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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Surgical complications associated with sentinel lymph node biopsy: results from a prospective international cooperative group trial.

BACKGROUND: American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0010 is a prospective multicenter trial designed to evaluate the prognostic significance of micrometastases in the sentinel lymph nodes and bone marrow aspirates of women with early-stage breast cancer. Surgical complications associated with the sentinel lymph node biopsy surgical procedure are reported. METHODS: Eligible patients included women with clinical T1/2N0M0 breast cancer. Surgical outcomes were available at 30 days and 6 months after surgery for 5327 patients. Patients who had a failed sentinel node mapping (n=71, 1.4%) or a completion lymph node dissection (n=814, 15%) were excluded. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors for the measured surgical complications. RESULTS: In patients who received isosulfan blue dye alone (n=783) or a combination of blue dye and radiocolloid (n=4192), anaphylaxis was reported in .1% of subjects (5 of 4975). Other complications included axillary wound infection in 1.0%, axillary seroma in 7.1%, and axillary hematoma in 1.4% of subjects. Only increasing age and an increasing number of sentinel lymph nodes removed were significantly associated with an increasing incidence of axillary seroma. At 6 months, 8.6% of patients reported axillary paresthesias, 3.8% had a decreased upper extremity range of motion, and 6.9% demonstrated proximal upper extremity lymphedema (change from baseline arm circumference of >2 cm). Significant predictors for surgical complications at 6 months were a decreasing age for axillary paresthesias and increasing body mass index and increasing age for upper extremity lymphedema. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a prospective assessment of the sentinel lymph node biopsy procedure, as performed by a wide range of surgeons, demonstrating a low complication rate.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Protein determination in cerebrospinal fluid by protein dye-binding assay.

In this study, Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) and pyrogallol red/molybdate (PRM) protein dye-binding assays for total protein determination in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are compared. Using human albumin (HA) as a protein calibrator, protein concentration in CSF samples (n = 73) ranged from 55-1960 mg/L (median: 315 mg/L) with the CBB assay, and from 95-2450 mg/L (median: 395 mg/L) with the PRM assay. Linear regression analysis indicated yCBB = 0.824xPRM - 8 (r = 0.99). The discrepancy between the values was investigated by comparing the response of the two assays to different proteins. Compared with HA, the PRM assay showed a more uniform response to human albumin/globulin (A/G) and bovine gamma globulin (G) than did the CBB assay, but it gave high colour yields with bovine myelin basic protein. When CSF was assayed using A/G as a protein calibrator, agreement between the methods improved (yCBB = 0.960xPRM + 0 [r = 0.99]), indicating that comparability is dictated by the choice of protein calibrator. Of the two assays studied, the PRM assay is recommended for CSF protein determination because it gives a more uniform and linear response to human albumin and globulin over a wider working range.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of malachite green chloride and leucomalachite green. (CAS NOS. 569-64-2 and 129-73-7) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (feed studies).

BACKGROUND: Malachite green chloride is a dye used to prevent fungus infections in commercial fisheries. Leucomalachite green is formed from malachite green and remains in the tissues of exposed fish. We studied the effects of malachite green on female rats and female mice, and the effects of leucomalachite green on male and female rats and female mice, to identify potential toxic or cancer-related hazards to humans. METHODS: For each study we mixed the dye into the feed of rats and mice. The doses of malachite green chloride given were 100, 300, or 600 parts per million (ppm) for female rats and 100, 225, or 450 ppm for female mice. Doses of leucomalachite green were 91, 272, or 543 ppm for male and female rats and 91, 204, or 408 ppm for female mice. There were 48 animals in each dose group. Control animals received the same feed with no chemical added. The study lasted for two years. Tissues from more than 40 sites were examined for every animal. RESULTS: Rats, but not mice, exposed to malachite green chloride or leucomalachite green weighed less on average than the control animals. In rats exposed to the dyes, there were very slight increases in a few types of tumors: cancers of the thyroid gland, liver, and mammary gland in females exposed to malachite green chloride; of the thyroid gland and testes in males exposed to leucomalachite green; and of the thyroid gland and liver of females exposed to leucomalachite green. We saw no increase in cancers in female mice given malachite green chloride, but there was an increase in liver tumors in female mice given to leucomalachite green. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that tumors of the thyroid gland, liver, or mammary gland in female rats might have been caused by malachite green chloride, but the malachite green chloride did not cause cancer in female mice. We conclude that leucomalachite green might have caused cancers of the thyroid gland in male and female rats, and of the testes in male rats and liver in female rats. Leucomalachite green caused an increase in cancer of the liver in female mice.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2004

