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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Positive patch test reactions to allergens of the dental series and the relation to the clinical presentations.

The clinical manifestations of contact allergic dermatitis to dental materials are not uniform. This study was performed to detect the frequent allergens in the dental series associated with contact dermatitis and to define the causal relationship between the different allergens and the relevant clinical presentations. Between the years 2000 and 2004, 134 patients, aged 20-80 years, were patch tested. 121 patients were included in the study. The most frequent oral manifestations were cheilitis and perioral dermatitis (25.6%), burning mouth (15.7%), lichenoid reaction (14.0%), and orofacial granulomatosis (10.7%). 18 (14.9%) patients were dental personnel, all of whom suffered from hand dermatitis. The common allergens detected included goldsodiumthiosulphate (14.0%), nickel sulfate (13.2%), mercury (9.9%), palladium chloride (7.4%), cobalt chloride (5.0%), and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (5.8%). Positive reactions to metals were frequent in all the different clinical variants, and no specific association between a specific clinical presentation and a particular allergen was found. Allergy to mercury was not a significant factor contributing to the pathogenesis of oral lichenoid reactions. However, a strong association with contact allergy to mercury in dental fillings was found in 2 patients with orofacial granulomatosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Patch test sensitivity to the preservative Kathon CG in Spain.

Kathon CG is a very well studied preservative used in cosmetics and toiletries. It is effective in low concentrations (3 to 15 ppm active ingredients) and exhibits outstanding antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, yeasts and fungi. Although this biocide is not considered to pose a toxicological hazard at recommended use levels, the sensitizing potential of Kathon CG has been established. From November 1988 to June 1989, we patch tested 626 unselected contact dermatitis patients with Kathon CG solution containing 200 ppm active ingredients and obtained 22 (3.5%) positive reactions. Relevance was established in 7 of the 22 patients. Women were predominantly sensitized, the principal source of sensitization being cosmetics.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reduced levels of glutathione S-transferases in patch test reactions to dithranol and sodium lauryl sulphate as demonstrated by quantitative immunocytochemistry: evidence for oxidative stress in acute irritant contact dermatitis.

There is increasing evidence that oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of acute irritant contact dermatitis. As part of on-going studies into the effect of irritant chemicals on the anti-oxidant enzyme systems in the skin, we have examined the changing levels of two classes of glutathione S-transferase in patch test reactions to dithranol and sodium lauryl sulphate, using quantitative immunocytochemistry. Although no changes were evident after 6 hrs, significant reductions in the density of staining for glutathione S-transferase alpha were seen with both irritants after 48 hrs and 96 hrs. Glutathione S-transferase pi levels were reduced to a lesser degree, reaching significance for dithranol at the 96 hrs time point only, and for sodium lauryl sulphate at 48 hrs only. The results support the hypothesis that oxidative stress plays a role in chemically-induced inflammation, not only in the case of irritants such as dithranol which are known to directly generate reactive oxygen species, but also with chemicals not generally associated with free radical generation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Histological differences between irritant and allergic patch test reactions in man.

The results of a study of the histological aspects of the application of DNCB on the skin of unsensitized and sensitized persons are discussed. The nature of the histological changes in primary irritant and allergic reactions to DNCB in human skin appeared to be identical. The differences appeared to be primarily of a quantitative character. It is furthermore concluded from data in the literature that the skin of some persons may react with a primary irritant reaction to concentrations of a compound thought to cause only allergic reactions. In these persons histological examination of the patch test result may give insufficient clues as to the nature of the reaction. The practical consequences of the data presented are discussed.

Allergens↗
PubMed1993

An arm immersion model of compromised skin (II). Influence on minimal eliciting patch test concentrations of nickel.

The transition metal nickel is a very common cause of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). In the general population, adults with hand eczema have a high incidence of allergy to nickel, and nickel allergy is high in occupational dermatoses and is often linked to wet work. Nickel may be found as a trace contaminant in some consumer products, e.g., household cleaning agents. It has therefore been debated whether these levels, whilst not a primary cause, might be sufficient to maintain ACD. The minimal concentration of nickel in patch tests on normal skin that will elicit an allergic reaction in highly sensitised subjects is 1-10 ppm. This trial assessed whether reactivity to nickel was altered on compromised dorsal forearm skin and compared this to normal skin on the contralateral dorsal forearm and on the back. Skin damage consequent upon arm immersion in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) greatly enhanced reactivity to nickel on the forearm, with the dorsal aspect reacting most both in number of reactions at each concentration and in the minimal eliciting concentration, which was 0.5 ppm in 2/20 under the conditions of a 48 h occluded patch.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Stability of corticosteroid patch test preparations.

