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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Digital radiography in young children. Considerations based on experiences in practice].

In dentistry, digital radiology techniques, such as a charge-coupled device and a storage phosphor plate, are gaining popularity. It was the objective of this study to assess the importance of the advantages and disadvantages of digital radiology techniques for bitewing radiography in young children, when compared to conventional film. A group of dentists received a questionnaire regarding their experiences with digital radiology techniques or conventional films among young children. Using the Simple Multi-Attributive Rating Technique (SMART) a final weighted score was calculated for the charge-coupled device, the phosphor plate, and conventional film. The scores were 7.40, 7.38, and 6.98 respectively. The differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.47). It could be concluded that, on the basis of experiences in practice, there are no statistically significant preferences for the use of digital radioogy techniques for bitewing radiography in young children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[A case of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis on the bone image of dual-energy subtraction radiography].

A 33-year-old female was evaluated for abnormality of her chest roentgenogram which showed diffuse fine granular micronodulation in the lower two thirds of both lung fields. The bone image (soft tissue cancelled image) of dual-energy subtraction radiography obtained with Fuji Computed Radiography (FCR) demonstrated that the abnormal shadows were characterized by calcified deposits.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Single exposure energy subtraction chest radiography--clinical survey on utility of bone image].

The authors undertook a clinical study to determine the values and limitations of soft tissue subtracted image by dual-energy digital radiography. 573 patients were examined by dual-energy subtraction with a single exposure using computed radiography. Soft tissue subtracted image were found informative in 37 patients (6.5%) compared with non-subtraction image. It provided useful information about demonstrating calcification in pulmonary nodules, assessing the presence or absence of rib lesions, and excluding the possibility of pulmonary nodules.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

A multimodal unit for comprehensive dento-maxillofacial radiography.

Using the Scanora radiography unit, most radiographic examinations in the dento-maxillofacial region can be rapidly performed to produce exceptionally high quality images. The Scanora unit uses the principles of narrow beam radiography and spiral tomography. Starting with a panoramic overview as a scout image, a large number of dental and maxillofacial imaging procedures and projections can be selected, all of which are computer controlled and automatically executed. The authors provide examples from their experience with over 10,000 patients and more than 30,000 examinations.

Facial Bones↗
PubMed1996

[Clinical evaluation of single-exposure dual-energy subtraction chest radiography: with FCR 9501 ES].

Using the one-shot energy subtraction method, we took chest radiography of 1,031 outpatients of Kanazawa University Hospital. Chest radiographs were taken with the FCR 9501 ES system, with patients upright. We studied the clinical efficacy of this diagnostic method. The method and usage procedures involved have been sufficiently technologically refined to permit handling of an adequate number of patients in a reasonable time at a permissible exposure dose. However, the system can be further improved technologically in order to obtain fully consistent high-quality images, regardless of the patient's physique. For well-rounded image reading, three kinds of images must be generated simultaneously: an original image; soft tissue (bone subtracted image) and bone (soft tissue subtracted image) Some soft tissue image were helpful for detecting non-calcified parenchymal nodules that overlapped the rib shadow, and some bone image served to precisely diagnose the existence of abnormal ribs, calcified lymph nodes, and calcified nodules. Furthermore, the bone images were helpful for revealing that the fine infiltrative shadows in the lung fields in original images were actually pleural calcifications and that the poorly defined nodular opacities were, in reality, abnormal rib calcifications. In light of the above, we wish to stress the importance of clinical efficacy of not only soft tissue images but bone images derived using the energy subtraction method. The clinical usefulness of this method was confirmed in 66 of 1,031 patients (6.4%) who had initially been scheduled for routine chest radiography. This result indicates how frequently the method encounters applicable cases when applied non-selectively to general patients who require radiographic chest examination. The advantages of this method will become much more evident with an examination protocol that minimizes unnecessary special examinations or optimizes the balance between screening and special examinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Estimated skin exposure as an indicator for comparing radiovisiography (RVG) versus conventional Ektaspeed Plus dental radiography.

