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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Experience with cefaclor in the treatment of ear, nose and throat infections. Indications for cefaclor therapy (author's transl)].

The efficacy and tolerance of the new oral cephalosporin cefaclor was tested in 61 patients treated for a variety of moderate to severe ENT infections which were not expected to undergo a spontaneous remission without antibacterial therapy. The most frequently isolated pathogens were streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus. The dosage consisted of 500 mg cefaclor three times daily, and the treatment lasted between 4 and 43 days (average 14 days). In 35 cases, some of whom had already been treated unsuccussfully with another antibiotic, the results were very good. In 22 patients locally applied medicaments or surgery contributed to the good result. In four patients an unequivocal evaluation was not possible or therapy was not successful. The frequently noted rapid response to treatment with cefaclor was impressive. No relapses were recorded. In pharmacokinetic studies a cefaclor concentration of 2.8 mcg/g was obtained in the tonsils 90 minutes after oral administration of 1000 mg. Clinical examinations in 61 patients and a complete range of laboratory tests in 47 patients did not reveal any case of allergic reaction. One patient only complained of nausea and diarrhoea. In two patients temporary low grade thrombopenia and thrombocytosis respectively were observed. In several patients a slight transitory rise in transaminases was seen. Cefaclor thus proved to be an effective and well-tolerated antibiotic. Its indications in the treatment of ENT infections are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Relative proportions of Haemophilus species in the throat of healthy children and adults.

To determine normal proportions of pharyngeal Haemophilus species, qualitative and quantitative mapping of the species in the pharynx of ten healthy children and ten healthy adults was carried out using a selective and a non-selective medium. Haemophilus organisms were present in all samples, comprising approximately 10% of the total cultivable flora (range 0.6-36.9%). Haemophilus parainfluenzae was a member of the normal flora throughout life, constituting 74% of pharyngeal Haemophilus organisms. Haemophilus segnis and Haemophilus paraphrophilus occurred more frequently in samples from adults, whereas Haemophilus haemolyticus was present in only one sample. Non-encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae strains, usually of multiple biotypes, were present in 80% of the children but accounted for a mean of only 1.8% of the total flora. Their number decreased with increasing age; 40% of the adults harbored Haemophilus influenzae but only of a single biotype which constituted a minor proportion of the total flora (mean 0.15%). These findings suggest that host mechanisms can influence changes in the proportions of Haemophilus influenzae strains colonizing the host.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Influence of quinolones on throat- and faecal flora of healthy volunteers.

Oral and faecal flora were monitored in ten healthy volunteers who received three different oral dosages of either norfloxacin or ciprofloxacin during five consecutive days. Oral flora was not influenced by either quinolone. At the end of the five day-treatment period aerobic Gram-negative bacilli could no longer be cultured from the faecal samples of any of the volunteers. Enterococci were suppressed in some volunteers or remained present in concentrations as high as before treatment. All ciprofloxacin-treated volunteers became colonized with yeasts in their faecal samples, even during treatment with the lowest dose. As measured by total microscopic bacterial clump counts and the appearance of beta-aspartylglycine in faecal samples neither of the two quinolones appeared to decrease the colonization resistance of the digestive tract.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improved LAboratory Prototype ELectrolarynx (LAPEL): using inverse filtering of the frequency response function of the human throat.

The electrolarynx (EL) provides a valued means of verbal communication for people who have lost their larynx. Existing ELs have some drawbacks such as harsh, raucous, and unpleasant sound and the presence of background noise. This study presents an experimental analysis of two commercial ELs and describes the development and testing of an improved LAboratory Prototype ELectrolarynx (LAPEL) which more accurately simulates the sound of a natural larynx and has lower background noise. This natural sound is obtained by determining the frequency response function (FRF) of the tissue of the human neck and using this information to tailor the input signal to the EL by inverse filtering such that its output spectrum resembles that of the natural larynx. The result was subjectively judged to have a superior and more natural sound than existing electrolarynxes.

Humans↗