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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Sleep bruxism related to obstructive sleep apnea: the effect of continuous positive airway pressure.

Several studies have reported that sleep bruxism rarely occurs in isolation. Recently, in an epidemiological study of sleep bruxism and risk factors in the general population, it was found that among the associated sleep symptoms and disorders obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was the highest risk factor for tooth grinding during sleep. The purpose of this report was to evaluate the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on sleep bruxism in a patient with both severe OSA and sleep tooth grinding. Two polysomnographic (PSG) recordings were carried out. The first showed 67 events of sounded tooth grinding, most of them appearing as an arousal response at the end of apnea/hypopnea events in both the supine and lateral postures. During the CPAP titration night most breathing abnormalities were eliminated and a complete eradication of the tooth grinding events was observed. The results of this study suggest that when sleep bruxism is related to apnea/hypopneas, the successful treatment of these breathing abnormalities may eliminate bruxism during sleep.

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PubMed2002

Elicitation of sleep-onset REM periods in normal individuals using the sleep interruption technique (SIT).

Use of the sleep interruption technique (SIT) to elicit sleep onset REM periods (SOREMPs) in normal individuals is introduced along with its theoretical bases, empirical findings, and potential applications. Capitalizing upon the circadian and ultradian nature of REM sleep, the SIT has been developed to examine various psychophysiological characteristics related to REM sleep. The SIT allows us to: (1) obtain SOREMPs at the discretion of the researcher; (2) avoid the contaminating effects of preceding non-REM (NREM)-REM stage ordering on subsequent target sleep episodes; and (3) obtain many REM episodes in a short time by repeating the sleep interruptions. The SIT has been applied in several studies, such as examination of physiological precursors to REM periods, correlates of dream mechanisms, and induction of sleep paralysis in normal individuals. Guidelines for eliciting SOREMP using the SIT, including the parameters to be manipulated, are provided, e.g. NREM duration before sleep interruption, time of night of awakenings, duration of sleep interruption and tasks employed. Directions for further research such as determining optimal type of task to promote SOREMP occurrences, generalization of SOREMP as usual REM periods, and forms of SOREMP occurrences under different conditions in normal individuals and clinical patients are discussed. Finally, possible future uses of the SIT, including combining this technique with new technologies, are also suggested.

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PubMed2001

Gastrointestinal functioning during sleep: a new horizon in sleep medicine.

A body of clinical and research literature is accumulating suggesting that there are significant alterations in gastrointestinal functioning during sleep, as well as sleep complaints and disorders in patients suffering from gastrointestinal disease. This review addresses the clinical applications of some basic alterations in gastrointestinal functioning during sleep, with a particular focus on gastroesophageal reflux disease and functional bowel disorders. Recent studies have shown that gastroesophageal reflux during sleep results in a marked prolongation of esophageal acid clearance time, and consequent mucosal damage. Data are reviewed which suggest that the more serious complications of gastroesophageal reflux, e.g. esophagitis and the extra-esophageal complications of reflux such as the exacerbation of bronchial asthma, laryngopharyngitis, and pulmonary aspiration are the result of sleep-related gastroesophageal reflux. Recent studies have also shown that patients with functional bowel disorder (e.g. irritable bowel syndrome and dyspepsia) have a high incidence of sleep complaints as well as abnormalities of autonomic functioning. Recent studies have shown that the measurement of autonomic functioning during sleep can differentiate the patients with functional bowel disorders from normal controls. The continued study of gastrointestinal functioning during sleep clearly establishes a new horizon of investigation in both sleep medicine and gastroenterology. 2001 Harcourt Publishers Ltd

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PubMed1993

The estimation of sleep quality in different stages and cycles of sleep.

Dream content in NREM and REM sleep correlates with the subjective experience of having slept immediately before awakening. The estimation of depth of sleep depends on the quality of the NREM sleep stages. The presence of dreaming in a given sleep stage is more important for the subjective experience of having slept than the duration of the sleep episode before the awakening. Neurotic insomniac patients more often deny mental activity when awoken from NREM and REM sleep, than do healthy subjects. These data suggest that spontaneous awakenings in different sleep stages, especially in the first sleep cycle, correlate with the insomniac's tendency to underestimate sleep duration and quality.

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PubMed1993

Body temperature is elevated during the rebound of slow-wave sleep following 40-h of sleep deprivation on a constant routine.

EEG, EMG, EOG and core body temperature were recorded during baseline sleep and during recovery sleep from a 40-h constant routine in 9 male subjects. Slow-wave sleep and slow-wave activity (SWA, EEG power density 0.75-4.5 Hz) were enhanced in the first two nonREM sleep episodes of recovery sleep. Core body temperature was not significantly different in the last 30 minutes before lights out but was significantly higher during recovery sleep in the interval between lights out and sleep onset and during the first nonREM sleep episode. The data demonstrate that an enhancement of SWA/SWS is not necessarily accompanied by lower values of core body temperature, and therefore challenge the notion that SWS is the primary factor responsible for the steep decline of body temperature that occurs at the onset of the nightly sleep episode.

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PubMed1995

Prolactin secretion during sleep in obstructive sleep apnoea patients.

Plasma prolactin (PRL) concentration exhibits a sleep-dependent pattern, with highest levels during sleep and lowest levels during the waking period. The syndrome of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with severe hypoxaemia and chronic sleep fragmentation, both of which could affect the sleep-entrained PRL rhythm. Treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) immediately restores a normal sleep structure by successful abolition of the apnoeas. In the present study, seven OSA patients underwent two night studies, once when no treatment was given and once during the first night of CPAP treatment. Sleep was recorded polygraphically in all experiments. Plasma PRL was measured at 10 min intervals and secretory rates were calculated by a deconvolution procedure. CPAP treatment greatly reduced hypoxaemia and improved sleep quality. The secretory pulse amplitude and the total amount of PRL secreted during the night remained constant regardless of whether patients were treated or not. The only difference found was a lower pulse frequency in untreated OSA patients as compared to treated patients, which may be attributed either to hypoxaemia or to sleep disturbance or to the combined action of both. Treatment may be considered to normalize PRL release by restoring pulse frequency to values similar to those observed for normal subjects.

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