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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Incidence of Vibrio species associated with blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) collected from Galveston Bay, Texas.

Bacteria were readily isolated from the hemolymph of a majority (88%) of the blue crabs collected from Galveston Bay, Texas. The hemolymph of most crabs contained moderate (greater than 10(3) bacteria/ml) to heavy (greater than (10(5) bacteria/ml) infections. Large variances were observed in the bacterial number associated with individual crabs, but no significant difference was observed between the mean bacterial levels in the hemolymph of crabs collected during different seasons of the sampling year. Vibrio spp. were the predominant bacterial types in the hemolymph of infected crabs and increased in number significantly during the summer season. Warmer water temperatures were thought to be responsible for this increase. Bacterial numbers and the percentage of Vibrio spp. were highest in the interior of the crab bodies, especially in the digestive tract. The exterior of the crabs did not appear to be the source of the hemolymph's bacterial flora. Bacteria taxonomically identical to Vibrio cholerae. V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus were routinely isolated from the crab hemolymph and external carapace. V. parahaemolyticus was the most prevalent of the pathogenic Vibrio spp. and was isolated from 23% of the hemolymph samples. V. vulnificus (7%) and V. cholerae (2%) occurred less commonly in the hemolymph. The incidences of V. parachaemolyticus and V. vulnificus were related and increased in the summer months. Both organisms were frequently isolated from the same crab.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Seroepidemiology of cholera in Gulf coastal Texas.

Single serum samples from 559 volunteers from a Texas Gulf Coast area were examined for vibriocidal antibody to Vibrio cholerae O1 (biotype El Tor, serotype Inaba) by a microtiter method. Elevated levels of vibriocidal antibody were present in 14% of the subjects. Also, 6.8% of the subjects had elevated levels of antibody to the enterotoxin of V. cholerae O1 by the immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Recent infection, defined on the basis of elevations in both vibriocidal and antitoxin antibodies, had occurred in 1.3% of the subjects. When subjects who reported Brucella infection, travel to a cholera-endemic area, and/or cholera vaccination within a year of the study were removed from the analysis, a prevalence of recent infection of 0.89% was obtained. Significantly higher titers of vibriocidal antibody were found in those with exposure to seawater (fishermen, shrimpers, merchant marines, and dock workers) than in those without such exposure (P less than 0.005). Furthermore, titers of antitoxin antibody were significantly higher in those who consumed shellfish than in nonconsumers. Finally, titers of vibriocidal antibody were significantly higher in Vietnamese subjects than in non-Vietnamese subjects. The results of this study indicate that an endemic focus of infection with V. cholerae occurs in this area.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1980

High-catalase strains of Mycobacterium kansasii isolated from water in Texas.

Isolation techniques with membrane-filtered potable water samples resulted in the isolation of potentially pathogenic high-catalase strains of Mycobacterium kansasii from 8 of 19 representative outlets in a small central Texas town. Mycobacterium gordonae was isolated from all samples, and Mycobacterium fortuitum was isolated from two samples. Data on chlorine levels are presented along with a possible explanation for the unusually high numbers of mycobacteria in these potable water samples. Findings suggest that water is a source of M. kansasii and may be an important link in the epidemiological picture of the disease.

Catalase↗
PubMed1975

Laboratory studies of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in equines, Texas, 1971.

During the summer and fall of 1971, epizootic and epidemic Venezuelan equine encephalitis was detected in Texas. Isolates of epizootic (IB) and vaccine (TC-83) strains were distinguished by virulence of the former for guinea pigs. Vaccine virus was isolated from 1 to 14 days after vaccination and neutralization tests demonstrated the appearance of antibody about a week after vaccination. Viremia titers of subtype IB in horses ranged from 2.2 to 8.3 log10 suckling mouse intracranial 50% lethal doses per ml. Of 101 equines from which Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (IB or TC-83) strains were isolated, 87 had no neutralizing antibody against Venezuelan, eastern or western equine encephalitis viruses.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Isolation of Borrelia spirochetes from patients in Texas.