An Everest 3000 Radiovisiography (RVG) Video system (Trophy USA Inc., Fredericksburg, VA 22402) was compared with conventional radiography using Ektaspeed Plus film (Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, NY 14650). Previous studies of the RVG system with a special computer controlled x-ray timer (Trophy USA, Inc.) claimed a significant reduction in radiation. Trophy has also claimed that the RVG system can provide diagnostic quality images utilizing existing conventional x-ray generators. This study used a conventional timer and generator. Since it would be logical to assume that many practitioners would use the equipment "in place" rather than invest in new, unfamiliar equipment. Estimated Skin Exposure (air) was used as the primary criteria for comparative purposes. Exposure has been defined as "a measure of radiation quantity, the capacity of ionize air. The roentgen (R), is the traditional unit of radiation exposure measured in air"; The results indicate that the RVG system when combined with a standard conventional timer actually generated greater radiation exposure than does standard, routine radiography.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed2005

Incidental vertebral fractures discovered with chest radiography in the emergency department: prevalence, recognition, and osteoporosis management in a cohort of elderly patients.

BACKGROUND: Vertebral fractures are common and usually an indication for osteoporosis treatment. However, screening is not recommended, and many fractures go undetected. Our objectives were to determine the utility of chest radiographs for detecting previously unrecognized vertebral fractures; document rates of recognition; and evaluate osteoporosis treatments. METHODS: In 2001, we conducted a cohort study in a random sample of 500 patients older than 60 years who presented to our emergency department and underwent chest radiography for any indication. The primary outcome was prevalence of moderate-to-severe vertebral fractures determined by independent radiograph review using validated semiquantitative techniques. Secondary outcomes were rates of fracture recognition according to official radiologists' reports and rates of osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment. We conducted multivariable regression analyses to determine correlates of study-defined and officially reported fractures. RESULTS: We excluded 36 patients with inadequate radiographs and 5 for other reasons. Mean age was 75.2 years; 47% were women; and 80% were white. The prevalence of moderate-to-severe vertebral fractures according to independent review was 72 (16%) of 459; 29 (40%) of these fractures were not recorded in the official radiologists' report (kappa = 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-0.75). A history of osteoporosis was the only independent correlate of having a vertebral fracture identified by independent review (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.18; 95% CI, 1.14-4.17) or by official report (adjusted OR, 4.97; 95% CI, 0.95-25.86). Of the 72 patients with fractures, only 18 (25%) had histories of osteoporosis or received osteoporosis medications. CONCLUSIONS: One in 6 elderly patients who underwent chest radiography in our emergency department had clinically important vertebral fractures. Nevertheless, only 43 (60%) of these fractures were reported, and only 25% of patients with fractures received a diagnosis of or treatment for osteoporosis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1981

Noninvasive evaluation of mediastinal metastases in bronchogenic carcinoma: a prospective comparison of chest radiography and gallium-67 scanning.

Evaluation of regional node involvement in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma is a crucial step in determining therapy and prognosis. Mediastinoscopy has been recommended for staging all potentially operable cases, but technical limitations and the need for anesthesia make this impractical. Gallium-67 scanning and chest radiography were prospectively compared as noninvasive means of evaluating spread to regional nodes in 75 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma in whom histologic evaluation of hilar and mediastinal nodes was performed. Gallium scanning was more accurate than chest radiography in assessing regional nodes (overall accuracy 85.3% vs. 56%, P less than 0.05). When positive, both procedures correctly indicate malignant involvement of regional nodes (85% vs. 87.3%). A negative gallium scan, however, was significantly more accurate in predicting the absence of such involvement (80% vs. 40%, P less than 0.01). Gallium scanning appears to be a reliable, noninvasive means of assessing mediastinal spread of bronchogenic carcinoma and when used in conjunction with radiographic findings, allows selection of appropriate patients for surgical staging procedures.

False Negative Reactions↗
PubMed1984

Chemotherapy port "Twiddler's syndrome". A need for preinjection radiography.

Potentially serious extravasation of vincristine occurred when a chemotherapy port, inadvertently withdrawn from the subclavian vein by the patient, was injected. Plain radiography suggested withdrawal of port tubing which was later proven by contrast injection. The need for awareness of possible patient manipulation of their indwelling ports and routine preinjection radiography is suggested.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Documenting damage progression in a two-year longitudinal study of rheumatoid arthritis patients with established disease (the DAMAGE study cohort): is there an advantage in the use of magnetic resonance imaging as compared with plain radiography?

