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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

The effect of injectable norethisterone oenanthate on ovarian hormones in Thai women.

The ovarian hormones, progesterone and estradiol, as well as norethisterone concentrations were studied in 15 subjects receiving a single intramuscular injection of norethisterone oenanthate. Three treatment groups were studied. The 5 subjects of group A had no additional treatment, the 5 subjects of group B received ethynylestradiol and the 5 subjects of group C received combined ethynylestradiol and norgestrel orally. Additional treatment was for 5 consecutive days 6 weeks after the injection. Blood samples were obtained weekly for 12 weeks post-treatment. All subjects showed a similar pattern of norethisterone concentrations with a range of 3.5-19.5 ng/ml 1 week after injection, declining to levels of less than 0.02 ng/ml at the end of treatment period. Progesterone concentrations of greater than 4 ng/ml indicated that ovulation had occurred in 2 subjects of group A, 5 subjects of group B and 2 subjects of group C during the study period. Serum estradiol concentrations reached pre-ovulatory levels (greater than 200 pg/ml) in 4,3 and 2 subjects of group A,B and C, respectively, during the treatment period. With the other subjects, serum estradiol showed lesser increases. Among the 15 Thai women in the study, the median time of ovulation was 11 weeks, with the earliest occurring at 6 weeks. Three women receiving NET-OEN and no other treatment had ovulated by 6 weeks. Thai women in this study appear to be more resistant to the antiovulatory effect of NET-OEN as compared to women in other published studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Termination of early gestation with a single vaginal suppository of (15S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin F2alpha methyl ester.

Abortion was induced in 20 women who were less than 49 days pregnant with a vaginal suppository containing 3.0 mg (15S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin F2alpha methyl ester. Peripheral serum levels of (15S)-15-methyl F2alpha free acid, beta hCG and progesterone were measured before, during the 10 hours after treatment and over the next 14 days. Eighteen of the subjects had a complete follow-up: ten were aborted (53%), three had incomplete abortions and five were failures. There was a correlation between serum levels of F2alpha (15S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin F2alpha free acid, and the incidence of success. Progesterone was significantly reduced in all three groups of subjects and, therefore, could not be utilized to judge the success of the procedure. A small but insignificant reduction of betahCG occurred in all subjects regardless of outcome during the ten-hour observation period. Since minor side effects of diarrhea and vomiting occurred in less than half of the aborted and only a few of the not aborted subjects, a larger amount of drug might improve the success rate.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1986

The prediction and/or detection of ovulation by means of urinary steroid assays.

Twenty normally menstruating women volunteered for a study in which plasma samples were collected daily during an entire menstrual cycle. On the same days, samples of morning urine were also collected, as well as random samples of urine voided at the visit to the Outpatient Clinic. Progesterone (P), estradiol (E2) and lutropin (LH) were assayed in plasma, and pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PdG), estrone-glucuronide (E1G), estriol-16-glucuronide (E3G), P, and E2 were measured in urine using radioimmunoassays. Progesterone in urine was assayed both with and without preceding chromatography. All urinary glucuronides and progesterone exhibited cyclic patterns similar to those of E2 or P in plasma. Seven-fold increases from early follicular to luteal phase values (for PdG and urinary P; the latter both with and without chromatography), or to peak levels (for E1G and E3G) were observed. The difference between the baseline and peak levels was less distinct (approximately 5-fold) for E2 in urine. The day-to-day coefficient of variation of early follicular phase values decreased from 40% to 25% by calculating the ratios of the glucuronides or P to creatinine (C). The peaks of estrogen glucuronides were delayed mostly by 1 day in comparison to the peaks of E2 in plasma. The urinary peaks of estrogens were in most cases more closely clustered around the day of the LH-peak when the measurements were corrected for C. For the determination of the first significant rise of steroid levels in a cycle, the calculation of a sustained rise (leading to a significant cumulative sum - CUSUM) was found superior when compared to other recommended indices, such as a 50% increase over the mean of 3 preceding values, or the increase over the baseline level plus 2 standard deviations. Sustained rises were calculated for all indices studied (including the ratio of urinary E1G to PdG). The ratio of E1G to C in morning urine gave consistently the most compact distribution of sustained rises. It is concluded that daily measurements of urinary PdG (or P) and E1G (or, possibly, E2) could substitute the serial assays of P and E2 in peripheral blood in the retrospective assessment of the ovarian functionn. The day-to-day variation can be significantly reduced, if results are expressed per concentration of C. For the prediction of ovulation or fertile period, the best index of urinary steroids appears to be the sustained rise in the ratio of E1G to C. However, this "best" method is still not good enough in terms of overall reliability and practicability.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

One year contraception with a single subdermal implant containing nomegestrol acetate (Uniplant).

