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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

The effects of hospital characteristics and radical organizational change on the relative standing of health care professions.

This paper examines the effects of hospital characteristics and radical organizational change on the relative representation of health care professions in hospitals over the period of the 1980s. Health care organizations, and hospitals in particular, represent organizations where multiple professional groups make competing claims of expertise that often conflict. The question our research seeks to answer is whether different constellations of organizational characteristics and organizational changes affect the outcome of these professional conflicts. Using the annual census of hospitals compiled by the American Hospital Association, we examine the effects of several characteristics of community hospitals on the relative representation of specific professional groups. We find that hospital mergers favor physicians at the expense of administrators, and multihospital system affiliation favors technical core occupations at the expense of administrators. Measures of organizational growth and decline increase the relative representation of physicians and administrators compared to nurses, and increase the probability that hospitals will employ physicians' assistants and nurse practitioners. Our results are evaluated in light of recent developments in the sociology of medicine and research on the relative standing of occupations in other industries.

Economic Competition↗
PubMed1997

[To prepare the future: analysis of the occupational changes in the dispensary pharmacist's profession. 2nd: Necessity of a common project linking the university and the chemist's shop: practical proposals].

After having in a first part established facts, the authors in a second part, would like the french pharmacy faculties to be more open to the profession. In order to reach this aim, at least one teacher per faculty must direct a research towards the assessment of professional practices by creating observatories in order to measure better what is going on in the field and consequently make the evolution in teaching possible. The author, a professor in clinical pharmacy, the latter being a discipline which is naturally open to professional practices, relates an original experiences carried out in Grenoble about the activity of a quality assurance centre for the pharmaceutical act.

Education, Pharmacy↗
PubMed1997

Health policy and the nursing profession: a deafening silence.

The Australian healthcare system, and those of many other Western countries are experiencing significant shifts in the development of health policy. Many of these shifts are directly related to economic factors that have contributed to the spiralling costs of health care. The trends in health policy appear to be embracing a 'market driven' approach to the distribution of resources and health services. Technology and medical developments have contributed to these current economic trends. Over the past 20 years nurses have been faced with significant shifts in the direction of health policy to the extent that many policies have significantly impacted upon their practice without their apparent contribution. Several theoretical positions exist about nurses' lack of policy participation. This paper examines some of the current health policy changes in Australia that are perceived to have had the greatest impact on the nursing practice, and identifies some of the barriers to the nursing profession's participation in the formulation of health policy.

Australia↗
PubMed1997

Continued competency--a responsibility of the profession.

For the past decade the Continued Competency Committee of the American Association of Dental Examiners has explored issues in continued competency for the dental profession. The efforts have focused on creating policy and standards which must be met by any continued competency assessment mechanisms. Nine potential systems are under review. Some, such as examination for diplomate status in a recognized dental specialty are already in place. The development and pilot testing of four new mechanisms--simulations, continuing education with measurable outcomes, case presentation, and in-office audit--is being encouraged.

Certification↗
PubMed1992

Dentists, malpractice and not knowing enough: legal liability for failing to keep up with the profession.

The law imposes an obligation on you to keep current with the developments of your profession, particularly those developments which directly affect the health of your patients. From a legal perspective, you risk liability when your professional inquisitiveness and awareness falls below that of the reasonable specialist. While there is a substantial risk of being overwhelmed by the explosion of new dental knowledge, the alternative of being sued for malpractice is less attractive.

British Columbia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[About suicide methods of physicians, medical personnel and related professions].

UNLABELLED: A collective of 131 suicides of physicians (n = 40), female and male nurses (n = 38), pharmacists/chemist/biologists (n = 17) and medical/chemical assistant personnel (n = 36) was evaluated with regard to the method of suicide. Preferred methods were ingestion of medicaments orally (29%) and by infusion/injection (18%), hanging (13%), cyanide poisoning (10%), jumping from great height (10%) and drowning (8%). The results were compared with a control group (n = 739: hanging 32%, oral ingestion of medicaments 16%, jumping from great height 13%, shooting 9%, drowning 8%, railway suicides 7%). Methods such as infusion/injection (anesthesiologists) and cyanide poisoning (chemists/chemical staff) being typical of occupation were over-represented within the first group, however, at the same time concentrated on specialized subgroups. Intoxications by infusion/injection and medicaments predominated even more clearly in physicians (58%) than in the total collective. CONCLUSION: The tendency to a method of suicide being typical of the profession rises among physicians and related occupations with the degree of specialization (increasing knowledge, easier access to appropriate drugs and methods). Medical/chemical education and occupation alone is not yet associated with such a predisposition.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A strategy for the profession and trade to deal with the changing dental environment.

