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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Secular changes in divorce in England and Wales by class of decree--a socio-legal analysis.

The author describes changes in divorce law in England and Wales during the twentieth century, focusing primarily on the enlargement of the statutory grounds for divorce. "This paper traces such developments in order to gauge the changes which have taken place in attitudes to divorce, so providing the necessary background for interpreting the main demographic trends in divorce: the long-term increase in level and the changing patterns of petitioning--by grounds and by which partner initiates proceedings."

Attitude↗
PubMed1990

[Secular trends in infant mortality rates in Japan].

"In the present study the infant mortality rates were analyzed according to 10 causes of deaths during the period from 1947 to 1988 in Japan." Causes of death examined include pneumonia, bronchitis, diarrhea, birth trauma, and congenital abnormalities. (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Asia↗
PubMed1996

Multiple group association models with latent variables: an analysis of secular trends in abortion attitudes, 1972-1988.

This paper examines methods for integrating latent class models with association and conditional association models, including those in multiple groups. These methods are shown to be generalizable to a wide range of association models in which one or more variables is latent and shown to be especially well suited to modeling temporal changes (tends) in latent structures. Like the usual association model, association models with latent variables utilize the information inherent in the ordering of the categories. Consequently, these models require the estimation of fewer parameters and are preferred to loglinear models that may require the estimation of substantial numbers of parameters even for models with a moderate number of observed variables. Following a discussion of the formal model, an example is considered. This example focuses on the American public's approval (disapproval) of legalized abortion from 1972 to 1988.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2002

[Secular changes in anthropometrical variables at birth: a local perspective].

BACKGROUND: Anthropometrical measurements at birth are the result of the conditions during pregnancy, being an issue of current interest due to the reported relationship of birth weight with non communicable chronic diseases in adulthood. AIM: To study the change in anthropometrical measurements at birth, between the period 1974-1978 and the period 1995-1999, in two counties of Valparatso, Chile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We collected information from the public health care system in a universe of 5,018 newborns of the two periods. RESULTS: When compared to 1974-1978, the period 1995-1999, showed 38% decrease in the number of deliveries, 0.7% decrease in parity, 1.4% decrease in pre-term deliveries and one year increase of mother's age. Likewise birth weight increased by 246 g in males and 210 g in females (p < 0.01). Birth length increased by 0.5 cm in males and 0.4 cm in females (p < 0.01). Low birth weight was reduced from 9 to 4.2% and length under -2 standard deviations from normal, also decreased from 5.4 to 1.5% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In the last 20 years, an improvement in anthropometrical measurements at birth was observed. Better conditions during pregnancy probably explain these changes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The secular trend in the incidence of hemorrhagic stroke in the region of Osijek, Eastern Croatia in the period 1988-2000--a hospital based study.

The purpose of the study was to establish the possible environmental influences in the observed peculiar rising and falling oscillations in the numbers of hemorrhagic stroke (HS) in Eastern Croatia (region of Osijek) during the last thirteen-years' period (1988-2000). In this period 1,222 HS were registered and treated. A constant increase in the incidence of HS was observed, from 60 (in 1988) to 139 (in 1998), with an average annual proportion of 16.5% of all stroke cases. A sharp increase in proportion of HS in total stroke incidence was recorded during the war in Croatia (1991-1995), with a peak incidence of 27.4% in 1993. Typical hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was the most common (57.1%), atypical ICH occurred in 26.4%, subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in 16.5%. Analysis of the annual number of hypertensive-ICH and SAH disclosed peculiar rising and falling oscillations. These variations were in correlation with heavy living conditions. During the war-period the SAH incidence sharply rose. Immediately after the war it suddenly decreased. The authors named this phenomenon a "pool depletion", supposing the relatively stable proportion of the bearers of aneurysms in population. The observed variations seem to be the consequence of the war stress and other negative psychosocial and economic factors in post-war period, which increases the risk for SAH and typical hypertensive-ICH through complex pathophysiological mechanisms.

Croatia↗
PubMed2002

[Comparative studies on activities on antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (2000). III. Secular changes in susceptibility].

The bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) isolated from patients diagnosed as having urinary tract infections (UTIs) in 10 institutions in Japan were supplied between August 2000 and July 2001. Then, the susceptibilities of these bacteria to various antimicrobial agents were examined, and the results were compared with those obtained between 1992 and 1999. Comparison was made by classifying strains isolated from patients into those in uncomplicated UTIs and those in complicated UTIs (including with or without indwelling catheter). E. faecalis showed good susceptibility to ampicillin (ABPC) and imipenem (IPM), and the MIC90s were 2 micrograms/ml. Also, E. faecalis showed good susceptibility to vancomycin (VCM). However, the MIC90, which was 2 micrograms/ml between 1992 and 1999, rose to 4 micrograms/ml in patients with complicated UTIs because the strains inhibited at 4 micrograms/ml increased more than before. The low susceptibility of S. aureus to arbekacin (ABK) in complicated UTIs, as shown in 1998 and 1999, recovered in 2000, and no strains inhibited at > or = 4 micrograms/ml were detected. E. coli showed good susceptibility to CTM (MIC90: 0.25-0.5 microgram/ml) and CZOP (MIC90: < or = 0.125 microgram/ml) and was not resistant to those. E. coli also showed good susceptibility to the other drugs except to penicillins. Decreases in susceptibility of E. coli to quinolones, ciprofloxacin (CPFX), and sparfloxacin (SPFX) were observed in the patients with complicated UTIs. The susceptibility of Klebsiella spp. to all drugs did not significantly change in 2000 and was generally good except to penicillins. Although the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to carbapenems was notable, the MIC90 went up from 4 micrograms/ml to 16 micrograms/ml in complicated UTIs compared with those observed in the previous year.

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary↗
PubMed2003

Secular trends in physical performance of Australian children. Evidence from the Talent Search program.

AIM: This study examined trends in aerobic fitness in 12-15-year-old South Australian schoolchildren in the years 1995-2000, based on data from the Australian Sports Commission's Talent Search program. METHODS: A total of 18,631 children were tested. The aerobic performance test used was the 20 m shuttle run test (20 mSRT). The 20 mSRT scores were expressed as completed laps, and converted to estimated VO(2)max values. RESULTS: There were significant declines (p=0.04-0.0001) across all age-gender slices, equivalent to 0.18 to 0.36 ml O(2) x kg(-1) x min(-1) x yr(-1), or about 0.4-0.8% of mean values per year. The rate of decline is consistent with several other Australian and overseas studies in the years 1980-2000, which have used a variety of aerobic tests across a wide range of age groups. In relation to children of similar age in 7 other countries, Australian children show poor to average aerobic fitness levels. CONCLUSION: It is possible that the decay in Australian children's aerobic fitness is in part due to reduced physical activity.

Adolescent↗