Decreased identification rate of sentinel lymph node after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

We prospectively studied the feasibility of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy by comparing the identification rate and the false-negative rate (FNR) with the results obtained from the patients without chemotherapy. From October 2001 to March 2003, a total of 284 consecutive patients who underwent SLNB and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) at the Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center were enrolled. Of the 284 patients, 54 underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to operation. The sentinel lymph node (SLN) was mapped by radioactive colloid alone or in combination with blue dye. All SLNs were evaluated by 2 mm serial sections after hematoxylin-eosin staining. The overall SLN identification rate was 91.9% (261/284): 72.2% (39/54) of the patients after chemotherapy and 96.5% (222/230) of the patients without chemotherapy. These results suggest that preoperative chemotherapy significantly affects lymphatic mapping ( p< 0.001). Among the patients with chemotherapy, there were 3 false negatives in 39 successfully mapped tumors, yielding an FNR of 11.1% (3/27), a negative prediction value (NPV) of 80.0% (12/15), and an accuracy of 92.3% (36/39). There were 10 false negatives among 222 successfully detected patients without chemotherapy, yielding an FNR of 9.9% (10/101), an NPV of 92.4% (121/131), and an accuracy of 95.5% (212/222). These results were not statistically different when compared ( p > 0.05). Although the SLN identification rate significantly decreased after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, SLNB could accurately predict axillary status. Thus SLNB can be an alternative to ALND even after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in cases of successful identification of the SLN.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Axillary sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer: a single lymphatic pathway drains the entire mammary gland.

AIM: To report the pattern of lymphatic mapping following intrasubdermal injections of radiocolloid and of blue dye in different sites of the breast. METHODS: Prior to surgery 137 breast cancer patients underwent intrasubdermal injection of 30-50 MBq 99mTc-colloidal albumin over the tumour site (ISI group). Ten minutes before surgery, 2 ml patent blue was injected in the subareolar area (SAI group) in 117/137 patients, while 20 patients received intrasubdermal blue-dye in the quadrant opposite the tumour site (OQI group). The different injection routes were considered concordant when the hottest sLN was also blue. RESULTS: In 134/137 patients radiocolloid drained to one or more axillary nodes, while blue nodes were found in 98/117 SAI patients and in 17/20 OQI patients. Multiple hot nodes were found in 63/134 cases and multiple blue nodes in 35/115. In patients in whom both tracers reached the axilla, the hottest node was also blue in 108/115 cases (93/98 SAI and 15/17 OQI patients). In the seven discordant cases, the hottest node was not blue, but in two cases the blue node was also radioactive. CONCLUSIONS: Superficial lymphatic drainage from the breast most frequently merges to a single axillary lymph node, irrespective of the site of tracer injection. In a few cases different injection sites identify different, often closely interconnected sLNs.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Intraoperative staining of tissues].