OBJECTIVE: In early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), longitudinal studies have demonstrated that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more sensitive than radiography in demonstrating progressive erosive joint damage. The present study evaluated the progression of erosive damage in patients with established RA by using limited field of view MRI and comparing the results with those obtained by radiography. METHODS: MRI and radiographic studies were available from 47 of 60 patients enrolled in a 2-year RA observational study. MRI of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints was performed at baseline and 2 years later, and a single observer scored all of the MR images with the use of an MRI scoring method developed by the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology Clinical Trials MRI RA study group. MR images from 14 patients were reread by the same observer after 1 week to assess intraobserver reliability. Radiographs were obtained at baseline and at 2 years, and were scored by an observer using the Scott modification of the Larsen score. Radiographs from 14 patients were reread after 1 week to assess the intraobserver reliability. The smallest detectable difference (SDD) was calculated for the MRI scores, the total Larsen scores, and the Larsen scores of the dominant-hand MCP joints (MCPs 2-5) for direct comparison with the MRI results. RESULTS: The median disease duration was 5.1 years (range 0.5-29 years). Evidence of erosion progression was identified by MRI in 30 patients (64%). The SDD based on the intraobserver scores was calculated as +/-3.25 units. Using this result, 11 patients (23%) showed evidence of erosion progression on MRI that was greater than the SDD. The SDD for progression based on the intraobserver total Larsen radiographic scores was 0.77 units, and the SDD for the Larsen scores of the dominant-hand MCP joints was 1.55 units. On the basis of these results, radiographic progression was noted in 19 patients (40%) by the total Larsen score and 7 patients (15%) by the dominant-hand MCP Larsen score. The most striking finding was that although MRI and radiograph scores identified a similar group of patients as having progression of joint damage, the radiographs of both hands appeared to be more responsive to change, albeit with the caveat that radiographic progression was most marked outside the dominant-hand MCP joints. CONCLUSION: There was no clear advantage of MRI with a limited field of view as compared with radiographic imaging of both hands in detecting progression of joint damage over 2 years in this group of patients with established RA. The conclusion drawn from this study is not that radiographs are better than MRI or vice versa, but that careful analysis is required to determine the optimal imaging method, or combination of imaging methods, for each study population, depending on the objective and duration of the study.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1981

Microfocal radiography in the quantitative assessment of experimentally induced inflammatory arthritis in guinea-pigs.

Microfocal projection radiography was used to examine a new model of experimentally induced inflammatory arthritis, developed at Roche Projects Ltd. The high resolution and magnification of the stereoprojection radiographs provided a non-destructive and three-dimensional assessment of the changes in the arthritic knee joints and enabled direct measurements to be made from the radiographs. During the time course study it was possible to quantify the increase in the size of the suprapatella bursa in the early stages of the inflammatory process, the onset and development of erosions in the articular bones and both juxta-articular and systemic osteoporosis. The results of the quantitative radiographic study when compared with standard arthritis assay techniques of knee diameter and flexion showed maximum damage when the latter were near normal. Histology confirmed the radiographic results, although, alone it did not contribute substantially to the assessment of the changes occurring in the diseased joints. The measurements from the projection radiographs showed that the destruction of the articular bone progressed rapidly subsequent to subperiosteal erosions and consequent invasion of pannus into the epiphyses. The rate and degree to which articular bone was destroyed was independent of the extent to which juxta-articular and systemic osteoporosis had developed. Microfocal projection radiography has considerable advantages over any other method in quantifying the changes in arthritic joints for evaluating the pathogenesis of the arthritis and in screening different compounds.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A method of stereotaxic localization adopted for conventional and digital radiography.

A method for the determination of stereotaxic coordinates in radiography, e.g. angiography, pneumoencephalography or digital vascular radiography, is described. A special localization frame containing radiopaque structures and scales defines a diagnostic coordinate system. This frame is fixed to the X-ray-table prior to the radiographic procedure and two projections are obtained at arbitrary angles to each other. The focus-film distances do not how to be fixed. The target coordinates are then determined either by a simple graphical procedure or with the use of a digitizing x-y-table, by a computer. With the computer method the films are placed on the digitizing table and the target and a few reference points are marked using a cursor. From the relative positions the computer calculates the coordinates. With the special head fixation system, coordinates of structures visualized in radiographic examinations can be transferred to various therapeutic or diagnostic stereotaxic devices.