The Texas Department of Health Laboratory began culturing the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi in 1985. This organism was subsequently isolated from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, joint fluid, skin, bone, and autopsy tissues from humans. Fluorescent-antibody tests with murine monoclonal antibodies confirmed that seven of these isolates were B. burgdorferi and that two others belonged to the genus Borrelia.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1991

Isolation and identification of a variant of bluetongue virus serotype 11 from a ram in a bluetongue outbreak in western Texas.

A field strain of bluetongue virus was isolated from a blood sample of a ram during an outbreak of bluetongue in November 1985 in western Texas. In this bluetongue outbreak at least 25 of the 2,000 sheep were infected. Isolation was made by intravenous inoculation of 11-day-old embryonated chicken eggs. The serotype was identified as serotype 11 by serum neutralization tests. The genomic pattern on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of the new isolate is similar to that of bluetongue virus prototype 11. Comparisons were also made with proteins labeled in vivo with [3H]leucine and separated by SDS-PAGE. We conclude that this virus belongs to serotype 11, with slight differences in both genome and protein electrophoretic patterns.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients in Houston, Texas, by spoligotyping.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates (n = 1,429) from 1,283 patients collected as part of an ongoing population-based tuberculosis epidemiology study in Houston, Texas, were analyzed by spoligotyping and IS6110 profiling. The isolates were also assigned to one of three major genetic groups on the basis of nucleotide polymorphisms located at codons 463 and 95 in the genes (katG and gyrA) encoding catalase-peroxidase and the A subunit of DNA gyrase, respectively. A total of 225 spoligotypes were identified in the 1,429 isolates. There were 54 spoligotypes identified among 713 isolates (n = 623 patients) assigned to 73 IS6110 clusters. In addition, among 716 isolates (n = 660 patients) with unique IS6110 profiles, 200 spoligotypes were identified. No changes were observed either in the IS6110 profile or in the spoligotype for the 281 isolates collected sequentially from 133 patients. Five instances in which isolates with slightly different spoligotypes had the same IS6110 profile were identified, suggesting that in rare cases isolates with different spoligotypes can be clonally related. Spoligotypes correlated extremely well with major genetic group designations. Only three very similar spoligotypes were shared by isolates from genetic groups 2 and 3, and none was shared by group 1 and group 2 organisms or by group 1 and group 3 organisms. All organisms belonging to genetic groups 2 and 3 failed to hybridize with spacer probes 33 to 36. Taken together, the results support the existence of three distinct genetic groups of M. tuberculosis organisms and provide new information about the relationship between IS6110 profiles, spoligotypes, and major genetic groups of M. tuberculosis.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed2002

Real-time PCR detection of salmonella in suspect foods from a gastroenteritis outbreak in kerr county, Texas.

In June 2001, an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis among 109 attendees of a church picnic in Kerr County, Texas, was reported. A 5'-nuclease PCR assay was used to screen for Salmonella in nine food items from the buffet line. Barbeque chicken B tested positive for Salmonella, and no amplification was detected in the remaining food items. These PCR findings were consistent with culture results and were confirmed by direct nucleotide sequencing. Salmonella enterica serotype Panama was cultured from both food and patient stool samples.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Survey of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains from two hospitals in El Paso, Texas.

Seventy-one percent of 76 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from two medical centers in El Paso, Texas, represent three similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types. Overall, six pulsed-field types were identified represented by multilocus sequence/staphylococcal chromosomal cassette DNA mec (SCCmec) types: ST5-MRSA-II; ST36-MRSA-II; ST8 (untypeable SCCmec); and a newly described clonal cluster 8 strain, ST507-MRSA-IV. This study demonstrates the presence of multiple-antibiotic-resistant epidemic MRSA clones in El Paso.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

Pertussis outbreak in Austin and Travis County, Texas, 1975.