Possibilities of vital dyeing to determine blood supplied from non blood supplied tissues are subject of many years' investigations. They may play an important role in traumatology, reconstructive and septic surgery. In acute traumatic changes one of the methods known is the so called immediate surgical treatment with delayed operation. In chronic and septic pathological changes there exists a great difficulty distinguishing necrotic parts of bone or soft tissues, which are the cause of long lasting inflammation and external fistulas. This process can last for months or even years if not treated by a proper and precise surgical procedure. Very helpful may be vital dying of tissues which was introduced by K. Klemm in 1970 for the surgical treatment of septic bone necrosis using the Disulphine Blue, produced by Imperial Chemical Industries Limited, Pharmaceuticals, Division, Macclesfield Cheshire, G. B. The tissue dyes are used widely for subcutaneous injections in lymphography, i.e. in about 30,000 patients in USA yearly. Disulphine Blue is a water soluble and partly spirit soluble powder giving a blue solution, which can be sterilized in autoclave. After an intravenous application of 0.25-0.5 ml/kg body of 6.2% solution a green colour of skin and conjunctivas appears in 5 minutes. The dye can appear in bile, bronchial tree, feces and in intestine secretions. It is evacuated with urine. Green colour of the skin disappear after 36 hours in children and after 48 hours in adults. This dye has been used as a direct visual test to investigate normal blood-supplied and necrotic soft and bone tissues. This phenomenon can have a special significance for defining the vitality in inflammation of bone tissue, in burns and in necrosis of soft tissues a.a. of the Achilles tendon. A demonstrative case report. Patient K. J., 32 years old, a worker and sportsman was hospitalized in our clinic because of chronic inflammation and purulent fistulas 10 weeks after two operations in one of hospitals because of traumatic right Achilles tendon rupture. During the first operation the tendon was sutured and the leg immobilized for a period of 6 weeks. After that time the plaster dressing was removed and during the rehabilitation was stated a secondary Achilles tendon rupture. The tendon was resutured. The course after the operation was complicated with haematoma and purulent fistulas. Antibiotics were used but without effect. In our Clinic 10 weeks after the primary injury and unsuccessful local treatment we performed a subsequent operation after slow intravenous injection of 10 ml Disulphine Blue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed2001

Sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma: how many radioactive nodes should be removed?

BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has become a standard method of staging patients with cutaneous melanoma. Sentinel lymph node biopsy usually is performed by intradermal injection of a vital blue dye (isosulfan blue) plus radioactive colloid (technetium sulfur colloid) around the site of the tumor. Intraoperative gamma probe detection has been shown to improve the rate of SLN identification compared to the use of blue dye alone. However, multiple sentinel nodes often are detected using the gamma probe. It is not clear whether these additional lymph nodes represent true sentinel nodes, or second-echelon lymph nodes that have received radiocolloid particles that have passed through the true sentinel node. This analysis was performed to determine the frequency with which these less radioactive lymph nodes contain metastatic disease when the most radioactive, or "hottest," node does not. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the Sunbelt Melanoma Trial, 1184 patients with cutaneous melanoma of Breslow thickness 1.0 mm or more had sentinel lymph nodes identified. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed by injection of technetium sulfur colloid plus isosulfan blue dye in 99% of cases. Intraoperative determination of the degree of radioactivity of sentinel nodes (ex vivo) was measured, as well as the degree of blue dye staining. RESULTS: Sentinel nodes were identified in 1373 nodal basins in 1184 patients. A total of 288 of 1184 patients (24.3%) were found to have sentinel node metastases detected by histology or immunohistochemistry. Nodal metastases were detected in 306 nodal basins in these 288 patients. There were 175 nodal basins from 170 patients in which at least one positive sentinel node was found and more than one sentinel node was harvested. Blue dye staining was found in 86.3% of the histologically positive sentinel nodes and 66.4% of the negative sentinel nodes. In 40 of 306 positive nodal basins (13.1%), the most radioactive sentinel node was negative for tumor when another, less radioactive, sentinel node was positive for tumor. In 20 of 40 cases (50%), the less radioactive positive sentinel node contained 50% or less of the radioactive count of the hottest lymph node. The cervical lymph node basin was associated with an increased likelihood of finding a positive sentinel node other than the hottest node. CONCLUSIONS: If only the most radioactive sentinel node in each basin had been removed, 13.1% of the nodal basins with positive sentinel nodes would have been missed. It is recommended that all blue lymph nodes and all nodes that measure 10% or higher of the ex vivo radioactive count of the hottest sentinel node should be harvested for optimal detection of nodal metastases.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed2005

Adsorption of a cationic dye molecule on polystyrene microspheres in colloids: effect of surface charge and composition probed by second harmonic generation.