A former plan purchaser who is now the owner of a dental laboratory explains how dental benefits have been frequently introduced as supplements to medical benefits programs by large carriers. This has created a "knowledge gap" regarding the effects of underfunding and restriction of choice on the oral health of Americans. The dental profession and the dental industry should embark on a program to supply the information upon which patients and employers can make sound decisions.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1998

VA aligns health professions education with healthcare priorities.

In 1997, the Veterans Health Administration constituted the Associated Health Professions Education Review Committee to provide recommendations for its associated health training programs. The Committee recommended that support for the 54,000 trainees in over 45 non-physician disciplines that train every year in VA facilities be allocated based on patient-focused criteria that emphasize the VA's healthcare priorities. Such priorities include accessible primary care, geriatrics, treatment of substance abuse, chronic care, and rehabilitation. The Committee also placed a high priority on disciplines that demonstrate inter-professional strategies for healthcare delivery and training. Educational institutions and disciplines that address these needs in innovative ways will find opportunities for clinical training in VA settings.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1998

Strategies to expand the definition of scholarship for the health professions.

Standards for promotions and tenure for health professions faculty must require the same intellectual and methodologic rigor as those in other academic areas. The challenge is to expand the traditional view of scholarship as research to include scholarship of teaching, application, and integration and to develop methods for documenting these. This article describes four strategies instituted by Allegheny University of the Health Sciences to address this challenge. Results of two of the strategies, a workshop for appointments and promotions and tenure committee members, and a workshop for preparing junior faculty for academic advancement are discussed. The four strategies described are intended to serve as models to stimulate discussion and innovation at other institutions.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed1998

Quality assurance in the dental profession.

The dental profession has traditionally attempted to ensure quality and to guarantee high educational standards by restricting licensure. Recently, many factors have increased public and government interest in the quality of care provided by health professionals. A framework for understanding quality assurance is presented. This framework incorporates with Donabedian's dimensions of structure, process and outcome the additional dimensions of system capacity and community. All dimensions of quality are assessed by comparison with an accepted standard. Quality assurance can be considered as occurring at a system level, a managerial level, and a practice level. All quality assurance activities work to fulfil society's requirements to maintain self-governing professional status.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1998

[Physicians of the national education system: Stakes and perspectives for a new profession].

After five years of experience in the domain of training doctors of the national education system, the authors note the uneasy position of a profession started in the napoleonic era, created in the post-war context and commissioned in 1991 to "promote the health" of all the students preparing for their baccalaureate degrees. The hypothesis consists of a double origin: a crisis concerning professional identity (doctors of care, prevention, public health) reinforced by a lack of appreciation by the silent partners of the accompaniment necessary for all major changes and for mechanisms of resistance. To remedy this, the authors propose a better definition of professional objectives and priorities to attain, the affirmation of the (central?) position of doctors of the national education system among education and health professionals for youth, and a policy of training at two levels, specialised and inter-professional.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1998

Lifelong education and the dental profession.

Provision of education is constantly under review, with regular changes to address new needs. In addition, demands that cannot be met from within initial training courses have spawned a plethora of educational courses to update knowledge and develop new skills--in effect promoting lifelong education. The aim of this paper is i) to define and explain commonly used educational terms relevant to the understanding of lifelong education, ii) to make a distinction between lifelong education and continued education, and iii) to offer a rationale for the increasing importance of lifelong education for the dental profession.

Education, Dental, Continuing↗
PubMed1998

[Nursing profession in epidemiologic surveillance at Ribeirao Preto (1988-1996)].

The insertion of the nursing profession in Epidemiologic Surveillance (ES) at Ribeirão Preto from 1988 to 1996 has been identified in the process of health care decentralization. The qualitative methodology is used based in bibliographic and documentation sources and by 8 semi-structured interviews. Nurses are in greater number than all other health professionals and their practice are based on the Epidemiology and management of control side, represented by notifications and visits, and the prevention side, represented by immunization.

Brazil↗