An outbreak of bacteriologically proven pertussis occurred in Austin and Travis County, Texas, over a 7-month period in 1975. Eighty persons were cultured for pertussis in our laboratory. A total of 62% of specimens from 34 individuals with suspected pertussis was positive for Bordetella pertussis. Diagnosis of acute cases by both culture and fluorescent antibody was attempted, and the correlation of the methods is given. Analyses of cases by age, sex, immunization status, and antibiotic treatment prior to culture are included in this report. Two asymptomatic, culture-positive adults were found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

New adapid primate of European affinities from Texas.

The primate Margarita stevensi n. gen. and n. sp. is described from late Eocene sediments of Texas, North America. The crushed skull of the type specimen is in the size range of Lepilemur leucopus, and the most recent relative of the new form appears to be the middle Eocene European adapid Europolemur klatti from the Geiseltal localities of the DDR. There are no indications that Margarita is closely related to the notharctine adapids. The new primate suggests that the Eocene of eastern North America was the homeland of lemuriforms with close European phylogenetic affinities. The posteriorly directed foramen magnum indicates a relatively small brain size and the dentition suggests an insectivorous-carnivorous dietary regime.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Secular decline in death rates due to ischemic heart disease in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites in Texas, 1970-1980.

Although the decline in ischemic heart disease mortality is now entering its third decade, there has been no definitive information on the experience of Mexican Americans, the nation's second largest minority group. Earlier studies carried out in the 1970s were hampered by the unavailability of satisfactory population data beyond 1970. In the present study we have used 1970 and 1980 census data to compute death rates in Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites from Texas for the periods 1969-1971 and 1979-1981. All four sex-ethnic groups showed statistically significant declines in death rates due to all causes, due to total ischemic heart disease, and due to acute myocardial infarction between 1969-1971 and 1979-1981. Declines in the latter two causes of death were least marked in Mexican American men. This sex-ethnic group was also the only one that failed to show a decline in death rates due to chronic ischemic heart diseases. The fact that Mexican Americans have been shown to be less well informed about and less likely to adopt lifestyle changes aimed at reducing heart disease risk than non-Hispanic whites may account for the less striking mortality decline observed in Mexican American men, but is harder to reconcile with the apparent equal decline in Mexican American women compared with non-Hispanic whites.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Clinical isolates of Mycobacterium simiae in San Antonio, Texas. An 11-yr review.

During a period of 11 yr (1983-1993) 137 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium simiae obtained from 75 patients were identified in a University hospital in San Antonio, Texas. One hundred twenty-eight isolates (93%) were from a pulmonary source, four (3%) from blood, and five from other sites including skin, urine, lymph node, bone marrow, and brain. Of 62 evaluable patients, six (10%) had definite infection, nine (14%) had probable disease, and 48 (76%) were thought to be colonized. During the last 2 yr of the study (1992 and 1993), M. simiae became the second most frequently isolated nontuberculous mycobacterium at this institution surpassed only by Mycobacterium avium complex. There are limited data about effective treatment for this multidrug-resistant organism. New macrolides, quinolones, ethambutol, clofazimine, and aminoglycosides are promising therapeutic agents.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2001

Tuberculosis in the foreign-born population of Tarrant county, Texas by immigration status.

The epidemiology of tuberculosis is changing in the United States as a result of immigration, yet the extent to which different classes of immigrants contribute to overall morbidity is unknown. Tuberculosis in nonimmigrant visitors is of particular interest as they are currently exempt from screening requirements. We conducted a prospective survey of all culture-positive tuberculosis patients in Tarrant County, Texas from 1/98 to 12/00. Immigration status of foreign-born patients was classified as permanent residents, undocumented, or nonimmigrant visitors. Of 274 eligible participants, 114 (42%) were foreign-born; of these, 67 (59%) were permanent residents, 28 (25%) were undocumented, and 19 (17%) were nonimmigrant visitors. Among the foreign-born, we observed significant differences by immigration status in multidrug resistance (p = 0.02), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (p = 0.0007), and hospitalization (p = 0.03 for ever/never, 0.01 for duration). Compared with other immigrants, more nonimmigrant visitors were multi-drug-resistant (16 % versus 11% of undocumented residents and 1% of permanent residents), were HIV-positive (32% versus 0% of undocumented and 5% of permanent residents), were hospitalized (47% versus 36% of undocumented and 19% of permanent residents), and had lengthy hospitalizations (median [midspread] days = 87 [25 to 153] versus 8.5 [4 to 28] for undocumented and 10 [7 to 24 d] for permanent residents). We found nonimmigrant visitors to be an important source of tuberculosis morbidity in Tarrant County. Further studies in other regions of the U.S. are needed to determine if screening and treatment recommendations of persons who spend extended periods in the U.S. should be raised to the standards set for permanent residents.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Transmission dynamics of tuberculosis in Tarrant county, Texas.

