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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Spirometric standards from 387 healthy New Zealand children.

Vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were measured in 387 healthy European and 16 non-European children aged from five to 11 years. These measurements were correlated with height, sitting height, arm span, weight, lean weight and age in various combinations. Suitable linear regression equations are presented from which these lung volumes may be predicted with confidence limits down to approximately +/- 400 ml and +/- 200 ml respectively.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

An Auckland high school health survey.

To assess the importance of racial and socio-economic factors on the health of teenagers attending an Auckland High School a full clinical examination was conducted. The socio-economic status of the four major racial groups, European, Maori, Pacific Island Polynesian and Asian was relatively constant and predominantly from Social Classes 4 and 5. The pattern of health in each group was not significantly different between races with the exception of a high incidence of scabies and impetigo among the Maori and Pacific Island Polynesians. These skin infections were possibly related to a significant degree of overcrowding that was found in this group where 21 to 29% of the families had five or more children under 15 years of age in the one house. Dental caries was commoner among Maori teenagers. These findings are in accord with the hypothesis that health differences between races are a reflection of socio-economic factors rather than due to any intrinsic differences in susceptibility to disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

The maximal expiratory flow/volume curve in 197 healthy New Zealanders: a comparison with recent American standards.

Maximal expiratory flow/volume curves were recorded from 155 healthy, non-smoking Europeans aged seven to 71 yr and 42 Polynesian children aged nine to 11 yr. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1), FEV1/FVC, peak expiratory flow (PEF) and flow at 50 and 25% of FVC (V50 and V25) were compared with the predictions made from the equations of Schoenberg, Beck and Bouhuys, describing healthy people in Connecticut, USA. In general the equations described our subjects well; the small but significant discrepancies may reflect either technical factors or possibly a true difference in populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Cultural safety--what does it mean for our work practice?

Culturally safe service delivery is critical in enhancing personal empowerment and, as a result, should promote more effective and meaningful pathways to self determination for Indigenous people. Little has been said about encouraging people from Indigenous groups into the health and education discipline(s) to help provide a safe environment which includes cultural safety. This is a phrase originally coined by Maori nurses which means that there is no assault on a person's identity. The people most able or equipped to provide a culturally safe atmosphere are people from the same culture. We need to move on from the 'short term, cost effective, quick fix' approach to Indigenous issues, driven by economic imperatives, the clamouring of industry and conservative, hegemonic practices. To genuinely address the challenges of Indigenous health and education, the issue of cultural safety cannot be avoided. Critical reflection on experiential knowledge and defining or framing a debate on cultural safety is essential. This paper briefly examines some considerations for work practice.

Cultural Characteristics↗
PubMed1994

The genetic affinity of Polynesians: evidence from Y chromosome polymorphisms.

Y-linked polymorphisms were studied in a sample of 60 Polynesians, and results were compared with findings from studies on other major population groups. Three previously unreported 49a/TaqI haplotypes were observed, two of which possess a new polymorphic fragment named I2. Frequency data for the 49a/TaqI, XY275, pDP31 and Y Alu polymorphisms indicate that Polynesians have greater affinity to Caucasoids than to African populations. Similar population frequency trends were not observed for the p21A1/TaqI polymorphism, supporting the hypothesis that this polymorphism has arisen more than once.

Black People↗
PubMed2006

Genetic change in the polynesian population of Easter Island: evidence from Alu insertion polymorphisms.

The origin of Pacific islanders is still an open issue in human population genetics. To address this topic we analyzed a set of 18 Alu insertion polymorphisms in a total of 176 chromosomes from native Easter Island inhabitants (Rapanui). Available genealogical records allowed us to subdivide the total island sample into two groups, representative of the native population living in the island around 1900, and another formed by individuals with some ancestors of non-Rapanui origin. Significant genetic differentiation was found between these groups, allowing us to make some biodemographic and historical inferences about the origin and evolution of this geographically isolated island population. Our data are consistent with equivalent and recent contributions from Amerindian and European migrants to the 1900s Rapanui population, with an accelerated increase in the European gene flow during the 20(th) century, especially since the 1960s. Comparative analysis of our results with other available Alu variation data on neighbouring populations supports the "Voyaging Corridor" model of Polynesian human settlement, which indicates that pre-Polynesians are mainly derived from Southeast Asian and Wallacean populations rather than from Taiwan or the Philippines. This study underlines the importance of sampling and taking into account historical information in genetic studies to unravel the recent evolution of human populations.

