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Results for “TOOTH DISCOLORATION”

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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

A 6-year clinical evaluation of Class I poly-acid modified resin composite/resin composite laminate restorations cured with a two-step curing technique.

OBJECTIVE: Polymerization shrinkage is still one of the main disadvantages of resin composite restorations (RC). Especially in cavities with a high C-factor, debonding can occur. A laminate restoration including a base with a more elastic behavior might result in a better adaptation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the durability of a combination of two techniques suggested to counter the stress formation in direct RC restorations in cavities with the highest C-factor. METHODS: Each of the 29 patients received one or two pair(s) of Class I restorations. The first restoration was a poly-acid modified resin composite/resin composite (PMRC/RC) sandwich restoration and the second a direct RC restoration. Both restorations, except for the PMRC layer, were placed with oblique layering and two-step curing technique. Ninety restorations, 23 premolar and 67 molars, were evaluated annually with slightly modified USPHS criteria during 6 years. RESULTS: At 6 years, 41 pairs were evaluated. A cumulative failure rate of 2.4% was observed for both the RC and the laminate restorations. One laminate restoration showed non-acceptable color match, but was not replaced and one RC restoration showed non-acceptable marginal adaptation. Two cases of slight postoperative sensitivity were observed in one patient. Three restorations were partially replaced due to primary proximal caries. SIGNIFICANCE: A high durability for and no differences, were observed between both restorative techniques in Class I cavities.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Betel: consumption and consequences.

Betel is a compound of natural substances chewed for its psychostimulating effects. Betel is composed of the nut of the areca palm (Areca catechu), the leaf of the betel pepper (Piper betle), and lime (calcium hydroxide). Approximately 200 million persons chew betel regularly throughout the western Pacific basin and south Asia. Only three drugs (nicotine, ethanol, and caffeine) are consumed more widely than betel. When betel is chewed, it produces mild psychoactive and cholinergic effects. There is copious production of a blood-red saliva that can stain oral structures. After years of chewing, the teeth may become red-brown to nearly black. Betel use is associated with oral leukoplakia, submucous fibrosis, and squamous cell carcinoma. Use of betel is discouraged in Western countries because of its alleged carcinogenic and perceived dysesthetic properties; nevertheless, betel is widely available in the West.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2001

The propensity of individual saliva to cause extrinsic staining in vitro--a developmental method.

OBJECTIVES: To detect any differences in the propensity of individual saliva to cause in vitro staining by chlorhexidine and tea. METHODS: Unstimulated human saliva was collected on a daily basis and used to coat optically clear Perspex specimens. Specimens were subjected to the original chlorhexidine/tea staining model described by Prayitno and Addy (Journal of Periodontal Research 1979;14:397-402), and cycles repeated until a maximum optical density of two was reached. RESULTS: Stain development increased incrementally with increasing cycles. Differences in chlorhexidine/tea staining between subjects were obvious by cycle 3 where the lowest 'stainer' had 56% less stain than the highest 'stainer'. Highly significant differences between subjects were seen during staining cycles 3-6, but not at cycles 7 and 8. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro stain formation using saliva from different individuals occurred at differing rates when all other variables were standardised. The properties of saliva accounting for this are still unknown, and warrant further study.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva on extrinsic staining in vitro--a developmental method.

OBJECTIVES: To detect any differences in the propensity of unstimulated and stimulated, individual whole saliva to cause in vitro staining by chlorhexidine and tea. METHODS: Unstimulated and stimulated human saliva was collected on a daily basis and used to coat optically clear acrylic specimens. Specimens were subjected to an established chlorhexidine/tea staining model in vitro shown to correlate well with in vivo staining, and cycles repeated until an optical density of <2 was reached. RESULTS: Stain development increased incrementally with increasing cycles. Overall differences in chlorhexidine/tea staining were noted both between subjects and between unstimulated and stimulated saliva used. Mean staining for the subject group, at each cycle was always higher with unstimulated saliva compared to stimulated saliva and differences reached statistical significance at cycles 2-5. CONCLUSIONS: In vitro stain formation using unstimulated saliva from different individuals occurred at a faster rate and to a greater extent than when stimulated saliva from the same subjects was used, presumably reflecting differences in composition. Understanding the nature of these differences could provide fundamental information on the very poorly understood process of tooth staining.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
PubMed2003

Development and evaluation of a method in vitro to study the effectiveness of tooth bleaching.

AIM: To develop and evaluate a reproducible intrinsic discolouration model in vitro, based on tea, which would allow the effectiveness of bleaching to be evaluated. METHOD: The crown portions of extracted human third molars were sectioned bucco-lingually in half. Colour assessments were made at baseline, post staining and post whitening using a standard clinical shade guide (SG), a shade vision clinical colorimeter system (SVS) and a reflectance chromometer. Internal staining employed a standard tea solution into which groups of five specimens were placed from 1 to 6 days. All assessments demonstrated maximum staining within one day. Groups of stained specimens were exposed to 1. Water (placebo control) 2. Enamel polished 3. Enamel polished and bleached through enamel 4. Bleached through enamel 5. Bleached through dentine 6. Bleached through enamel and dentine 7. Exposed to the bleach vehicle (minus active control). Control and bleach gel treatments were for 30 min. Comparisons of treatment effects were made using unpaired t-test on groups selected a priori for analysis. RESULTS: SG and SVS revealed that control and polish treatments had no or little effect respectively on tooth shade but all bleach treatments produced marked and statistically significant whitening effects and to a similar magnitude. Bleaching treatments returned the majority of specimens to the original shade or beyond representing a SG mean change of 13.8-15 shade guide units (SGU). Chromometer readings were consistent except that polishing alone increased tooth lightness slightly. CONCLUSIONS: Teeth were reproducibly stained internally, to provide a model in vitro by which to evaluate bleaching. The model, could be used to study many aspects of vital tooth bleaching, but has the limitation, without in vivo or in situ data, of cautiously extrapolating the effects in vitro to outcome clinically.

Colorimetry↗