One single silastic capsule containing nomegestrol acetate, Uniplant, was inserted subcutaneously in 100 women of reproductive age who desired to avoid conception. Insertions and removals of the capsules were made in the gluteal region following intracutaneous local anesthesia with 2% procaine. Eighty women completed one year of use. Eleven women bore the implant for 6-11 months. A total of 1,085 women-months were recorded. One pregnancy occurred, resulting in a Pearl Index of 1.1. Bleeding episodes similar to menstruation occurred in all women but the degree of regularity varied from subject to subject. Amenorrhea developed in the range of 14-18% during the first six months of use but declined to less than 10% during the last six months. Menorrhagia likewise was higher in the first six months (18% in the first month) but fell to less than 10% during the last six months. Spotting was 5% or less. Of the twenty women who did not complete one year of use, nine discontinued because they found other methods were either more practical or less revealing. Three discontinued because of bleeding irregularities, three desired to become pregnant, one became pregnant. Other complaints included dizziness, headache, increased blood pressure, loss of libido, painful breasts and nausea. Over half of the women indicated their desire to continue using the single implant as a contraceptive.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The effects of rifampin and rifabutin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a combination oral contraceptive.

BACKGROUND: Rifampin (INN, rifampicin), a CYP34A inducer, results in significant interactions when coadministered with combination oral contraceptives that contain norethindrone (INN, norethisterone) and ethinyl estradiol (INN, ethinylestradiol). Little is known about the effects of rifabutin, a related rifamycin. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: The relative effects of rifampin and rifabutin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone were evaluated in a prospective, randomized, double-blinded crossover study in 12 premenopausal women who were on a stable oral contraceptive regimen that contained 35 microg ethinyl estradiol/1 mg norethindrone. Subjects were randomized to receive 14 days of rifampin or rifabutin from days 7 through 21 of their menstrual cycle. After a 1-month washout period (only the oral contraceptives were taken), subjects were crossed over to the other rifamycin. RESULTS: Rifampin significantly decreased the mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to 24 hours [AUC(0-24)] of ethinyl estradiol and the mean AUC(0-24) of norethindrone. Rifabutin significantly decreased the mean AUC(0-24) of ethinyl estradiol and the mean AUC(0-24) of norethindrone. The effect of rifampin was significantly greater than rifabutin on each AUC(0-24). Despite these changes, subjects did not ovulate (as determined by progesterone concentrations) during the cycle in which either rifamycin was administered. Levels of mean follicle-stimulating hormone increased 69% after rifampin. CONCLUSION: In this study, rifampin (600 mg daily) was a more significant inducer of ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone clearance than rifabutin (300 mg daily), but neither agent reversed the suppression of ovulation caused by oral contraceptives. The carefully monitored oral contraceptive administration and the limited exposure to rifamycins may restrict the application of this study to clinical situations.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Pituitary-ovarian function after tubal ligation.

Pituitary-ovarian function was evaluated by measurement of daily serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), 17 beta-estradiol, and progesterone in women with a previous history of tubal ligation. Normally menstruating women served as controls. The duration of the proliferative and luteal phase was similar for both groups. The midluteal progesterone level averages did not differ between the two groups. Preovulatory LH and 17 beta-estradiol peaks were significantly lower in the tubal ligation group; average midluteal LH and 17 beta-estradiol levels were also lower. These results reveal that pituitary-ovarian function can be altered following surgical sterilization.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Salivary progesterone as an index of the luteal function.

Salivary progesterone (SP) is proposed as a useful index for estimation of luteal function. In 32 normal luteal phases with in-phase endometrial biopsies, the luteal SP assayed three times between 11 and 4 days before menses correlated significantly with the matched plasma P (PP) values and the ratio of SP to PP X 100 = 1.02. In 19 disharmonic luteal phases, a syndrome characterized by retarded endometrial development and apparently normal corpus luteum function, SP and PP were both in the normal range. In five conception cycles, SP and PP correlated significantly and increased during the evolution of the corpus luteum of pregnancy. In four cycles of luteal insufficiency, P concentrations were lower than normal in saliva as well as in plasma.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The effects of the antiprogesterone RU486 (Mifepristone) on an endometrial secretory glycan: an immunocytochemical study.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of progesterone (P) receptor blockade by RU486 (Mifepristone; Roussel-Uclaf, Paris, France) on a secretory endometrial glycan recognized by monoclonal antibody D9B1. DESIGN: Retrospective comparison of endometrial biopsies from treated and untreated women from 2 to 8 days after the luteinizing peak (LH) peak. SETTING: Infertility clinic, Jessop Hospital for Women, Sheffield. PATIENTS: Twenty-two normal fertile women received the RU486. A control group of 44 normal fertile women were also assessed. INTERVENTIONS: RU486 was administered to 22 normal women during the first half of the luteal phase and an endometrial biopsy examined 3 days later. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the production and secretion of the D9B1 epitope. RESULTS: When the drug was given 2 days after the LH peak, it prevented appearance of the epitope. When RU486 was administered 5 days after the LH peak, epitope already present in gland cells was subsequently secreted. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that production of the sialo-oligosaccharide is P-dependent, but secretion through established intracellular pathways is P-independent.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Termination of early pregnancy by the progesterone antagonist RU 486 (Mifepristone).