Nonlinear optical probe, second harmonic generation (SHG), of the adsorption of the dye molecule malachite green (MG), in cationic form at pH < or = 5, on polystyrene microspheres in aqueous solution is used to study the effect of surface charge and composition on molecular adsorption. Three types of polystyrene microspheres with different surface composition are investigated: (1) a sulfate terminated, anionic surface, (2) a neutral surface without any functional group termination, and (3) an amine terminated, cationic surface. The cationic dye was found to adsorb at all three surfaces, regardless of surface charge. The adsorption free energies, DeltaG's, measured for the three surfaces are -12.67, -12.39, and -10.46 kcal/mol, respectively, with the trend as expected from the charge interactions. The adsorption density on the anionic surface, where attractive charge-charge interaction dominates, is determined by the surface negative charge density. The adsorption densities on the neutral and cationic surfaces are on the other hand higher, perhaps as a result of a balance between minimizing repulsive charge interaction and maximizing attractive molecule-substrate and intermolecular interactions. The relative strength of the SH intensity per molecule, in combination of a model calculation, reveals that the C(2) axis of the MG molecule is nearly perpendicular to the surface on the anionic surface and tilts away from the surface norm when the surface is neutral and further away when cationic. Changing the pH of the solution may alter the surface charge and subsequently affect the adsorption configuration and SH intensity.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1988

Fuchsin acid selectively inhibits human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in vitro.

Fuchsin acid, an anionic dye, is a selective inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) in vitro. Its 50% effective dose for inhibition of HIV-1-induced cytopathogenicity in MT-4 cells and HIV-1 antigen expression in HUT-78 cells is 42 and 16 microM, respectively. These values are comparable to those of suramin, the first compound shown to be a selective inhibitor of HIV-1. However, fuchsin acid is less cytotoxic than suramin. The selectivity index of fuchsin acid, based on the ratio of the 50% cytotoxic dose to the 50% effective dose, is greater than 74 in MT-4 cells and greater than 39 in HUT-78 cells. Fuchsin acid is a much weaker inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase than are suramin and aurintricarboxylic acid. Fuchsin acid does not interfere with the adsorption of HIV-1 particles to MT-4 cells even at concentrations that completely block HIV-1 replication in MT-4 cells. The mechanism of action of fuchsin acid remains subject of further study.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Anaphylaxis to isosulfan blue.

BACKGROUND: Isosulfan blue 1% is a dye used in medical procedures such as lymphangiography and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Anaphylactic reactions to this dye have been rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: We are reporting two patients who experienced anaphylaxis after subcutaneous administration of isosulfan blue. METHODS: Two female patients with breast cancer were evaluated by our allergy service after suspected intraoperative anaphylactic episodes during sentinel lymph node biopsies in which they had received isosulfan blue 1% for the purpose of visualization of the lymph vessels. In the first case, the patient suffered hypotension and hypoxia requiring intubation. In the second case, the patient suffered prolonged hypotension. Both patients recovered without sequelae. The patients were seen in our clinic, and skin tests were performed to isosulfan blue in addition to other agents the patients had received during anesthesia. RESULTS: In both cases, the patients demonstrated positive skin tests to isosulfan blue. Neither patient had positive skin tests to any other agent used for skin testing. Isosulfan blue skin tests were performed in nine control subjects and all skin tests in the control subjects were negative. CONCLUSIONS: Isosulfan blue may be a cause of anaphylactic reactions and this seems to be an immunoglobulin E-mediated event as confirmed by positive skin tests.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed2000

Role of sentinel lymph node dissection in breast cancer.