This study investigated the stability of tixocortol pivalate, budesonide, and hydrocortisone-17-butyrate (Hc-17-B) when present in a mix with petrolatum and when the corticosteroids were kept separately in petrolatum. The concentrations chosen for the corticosteroids were the same as those used in a study within the European Environmental Contact Dermatitis Research Group (EECDRG), in which 2 corticosteroid mixes (1 with a high concentration and 1 with a low concentration) and the 3 individual constituents, each at 2 concentrations, were patch tested. Ethanolic solutions of each corticosteroid, as well as 2 mixtures of these 3 corticosteroids, were also made up at corresponding concentrations. The preparations were kept at room temperature, refrigerated, and deep frozen, and repeatedly for 1 year, investigations to check stability by high performance liquid chromatography were carried out. A decrease of < or =20% of the initial value at time 0 was used as the threshold for stability. The petrolatum preparations and the ethanolic solutions of budesonide and tixocortol pivalate were stable for at least the whole investigative period, irrespective of storage conditions, while Hc-17-B 1.0% in ethanol kept deep frozen was stable at least during the same period. The latter corticosteroid when kept at room temperature was stable for 3 months only.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

Orthopedic prostheses: is there any point in patch testing?

The aging of our population and the availability of new medical technologies have contributed to tremendous growth in the number of patients with implanted orthopedic and other devices. As experts on contact dermatitis, we are periodically asked to evaluate patients who have a history of metal allergy prior to surgery. We are sometimes faced with patients who have experienced complications after implant surgery or (more rarely) who have developed skin disease temporally related to surgery. To address these controversial issues, we asked three experts to discuss the role of patch testing in regard to patients with orthopedic implants. Mark D.P. Davis, MD, is an Associate Professor in the Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; Christen M. Mowad, MD, is Assistant Professor of Dermatology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA; and Pamela Scheinman, MD, is Director of the Contact Dermatitis and Occupational Dermatology Unit and Assistant Professor of Dermatology, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA.

Allergens↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of patch test results with denture material series.

791 patients, among them 59 dental technicians and 732 other patients, were tested with the denture material series (DMS) recommended by the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) in the hospitals of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) between January 1990 and July 1993. Most frequently, positive reactions occurred to cadmium chloride in both groups. However, there was no evidence at all for relevance of these reactions. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) ranked 2nd in patch test positivity. Although not statistically significant, reactions were more frequent in dental technicians, who might be exposed to BPO the in working environment. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) were common sensitizers in dental technicians but not in other patients. This finding, too, has its explanation in the working process of manufacturing dental prostheses.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

A patch test study of 27 crude drugs commonly used in Chinese topical medicaments.

Chinese topical medicaments (CTMs) are commonly used in Taiwan and in Southeast Asia. However, a systematic evaluation of contact sensitization potential from CTM has not been carried out to our knowledge. This study was undertaken to investigate the incidence of contact sensitivity to the components of CTM in patients with contact dermatitis from CTM. A screening series of 27 crude drugs most commonly used in CTM as well as a modified European standard series was patch tested in 30 patients. The herbs with the most frequent positive reactions were Flos Caryophylli (see text), Radix Angelicae Pubescentis (see text), Cortex Cinnamomi (see text), Cortex Radix Acanthopanacis (see text), Caulis Impatientis (see text), Resina Draconis/Sanguis Draconis (see text), Fructus Cnidii (see text), Radix Gentiana Macrophyllae (see text), and Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong (see text). Concomitant allergy to colophonium was found in most of these positive reactions. Reducing the concentration and simplifying the compositions of these components, as well as replacement with those of low allergenicity in CTM, such as Rhizoma Arisaematis (see text), Herba Lycopodii (see text), Radix Cyathulae Officinalis (see text), Rhizoma Pinelliae (see text), Radix Angelicae Dahuricae (see text), Herba Dendrobii (see text), Secretio Moschus (see text), and Stigmata Croci (see text), may be advocated. A precise labelling of the dosage of each component and the exact chemical compounds in CTM products could further improve the safety and therapeutic effects of CTM in the future.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2001

Commercial availability of a house dust mite patch test.