We studied the effects of the progesterone antagonist RU 486 in 100 women with early, unwanted pregnancy (within 10 days of the expected onset of the missed menstrual period). Thirty-four women received oral doses of 400 mg (in four days), 26 received 600 mg (in four days), and 40 received 800 mg (in two days). Uterine bleeding occurred in all patients within four days of the first dose and continued for 5 to 17 days. In 85 of the women, a dramatic decrease in the plasma chorionic gonadotropin level was observed on day 6, and an empty uterus was confirmed by ultrasonography on day 13. Hence, these women were considered to have had a complete abortion. Fifteen subjects had persistently elevated plasma chorionic gonadotropin levels on day 6 and were considered not to have responded to RU 486. They all had uterine evacuation, which was facilitated by a softening of the cervix. The percentage of women with complete abortion was similar in all dosage groups. Furthermore, plasma levels of immunoreactive RU 486 were similar in subjects with and without complete abortion. The only important side effect observed in the responders was prolonged uterine bleeding in 18 percent, but neither blood transfusion nor curettage was required. We conclude that RU 486 is an effective and safe method for termination of very early pregnancy but that it should be used only under close medical supervision.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed1980

Cellular estrogen and progesterone receptors in mammary carcinoma.

Cellular estrogen and progesterone receptors of human mammary cancer in cryostat-frozen sections were studied simultaneously. The receptor tracers used were a mixture of 17 beta-estradiol-6-carboxymethyl oxime-bovine serum albumin-fluorescein isothiocyanate and 11 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone hemisuccinate-bovine serum albumin-tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate conjugate. After incubation with the tracers, the estrogen-binding sites manifested apple-green, and the progesterone-binding sites manifested orange-red fluorescence when examined with a fluorescence microscope equipped with appropriate filters. The findings indicate that most estrogen-receptor-positive epithelial cells, benign or malignant, of the mammary glands contain a significant number of progesterone-receptor sites. Incorporation of a fluorescent progesterone conjugate into the histochemical reagent may help to confirm the existence of an operative receptor system in the cancer cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Breast cancer incidence in women with a history of progesterone deficiency.

In order to investigate the nature of the association of involuntarily delayed first birth and risk of breast cancer, 1083 white women who had been evaluated and treated for infertility from 1945-1965 were followed prospectively through April 1978 to ascertain their breast cancer incidence. These women were categorized as to the cause of infertility into two groups, those with endogenous progesterone deficiency (PD) and those with nonhormonal causes (NH). Women in the PD group had 5.4 times the risk of premenopausal breast cancer compared to women in the NH group. This excess risk could not be explained by differences between the two groups in ages at menarche or menopause, history of oral contraceptive use, history of benign breast disease or age at first birth. Women in the PD group also experienced a 10-fold increase in deaths from all malignant neoplasms compared to the NH group. The incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer did not differ significantly between the two groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Circulating levels of placental protein 12 and chorionic gonadotrophin following RU 38486 and gemeprost for termination of first trimester pregnancy.

First trimester termination of pregnancy was successfully induced in ten patients with RU 38486 followed 2 days later by a prostaglandin (Gemeprost) pessary. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) values remained unaltered until after the abortion. The levels of placental protein 12 (PP12) showed an immediate and significant fall following RU 38486, then rose to values substantially higher than those at the initial visit after 2 days. These findings show that RU 38486 has a direct inhibitory effect on tissues producing PP12 and confirm the progesterone dependency of this protein.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed1993

The effect of RU 486 on progesterone receptor in villous and extravillous trophoblast.

A total of 60 women with 6-7 weeks' amenorrhoea were randomly allocated to three groups. The women in the first group (control) took a placebo 24 h before undergoing vacuum aspiration. The subjects in the second and third groups were given orally 200 mg of RU 486, 12 or 24 h before surgical interruption of their pregnancy. Villi and decidua were collected and frozen in liquid nitrogen. There were no significant differences in villous cytosolic steroid concentrations between the control and RU 486-treated groups. The RU 486 concentration was lower in villous cytosol than in decidua and serum. The immunostaining of progesterone receptor in villous and extravillous trophoblast was weak and localized in both cytoplasm and nucleus. RU 486 treatment had no effect on the immunostaining of progesterone receptors in trophoblast populations except in the placental bed giant cells, where the weak and diffuse progesterone receptor staining in the cytoplasm of controls seemed to be concentrated in the nucleus after RU 486 treatment. In conclusion, RU 486 might have no effect on the immunostaining of progesterone receptor and on steroid concentrations in villi in vivo.

Chorionic Villi↗