The sentinel node concept is valid for penile cancer, melanoma, breast cancer and is probably also applicable to other solid malignancies. Sentinel nodes are the one or two initial nodes in the regional nodal drainage basin encountered by the lymphatic effluent from a tumour, which can be identified with an injection of vital dye or other lymphogogue. Sentinel lymph node dissection (SLND), a minimally invasive procedure with negligible morbidity, has therefore been utilized as an alternative to complete axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for staging breast cancer. Examination of sentinel nodes provides a focused histopathological assessment of tissue most likely to harbour metastases, providing enhanced staging accuracy with a low false-negative rate. Tumour-free sentinel nodes are predictive of a tumour-free axilla, thereby allowing for the possibility of SLND without ALND and sparing patients the morbidity of ALND. Most of the experience from SLND has been obtained for axillary sentinel nodes. However, sentinel nodes have been identified in nonaxillary sites, such as the internal mammary nodes, but data on SLND for these regions is scarce. The ultimate role of SLND in breast cancer, which may be to identify sentinel-node-negative patients or even those with sentinel node metastases who can safely avoid ALND without sacrificing regional control and possibly gain a therapeutic benefit, cannot be defined before we have the results of large trials that are currently in progress.

Axilla↗
PubMed2000

Adverse reactions to isosulfan blue during selective sentinel lymph node dissection in melanoma.

BACKGROUND: Selective sentinel lymph node (SLN) dissection can spare about 80% of patients with primary melanoma from radical lymph node dissection. This procedure identifies the SLN either visually by injecting isosulfan blue dye around the primary melanoma site or by handheld gamma probe after radiocolloid injection. METHODS: During selective SLN mapping, 1 to 5 ml of isosulfan blue was injected intradermally around the primary melanoma. From November 1993, to August 1998, 406 patients underwent intraoperative lymphatic mapping with the use of both isosulfan blue and radiocolloid injection. Three cases of selective SLN dissection, in which adverse reactions to isosulfan blue occurred, were reviewed. RESULTS: We report three cases of anaphylaxis after intradermal injection with isosulfan blue of 406 patients who underwent intraoperative lymphatic mapping by using the procedure as described above. The three cases we report vary in severity from treatable hypotension with urticaria and erythema to severe cardiovascular collapse with or without bronchospasm or urticaria. CONCLUSIONS: In our series, the incidence of anaphylaxis to isosulfan blue was approximately 1%. Anaphylaxis can be fatal if not recognized and treated rapidly. Operating room personnel who participate in intraoperative lymphatic mapping where isosulfan blue is used must be aware of the potential consequences and be prepared to treat anaphylaxis.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Intraoperative lymphatic mapping for non-small cell lung cancer: the sentinel node technique.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to determine the accuracy and role of the sentinel node technique in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. METHODS: This study was carried out on 36 consecutive patients undergoing lung resection. Peritumoral tissue was infiltrated with isosulfan blue dye and the first lymph node to stain was identified as a sentinel node. Sensitivity and specificity of the sentinel node in predicting the status of other lymph node stations were determined. RESULTS: Seventeen patients had sentinel lymph nodes. In 9 of these 17 cases neither the sentinel node nor any other lymph node contained metastatic carcinoma. In 5 cases the sentinel node was in the mediastinum and documented unexpected N2 disease. In 19 patients no sentinel node was found. Final lymph node statuses were N0 in 13 patients, N1 in 5, and N2 in 1. CONCLUSIONS: The use of isosulfan blue for intraoperative lymphatic mapping is feasible. The specificity in our experience was good; 9 of 9 patients with negative sentinel nodes were found to be N0 on the final pathology report. Unexpected N2 disease was found in 5 patients. The accumulation of further experience will determine the role of the sentinel node technique in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy for breast cancer does not improve the ability to identify axillary sentinel lymph nodes.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy in sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy for breast cancer. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Numerous studies have demonstrated that SLN biopsy can be used to stage axillary lymph nodes for breast cancer. SLN biopsy is performed using injection of radioactive colloid, blue dye, or both. When radioactive colloid is used, a preoperative lymphoscintigram (nuclear medicine scan) is often obtained to ease SLN identification. Whether a preoperative lymphoscintigram adds diagnostic accuracy to offset the additional time and cost required is not clear. METHODS: After informed consent was obtained, 805 patients were enrolled in the University of Louisville Breast Cancer Sentinel Lymph Node Study, a multiinstitutional study involving 99 surgeons. Patients with clinical stage T1-2, N0 breast cancer were eligible for the study. All patients underwent SLN biopsy, followed by level I/II axillary dissection. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy was performed at the discretion of the individual surgeon. Biopsy of nonaxillary SLNs was not required in the protocol. Chi-square analysis and analysis of variance were used for statistical comparison. RESULTS: Radioactive colloid injection was performed in 588 patients. In 560, peritumoral injection of isosulfan blue dye was also performed. A preoperative lymphoscintigram was obtained in 348 of the 588 patients (59%). The SLN was identified in 221 of 240 patients (92.1%) who did not undergo a preoperative lymphoscintigram, with a false-negative rate of 1.6%. In the 348 patients who underwent a preoperative lymphoscintigram, the SLN was identified in 310 (89.1%), with a false-negative rate of 8.7%. A mean of 2.2 and 2. 0 SLNs per patient were removed in the groups without and with a preoperative lymphoscintigram, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the SLN identification rate, false-negative rate, or number of SLNs removed when a preoperative lymphoscintigram was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy does not improve the ability to identify axillary SLN during surgery, nor does it decrease the false-negative rate. Routine preoperative lymphoscintigraphy is not necessary for the identification of axillary SLNs in breast cancer.