The house dust mite long has been studied for its potential role in atopic dermatitis. Its part in the pathogenesis of asthma and allergic rhinitis has been studied and is accepted. Testing for the dust mite allergen in this arena is performed with radioallergosorbent tests (RASTs) and prick testing. For several reasons, including the lack of a standardized testing tool, the difficulty in removing dust from the environment and the lack of association of dust and skin disease by patients, the role of the house dust mite in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and skin disease has been questioned. Chemotechnique Diagnostics (Malmo, Sweden) now provides a standardized dust mite allergen in petrolatum in 2 concentrations. Dermatophagoides mix is a 50:50 mix of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae at concentrations of 20% and 30%. The availability of a standardized patch test allergen for the house dust mite provides a better tool to investigate the role of this allergen as a contactant.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Drug-induced eosinophilia and multisystemic failure with positive patch-test reaction to spironolactone: DRESS syndrome.

We report the case of a 58-year-old man who suffered from a generalized and intolerable itching one month after starting treatment with colchicine, amiodarone, perindopril, allopurinol and spironolactone. From the start of treatment he had progressively developed erythroderma, fever, anorexia and prostration, oedema of both hands and face, hypereosinophilia (42%; 5810 eosinophils/mm3), hepatic failure (including cholestatic jaundice, cytolysis, coagulation abnormalities and hypoproteinaemia), exocrine pancreatic failure (with severe steatorrhoea), renal failure, metabolic acidosis, aggravation of pre-existing cardiac insufficiency and oedema of the lower extremities. All medications were stopped and the condition improved slowly until complete remission was reached 4 months later. Patch-testing was performed, including the various drugs. All the tests (including components of the vehicles) were negative, except for spironolactone, which gave a strong positive reaction. Ten controls in healthy volunteers were negative. The diagnosis of drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) induced by spironolactone was made. This is the first report of DRESS due to spironolactone.

Drug Eruptions↗
PubMed2004

Contact allergy to farnesol in 2021 consecutively patch tested patients. Results of the IVDK.

Farnesol is one of the fragrances considered to be a significant contact allergen. Therefore, it was decided by the European Union to label products containing farnesol. Farnesol was tested [5% petrolatum (pet.)] together with the standard series between 1 January 2003 and 30 June 2003 in 2021 consecutive patients, 1243 females and 778 males. Of these, 22 [1.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7-1.6%] had a positive reaction to farnesol. 147 (8.1%) of those 1825 tested to Myroxylon pereirae resin (balsam of Peru, 25% pet.) at the same time reacted positively, 143 (7.8%) of those 1823 tested to the fragrance mix (FM) (8% pet.) and 34 (1.9%) of 1831 tested to propolis (10% pet.). With regard to concomitant reactions in farnesol-positive patients, 5 of 22 reacted additionally to the FM [odds ratio (OR): 4.3; CI: 1.53-12.15] and 2 (of these 5) additionally to M. pereirae resin (OR: 1.27; CI: 0.29-5.54). The strongest association was seen to propolis (OR: 6.2; 95% CI: 1.4-27.7). Compared to those with negative reactions to farnesol, the group of patients allergic to farnesol was characterized by a higher proportion of young females and office workers, and the hand and the face were more often affected. In conclusion, farnesol is an important allergen. We recommend that farnesol should be included in a fragrance patch-test preparation and that its use should be regulated for consumer safety reasons. Furthermore, the extent of exposure to farnesol should be further studied.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Profile of irritant patch testing with detergents: sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate and alkyl polyglucoside.

The cutaneous reaction to detergents follows distinct kinetic rules: the duration of application and the irritant concentration are of major importance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in kinetics of skin reaction between the standard irritant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), and 2 modern detergents: sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) and alkyl polyglucoside (APG). We performed patch testing with SLS and SLES (or APG) at different concentrations (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0%) and with different exposure times (6, 12 and 24 h). Evaluation was conducted by measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and laser Doppler flowmetry (LD) 24 h, 7 and 10 days after patch removal. We found a pronounced reaction to SLS, and a far milder one to SLES. Even at the highest concentration the skin reaction to APG was hard to detect. During the regeneration period (day 3-10) SLS showed even at day 10 an increased TEWL at all concentrations tested. The irritation due to SLES was convincingly detectable only up to day 7, whereas the APG-tested skin areas showed no significant reaction even at day 3. These results demonstrate the improvement in reduction of skin irritation achieved by development of novel detergents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Colophony in mascara as a cause of eyelid dermatitis. Chemical analyses and patch testing.

Contact allergy to various components in cosmetics may cause eyelid dermatitis. Of 8 mascaras analysed with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), 3 contained colophony. Patients with contact allergy to colophony showed positive patch test reactions when tested with the two mascaras with the highest content of colophony. One mascara without colophony but containing nickel, gave positive reactions in persons with contact allergy to nickel.

Blepharitis↗