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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Detection of louping ill virus in formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded tissues of mice, sheep and a pig by the avidin-biotin-complex immunoperoxidase technique.

An immunohistochemical method for the detection of louping ill virus antigen in formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded tissues by an avidin-biotin-complex (ABC) immunoperoxidase technique was established. The tissues examined were from the brains of 10 mice, five sheep and one pig. The mice were experimentally infected with louping ill virus whereas the sheep and the pig were field cases of louping ill confirmed by clinical examination, and by histological and serological methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

An outbreak of Aujeszky's disease in sheep in Northern Ireland.

An outbreak of Aujeszky's disease occurred in a flock of 160 ewes which had been shorn and housed adjacent to pigs which were excreting Aujeszky's disease virus. The 29 affected sheep developed either the classical 'mad itch' signs associated with Aujeszky's disease in ruminants or signs of encephalitis. Aujeszky's disease virus was isolated from the central nervous system of the affected ewes. Five farm cats also became ill and died. Histological lesions of viral encephalitis were observed in one of the cats and Aujeszky's disease virus was isolated from its brain.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Improved performance of a large pig complex after sequential nursery depopulation.

An attempt was made to compare the productivity and financial benefits of nursery depopulation on five large pig farms which were all part of one complex. Each farm had been experiencing poor post weaning performance for 12 months, and had previously been infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). A plan to depopulate each nursery sequentially was established, and the pigs were moved to fattening facilities on one of the farms (farm 3) where space was available. Over a four week period, the nurseries of farms 1, 2, 4 and 5 were emptied, cleaned and disinfected, and any changes in nursery performance, mortality and the seroprevalence of antibodies to PRRSV were then assessed for one year. The financial benefit to the entire farm complex was analysed by using partial budget methods. During the year a net benefit of $1,708,431 was assessed to the farm complex owing to the increased numbers of marketable pigs and the reduced antibiotic costs. There were highly significant improvements in nursery growth rate and decreases in mortality on farms 1, 2, 4 and 5, and antibodies to PRRSV were detected on farms 3 and 4 but not on farms 1, 2 and 5. The inability to empty the farm 3 fattening facility, which housed the pigs from the other sites, may have led to the maintenance of its PRRSV positive status and could have served as the source of virus for farm 4.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed1999

Foot lesions in finishing pigs and their associations with the type of floor.

The associations between individual foot lesions and different types of floor were investigated in 4038 finishing pigs on 21 units. The overall prevalence of foot lesions was 93.8 per cent and the prevalence ranged from 79.4 per cent to 100 per cent on different units. Analysis showed that pigs kept on bedded floors, with either sparse or deep straw, had a lower prevalence of sole erosions, heel erosions and heel flaps and a higher prevalence of white line lesions, false sand cracks, wall separations and toe erosions than pigs kept on bare solid concrete floors. Partially slatted floors were associated with an increased prevalence of heel erosions, heel flaps, white line lesions, wall separations and false sand cracks, and totally slatted floors were associated with an increased prevalence of sole erosions and heel flaps.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2003

Procedures for preventing the transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus to pigs and sheep by personnel in contact with infected pigs.

The most effective method of containing an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is by the culling of livestock. However, qualified people must diagnose the disease before the culling can begin, and they must avoid susceptible animals after having been in contact with infected premises, to prevent them from transmitting the virus. To test the effectiveness of biosecurity procedures in preventing the transmission of FMD virus (O/UK/35/2001) investigators contacted and sampled pigs inoculated with FMD virus for approximately 45 minutes and then contacted and sampled sentinel pigs and sheep after either using no biosecurity procedures, or washing their hands and donning clean outerwear, or showering and donning clean outerwear. The virus was detected in the nasal secretions of one investigator immediately after the postmortem investigation of the inoculated pigs but was not detected in samples collected between approximately 12 and 84 hours later. After the contaminated personnel had showered and changed into clean outerwear they did not transmit the strain of FMD virus to susceptible pigs and sheep.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2005

The foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in Dumfries and Galloway, 2001. 1: Characteristics and control.