Axilla↗
PubMed2003

Prevalence of additional positive lymph nodes in complete lymphadenectomy specimens after positive sentinel lymphadenectomy findings for early-stage melanoma of the head and neck.

In this study, the prevalence of additional positive lymph nodes in subsequent complete lymphadenectomy specimens for patients with early-stage melanoma of the head and neck, after positive sentinel lymphadenectomy results, was retrospectively analyzed. In the past 5 years at the authors' institution, 23 consecutive patients with clinical stage I or stage II melanoma of the head and neck underwent complete lymphadenectomies after positive sentinel lymph node biopsies and wide local excisions of the primary lesions. Sentinel lymph nodes were identified with intraoperative lymphatic mapping techniques (radiolymphoscintigraphy and vital blue dye injection) and were examined with routine histological methods and immunohistochemical staining for S-100. All lymph nodes harvested in complete lymphadenectomies were examined with routine histological techniques. Twenty-one patients (91.3 percent) demonstrated no additional positive lymph nodes in subsequent complete lymphadenectomy specimens; two patients (8.7 percent) each demonstrated one additional positive lymph node in the complete lymphadenectomy specimens. Both patients had ulcerated primary lesions more than 5 mm in depth. No patient developed a regional nodal recurrence during a mean follow-up period of 23.7 months (range, 2 to 56 months). The low prevalence of additional positive lymph nodes in complete lymphadenectomy specimens suggests that when microscopic metastases exist in the regional nodal basin, most of the time they are confined to the sentinel lymph nodes of patients with early-stage melanoma of the head and neck. Nevertheless, the question of whether subsequent complete lymphadenectomy is still necessary for this subgroup of patients warrants further study.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Effect of platelet activating factor and its antagonist on the mucociliary clearance of the eustachian tube in guinea pigs.