Angiography↗
PubMed1983

Gonadal dose reduction in lumbar spine radiography.

Different ways to minimize the gonadal dose in lumbar spine radiography have been studied. Two hundred and fifty lumbar spine radiographs were reviewed to assess the clinical need for lateral L5/S1 projection. Modern film/screen combinations and gonadal shielding of externally scattered radiation play a major role in the reduction of the genetic dose. The number of exposures should be minimized. Our results show that two projections, anteroposterior (AP) and lateral, appear to be sufficient in routine radiography of the lumbar spine.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Clinical use of a gadolinium filter in pediatric radiography.

Patient exposure is an important consideration in pediatric radiography. Gadolinium filtration can be used to reduce exposure while maintaining contrast. Matched sets of pediatric radiographs were produced using aluminum and gadolinium filtration. In almost all cases, no difference or only a minimal difference in diagnostic quality was judged to be present. Patient exposure can be reduced up to a factor of 2 using a gadolinium filter, despite doubling the product of tube current and exposure time (mAs). Because images of comparable diagnostic quality can be produced using gadolinium filtration, with a reduction in radiation exposure to the patient, its use is recommended in pediatric radiography.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1985

New computed radiography using scanning laser stimulated luminescence.

This short paper summarizes the basic concept and the technology of a new computed radiographic system which uses an energy-storage phosphorus panel called "Imaging Plate" as an image sensor. The "Imaging Plate" can be used to obtain radiographs in exactly the same way as the screen-film combination is used in conventional radiography. The system eliminates the drawbacks of conventional screen-film radiography by combining digital image processing and digitization of the x-ray energy pattern utilizing scanning laser stimulated luminescence.

Analog-Digital Conversion↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of three effervescent agents for double-contrast upper gastrointestinal radiography.

The agent used to introduce gas into the stomach is an important factor in determining the quality of double-contrast upper gastrointestinal radiography. The efficacy of 3 effervescent agents formulated for use in double-contract upper gastrointestinal radiography was evaluated in 300 patients. Patients found 2 granular preparations (E-Z-Gas granules and Baros) easier to swallow than a powdered agent (E-Z-Gas powder). Bubble formation and flocculation of barium in the stomach were less of a problem with Baros. Differences in mucosal coating and visualization of area gastricae were not statistically significant.

Bicarbonates↗
PubMed1995

Evaluation of arthritis in Reiter's disease by bone scintigraphy and radiography.

Tc-99m MDP bone scans were used to evaluate the articular inflammation in 38 patients with Reiter's disease and compared with clinical examination and radiologic findings. Our data showed that Reiter's disease predominantly involves the lower limbs, especially the heels, which may be a characteristic feature of Reiter's disease. Bone scans revealed a high diagnostic sensitivity in the detection of clinical arthritis in all peripheral joints, especially in the small joints of the four limbs. The diagnostic sensitivity of radiography was generally lower than bone scintigraphy. In the presence of positive radionuclide findings, clinical arthritis was found in most joints. The scintigram, however, detects a greater number of abnormalities than does clinical assessment in the sternoclavicular joints, shoulders, metacarpophalangeal joints, and tarsals. Because of its high sensitivity, bone scintigraphy is capable of detecting subclinical arthritis, and might provide more objective evidence of early inflammatory joint disease and additional information regarding the pattern of joint involvement. In view of the advantages of low patient radiation exposure, high sensitivity, and the ability to survey the whole body, we consider bone scintigraphy as useful and better than radiography in the detection of early articular inflammation and in establishing the extent and pattern of arthritis in Reiter's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

How accurate is chest radiography in the diagnosis of tracheobronchial foreign bodies in children?

The radiographic and endoscopic findings of 83 consecutive patients with suspected foreign body (FB) inhalation into the tracheobronchial tree were compared and the accuracy of chest radiography was estimated. Typical radiologic signs of FB aspiration, such as localized air trapping, atelectasis and infection occurred on radiographs of patients with and without FB. Twenty-four percent of patients with endoscopically verified FB had no abnormalities on chest radiography. In an analysis of radiographs of 83 consecutive patients, in which the prevalence of FB aspiration was 41%, the diagnostic accuracy was 67%, sensitivity 68% and specificity 67%. Plain film radiology alone is not a sufficiently sensitive nor specific method for the diagnosis of FB aspiration.

Bronchi↗