Alu Elements↗
PubMed1981

Ethnic considerations in ultrasonic scanning of fetal biparietal diameters.

Biparietal diameters (BPD) were determined by ultrasonography on 86 Caucasians and 107 Polynesians at different gestations. Analysis of variance showed a highly significant (p less than 0.01) difference between groups. At any gestational age, Polynesian fetuses had BPDs 1.89 mm greater than Caucasian fetuses and this fact must be taken into consideration when a single measured value of BPD is being used in the estimation of gestational age. In areas where the obstetrical population comprises different ethnic groups, there is a need for establishing local reference tables by race.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1992

Racial variation in serum uric acid concentration in pregnancy: a comparison between European, New Zealand Maori and Polynesian women.

A prospective study was undertaken to measure serum uric acid levels in normal pregnant women of different races, to ascertain if there was any significant interracial variation. A total of 48 women were studied of which 13 were European, 11 New Zealand Maori, 22 Pacific Islanders and 2 Indian. In the second trimester, European, Maori and Cook Island women had similar uric acid levels and other Polynesian groups showed significantly higher levels. In the third trimester, both Maori and Cook Island women showed a marked rise so that their levels came to equal those of other Polynesian groups, all 3 having significantly higher levels than European women. The importance of these observations relates to the use of uric acid levels in the management of patients with gestational proteinuric hypertension. It is possible that in these cases unusually high results may alarm the clinician into hasty intervention.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Determinants of birth-weight in women with established and gestational diabetes.

Increased birth-weight (macrosomia) can complicate the diabetic pregnancy, but many factors other than hyperglycaemia can influence birth-weight, in particular maternal obesity. In a mixed population (European, Maori and Pacific Islander) with a high prevalence of glucose intolerance and obesity we have examined the relative impact of various maternal factors on birth-weight in women with both established and gestational diabetes. Mean birth-weight was significantly greater in women with established or gestational diabetes than in controls (p < 0.0001), but was similar in women with gestational and established diabetes, despite glycaemic control being significantly poorer (p < 0.0001) in the latter. Birth-weight closely paralleled prepregnancy body mass index rather than glycaemic control, but in Maori women it was lower than expected, probably because of their high prevalence of smoking. Daily cigarette consumption was negatively correlated with birth-weight (p < 0.01) despite the smokers having significantly poorer glycaemic control (p < 0.001). The most significant variables influencing birth-weight in the diabetic pregnancy were gestational age at delivery, prepregnancy body mass index, maternal height, estimated weight gain during pregnancy, the presence of hypertension and cigarette smoking (the latter 2 having negative effects on birth-weight). Glycaemic control in the last half of pregnancy was not significant in this analysis. We conclude that within the limits of glycaemic control which we obtained, birth-weight was largely determined by maternal factors other than hyperglycaemia. Birth-weight thus has severe limitations as an outcome measure of the diabetic pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

What happens to women with preeclampsia? Microalbuminuria and hypertension following preeclampsia.

There is little published data on the incidence of remote hypertension, microalbuminuria (a possible marker of remote cardiovascular events) and diabetes following preeclampsia. This is of particular importance in Pacific Island populations as they have a high rate of preeclampsia, non-insulin dependent diabetes and cardiovascular related deaths. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of microalbuminuria and hypertension in 50 Samoan women with past preeclampsia (cases) with 50 Samoan women who did not have past preeclampsia (controls). Forty per cent of cases were hypertensive at follow-up compared to 2% in the control group (p < 0.0001). Microalbuminuria or proteinuria occurred in 40% of women with past preeclampsia and 18% of controls (p < 0.02). Half of the cases with microalbuminuria were hypertensive. No case or control had an elevated fructosamine, suggesting that current diabetes was an unlikely explanation for the microalbuminuria. We conclude that Samoan women with past preeclampsia are at increased risk of developing chronic hypertension and microalbuminuria. The significance of the microalbuminuria after preeclampsia is not known, but it may be a marker of either remote cardiovascular morbidity or non-insulin dependent diabetes. This study raises longterm health implications for women with preeclampsia.

Adult↗