The purpose of this study was to test whether platelet activating factor (PAF) impairs the mucociliary clearance function of the eustachian tube (ET) in a dose-dependent manner and whether PAF antagonist can prevent the impairment of mucociliary function of the ET induced by PAF. Coomassie brilliant blue dye transport time (DTT) in normal guinea pigs was 69 seconds. The DTTs after the application of normal saline and PAF at I and 2 microg/mL into bullae were 66, 74, and 157 seconds. The time was over 15 minutes when 4, 8, and 16 microg/mL of PAF were applied. The DTT was 62 seconds when the animals were pretreated with PAF antagonist (WEB 2170). There were significant delays of the DTTs after treatment with 2, 4, 8, and 16 microg/mL of PAF. Histopathologic examination of ETs from groups with a significant delay in DTTs showed intact cilia, mucous plugs, increased inflammatory cells, and exfoliation of cells. This study demonstrated that PAF impaired the mucociliary clearance function of the ET in a dose-dependent manner. This impairment of mucociliary clearance function was prevented by pretreatment with PAF antagonist. The findings of the study suggest that PAF plays an important role in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion by impairing the ET clearance function.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Ex vivo sentinel lymph node biopsy in colorectal cancer: a feasibility study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy may improve staging of colorectal cancer. We tested the feasibility of ex vivo SLN dissection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients undergoing resection of a primary colorectal cancer were included in this study. SLN identification involved ex vivo injection of 1 cc isosulfan blue dye subserosally in the colon or submucosally in the rectum on a separate field. SLNs were cut at 2 mm intervals. Three hematoxylin and eosin-stained (HE) sections were prepared in addition to a middle level for cytokeratin immunostaining. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients with varying tumor location and stage were enrolled and the SLN was identified in 88% (23/26) cases. Three failures occurred in patients with rectal cancer. The average number of SLN harvested was 2.5. The status of the nodal basin was accurately predicted in 91% (21/23) of patients. Two false negative sentinel lymph nodes were harvested in 2 of 3 patients with stage III/IV colorectal cancer. The SLN upstaged 2 patients as a result of HE stained step sections (n = 1) and immunostaining (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: This data suggests that ex vivo SLN biopsy is feasible in colorectal cancer. Although ex vivo SLN biopsy does not alter the lymphatic dissection, it may upstage a subset of patients. The ex vivo technique may be less applicable in rectal cancer and false negative results may occur.

Colonic Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A new method for stoichiometric analysis of proteins in complex mixture--reevaluation of the stoichiometry of E. coli ribosomal proteins.

A novel way is presented for determination of the stoichiometry of ribosomal proteins in the ribosome. The 70S E. coli r-proteins, completely separated on a two-dimensional gel system, were used throughout our experiments. The method is based on our previous observation that the amount of Coomassie R bound to a protein molecule is directly proportional to the number of positive charges on that protein. By plotting the amount of bound Coomassie as a function of the number of positive charges of each r-protein, and relating the experimental amount of the dye bound to each r-protein to the value obtained from the linear regression line based on all (a total of some 50 proteins), one can obtain the molar concentration of every protein in the ribosome. A parallel experiment can be carried out, which relates the radioactivity contributed by 3H-labeled amino acid in each r-protein to its amino acid content in that molecule. The two sets of data, which are completely independent of each other, are well correlated. Further verification of the validity of our procedure is provided by the fact that we found the known proportions of four copies of L7/L12 and one copy of S6 per ribosome. The rationale behind the present study was our finding that recalculation of Hardy's data (Hardy, S.J.S. (1975) Mol. Gen. Genet. 140, 253-274), with the accurate molecular weight value of the r-proteins provided by Giri et al. (Adv. Protein Chem. (1984) 36, 1-78), raises some doubt with regard to his experimental results, although we agree with his final conclusion that E. coli ribosome is homogeneous with respect to its proteins.

Bacterial Proteins↗