To understand the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis in Tarrant County, Texas, we performed a population-based study of 159 patients with culture-proven tuberculosis, combining restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with prospective interviewing to identify epidemiologic links between patients. Patients whose isolates had identical or closely related RFLP patterns were considered a cluster. Seventy-six (48%) of 159 patients were in 19 clusters, suggesting that recent transmission accounted for 36% of tuberculosis morbidity. Unconditional logistic regression showed that birth in the United States, continuous residence in Tarrant County, a history of homelessness, and a history of visiting or working in bars were independent predictors of clustering. Four homeless shelters and five bars were associated with specific clusters, suggesting that they were sites of tuberculosis transmission. Patients in some clusters recognized more photographs of patients in their cluster than did patients outside their cluster. We conclude that (1) homeless shelters and bars are important sites of tuberculosis transmission in Tarrant County, and (2) the use of photograph recognition of patients with tuberculosis, in combination with RFLP analysis, has the potential to enhance tuberculosis control by facilitating identification of epidemiologic links between patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

An empirical analysis of cost outcomes of the Texas Medication Algorithm Project.

OBJECTIVE: Disease management systems that incorporate medication algorithms have been proposed as cost-effective means to offer optimal treatment for patients with severe and chronic mental illnesses. The Texas Medication Algorithm Project was designed to compare health care costs and clinical outcomes between patients who received algorithm-guided medication management or usual care in 19 public mental health clinics. METHODS: This longitudinal cohort study for patients with major depression (N=350), bipolar disorder (N=267), and schizophrenia (N=309) applied a multi-part declining-effects cost model. Outcomes were assessed by the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. RESULTS: Compared with patients in usual care, patients in algorithm-based care incurred higher medication costs and had more frequent physician visits, although these differences often became smaller with time. For major depression, algorithm-based care achieved better outcomes sustainable with time but at higher agency and non-agency costs (mixed cost-effective). For bipolar disorder, patients in algorithm-based management achieved better outcomes at lower agency costs (cost-effective). For schizophrenia, patients in algorithm-based care achieved better outcomes that diminished with time, with no detectable difference in health care costs (cost-effective). CONCLUSIONS: Cost outcomes of algorithm-based care and usual care varied by disorder and over time. For bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, algorithm-based care improved outcomes without higher costs for health care services. For major depression, substantively better and sustained outcomes were obtained but at greater costs.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1975

Program evaluation of Texas mental health and mental retardation centers.

The diversity of programs offered by the 24 mental health and mental retardation centers in Texas required that program evaluation take a management-by-objectives approach, with each center examined as a unique system with its own goals, techniques, and activities. The approach required the centers to develop statements of management objectives, which they did with varying degrees of success. The evaluations were carried out by site-visit teams. The authors describe the evaluation process, the difficulties encountered, and some of the beneficial effects.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1999

Lead screening among low-income children in Galveston, Texas.

The objective of this study was to report results of a lead-screening program for low-income children living in Galveston, Texas. We obtained blood lead by graphite furnace spectrophotometry on 1,571 children aged 6 months to 8 years. Nineteen percent of children had blood lead levels > or = 10 mcg/dL. Risk factors included African-American ethnicity, young age, and residence in old housing. Follow-up was accomplished in only 50% of children with low-level toxicity. Lead screening is an important public health measure in communities with old houses. For screening to be successful, caregivers need to devote additional effort to follow-up.

Child↗