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The gratuitousness is a positive social measure, particularly specific of the psychosocial patients, but applied in a dissatisfying context because the financial aspect is the only considered and because the other therapeutic exigences, implicitly in such a measure contained, are in that way eluded.
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From a group of 1780 recruits, 30 recruits who had been showing behavioural disorders but had remained in army service, were compared with a control group of recruits who had never demonstrated any deviant behaviour. This was done in order to gain information of the performance of the examined persons in respect of their physical capacities, emotional patterns, learning abilities and efficiency, consumption patterns, personal contacts and sociological integration. The article describes the methodic approach and discusses the results. In conclusion, the possibility of prophylactic sociomedical activity in the school of recruits is brought up for discussion, was well as the question of their fitness for active military service.
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The method of social-geriatric examination is described. This type of examination by an ambulatory team takes place at the patient's home. The examination is firstly directed to the interactions in the human-environmental system. By means of a scheme as an aid the interactions can be analyzed. This analysis, how people are dealing with each other and with need for care and with care, precedes the analysis of the chain of interacting unfavourable conditions of social, mental and physical nature, which are responsible for the disturbance of the balance of the system. This disturbance is signaled by way of the primary health care system to the geriatric examination circuit of which the social-geriatric team functions as first receiver of those signals.
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Eighty-six abused children identified by two Children's Aid Societies in Hamilton-Wentworth County, Ontario, were compared with 86 controls born in the same hospital. Three factors were significantly more common in the abused group: (1) low socioeconomic status of the mother, (2) younger age at time of delivery, and (3) indication of a psychosocial problem recorded in the medical chart. The failure to find significant differences between abused children and controls in birthweight, Apgar score, and prematurity contrasts with earlier investigations of infant characteristics and child abuse.
Comparative examinations were performed on each N = 36 subjects, with bronchial asthma, cystic fibrosis and healthy controls, with regard to individual psychopathology, family functioning, and the relationship of clinical parameters to psychopathology. Children suffering from cystic fibrosis had the highest prevalence rate of psychiatric disorder. Findings of the psychiatric assessment in general were cross-validated by parent's and teacher's questionnaires. Data relating to family function were less differentiating between the groups. In both groups of diseases significant correlations between clinical parameters and psychopathology were detected.
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The author attempts an analysis of some of the socio-cultural elements which have marked the birth of (modern?) psychiatry and which have consequently influenced the education, identity and ethical values of the practitioner who choses to become a psychiatrist. The author draws attention to the problem of the psychiatrist's autonomy by stressing the important relationship between autonomy (or lack of autonomy) and the dominant political ideologies. Such relationship appears more clearly when the psychiatrist uncritically accepts to become "the psychiatric expert" in criminal and civil law, suicide, sex, death, etc., in other words, whenever accepting the role of "managerial technician". It is evident that the psychiatrist cannot renounce the social responsibilities which fall upon him because of his understanding and analysis of human behaviour, but it is also evident that a redefinition of the psychiatrist's role in society is called for. Such a re-definition will be possible only by the permanent exercise of self-criticism, honesty towards oneself, moral integrity and the capacity to differentiate between true autonomy and the illusion of autonomy when operating in the name of an official psychiatry which is often also a vehicle for the enforcement of a political ideology.