The foot-and-mouth disease epidemic in Dumfries and Galloway in south-west Scotland comprised 177 infected premises (IPS) in 24 geographical clusters, and ran from March 1 until May 23, 2001. Initial seeding of infection was by livestock (predominantly sheep) that had passed through Longtown Market in adjacent Cumbria. Thereafter, spread within existing, and to new, clusters was associated with the movement of personnel and vehicles, with further transmission by Longtown Market contacts and across common boundaries. Sheep and cattle premises were equally affected. After the peak of the epidemic at the beginning of the third week of March, the upper possible limit of attack rates for premises contiguous to IPS, and premises within 3 km, remained around 10 per cent, with new clusters emerging more distantly. Control procedures included traditional methods of slaughter of all animals on IPS and, elsewhere, of animals considered by veterinary assessment to be Dangerous Contacts; movement restrictions; enhanced biosecurity; tracing of potential sources and spread of virus; and surveillance of premises subsequently considered at risk. These methods were supplemented by the novel pre-emptive slaughter, without veterinary assessment, of all susceptible livestock on all premises contiguous to IPS, and of small ruminants and pigs within a 3 km radius (known as the Protection Zone) around IPS. In total, approximately 80,000 cattle, 564,000 sheep, 2600 pigs and 500 goats were slaughtered, the novel methods accounting for 29 per cent of all cattle and 75 per cent of all sheep killed. Limitations of existing national databases necessitated the development of local databases to administer control procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Surveillance of suspect animal toxicoses with potential food safety implications in England and Wales between 1990 and 2002.

The potential chemical contamination incidents investigated by the Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA) between 1990 and 2002 are reviewed. Incidents were identified in the course of the VLA's surveillance of food animal disease and further investigations were carried out on behalf of the Food Standards Agency in order to identify and control the contamination of food animals and animal products with chemical hazards. In total 876 incidents were investigated, of which 588 involved the poisoning of cattle with heavy metals. There were 63 incidents involving the exposure of cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry to the accidental misuse of veterinary medicines, pesticides or rodenticides, and 50 incidents involving their exposure to microbiological toxins, particularly botulism.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Clinical and pathological responses of weaned pigs to atmospheric ammonia and dust.

Nine hundred and sixty weaned pigs were exposed for five weeks to controlled concentrations of atmospheric ammonia and dust in a single, multifactorial experiment. The treatments were a mean dust concentration of either 1.2, 2.7, 5.1 or 9.9 mg/m3 (inhalable fraction) and a mean ammonia concentration of either 0.6, 10.0, 18.8 or 37.0 ppm, concentrations representative of commercial conditions. The experiment was carried out over two years and the pigs were used in eight batches, each consisting of five lots of 24 pigs. Each treatment combination was replicated once, and an additional control lot (nominally 0 mg/m3 dust and 0 ppm ammonia) was included in each batch. The dust concentration was the same in the other four lots in each batch in which the four concentrations of ammonia were used; thus, the split-plot design was more sensitive to the effects of ammonia than dust. The groups of pigs were kept separately in five rooms in a purpose-built facility, and the pollutants were injected continuously into the air supply. Ammonia was supplied from a pressurised cylinder, and the endogenous dust in each room was supplemented by an artificial dust manufactured from feed, barley straw and faeces, mixed by weight in the proportions 5:1:4; its ingredients were oven-dried, milled and mixed, and then resuspended in the air supply. The health of the pigs was assessed in terms of general pathology, respiratory tract pathology, and the microbiology of the nasal cavity, trachea and lung. In each batch, postmortem examinations were carried out on 40 pigs after five weeks' exposure to the pollutants and on 30 pigs two weeks later to test for carryover and recovery--a total of 560 pigs. These examinations revealed minimal gross pathology and widespread minor pathological changes of little significance. The pigs' turbinate and lung scores were low and unaffected by exposure to pollutants. All the putative bacterial pathogens, with the exception of toxigenic Pasteurella multocida type D, were isolated from the respiratory tract of the pigs of both ages, but there were no differences between the effects of the different concentrations of pollutants.

Air Pollutants↗