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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Differences in concentration of heavy metals between native and transplanted Plagiothecium denticulatum: a case study of soils contaminated by oil well exudates in South East Poland.

For a period of 60 days, the terrestrial moss Plagiothecium denticulatum was transplanted from a clean control site to a soil contaminated with crude oil exudates (Krosno, South East Poland). Native P. denticulatum growing on this contaminated soil was collected during the same period. Concentrations of the metals Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn as well as the macroelements N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S were determined in P. denticulatum and in soils from the contaminated and control sites. Contaminated soil was the main contributor of Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn to native and transplanted P. denticulatum. Other sources of contamination apart from the soil existed for Cd and Cu. Transplanted P. denticulatum accumulated significantly more Al, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, and native P. denticulatum accumulated significantly more N, P, K, and Ca. Higher levels of N, P, K, and Ca in native P. denticulatum indicates a possible mechanism to prevent the loss of these elements as observed in the transplanted P. denticulatum.

Bryopsida↗
PubMed2001

Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in soils from the southern part of Poland.

Surface soil and sediment samples collected from the cities of Kraków, Katowice, and Chorzow in 1993-94 were analyzed to determine the residual levels of persistent organochlorine pesticides (HCB, HCHs, DDTs, CHLs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Detection, identification, and quantification were made after a two-step clean-up and fractionation of sample extract with concentrated sulfuric acid and Florisil gel, followed by capillary gas chromatography with a 63Ni electron capture detector (GC-ECD) or a mass selective detector (GC-LRMS). The soil from the city of Katowice is relatively more polluted, mainly by PCBs but also by the other organochlorines. Both the soil in the cities of Kraków and Katowice are more polluted by organochlorines than soil from many other places in Poland. The residual concentrations of the organochlorines indicated nonexistence of the domestic sources of pollution by CHLs and elevated local contamination with PCBs. Sediment contained PCBs and CHLs in much higher concentrations than found in soil. In the case of DDTs, HCHs and HCB, the concentrations were of the same order of magnitude. Composition of DDT metabolites and of HCH isomers were investigated in detail.

Chromatography↗
PubMed2005

The ecology of testate amoebae (Protists) in sphagnum in North-western Poland in relation to peatland ecology.

We studied the relationship between testate amoebae (Protozoa) communities and the depth to the water table (DWT), pH, conductivity, and microhabitat type in Sphagnum dominated peatlands of north-western Poland and built predictive (transfer function) models for inferring DWT and pH based on the testate amoebae community structure. Such models can be used for peatland monitoring and paleoecology. A total of 52 testate amoebae taxa were recorded. In a redundancy analysis, DWT and pH explained 20.1% of the variation in the species data and allowed us to identify three groups of taxa: species that are associated with (1) high DWT and low pH, (2) low DWT and low pH, and (3) high pH and mid-range DWT. Our transfer function models allow DWT and pH to be estimated with mean errors of 9.89 cm and 0.71 pH units. The prediction error of the DWT model and the tolerance of the species both increase with increasing dryness. This pattern mirrors the ecology of Sphagnum mosses: Species growing in wet habitats are more sensitive to change in water table depth than the species growing in drier microhabitats. Our results are consistent with studies of testate amoeba ecology in other regions, and they provide additional support for the use of these organisms in paleoecological and biomonitoring contexts.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2005

Poland syndrome: description of an atypical variant.

Poland syndrome comprises a unilateral absence of the large pectoral muscle, ipsilateral symbrachydactyly, and occasionally other malformations of the anterior chest wall and breast. The condition is more frequent among males, and usually occurs on the right hemithorax in the unilateral form. The syndrome is believed to be caused by a genetic disorder that reduces the embryonal circulation in the interior chest artery: the stronger the interaction, the more severe the pathology. This article analyzes an unusual pathologic case in which the 17-year-old patient lacked the large pectoral muscle on the left side, but showed no arterial alteration. This case raises questions as to the true pathogenesis of this syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chest wall implants: their use for pectus excavatum, pectoralis muscle tears, Poland's syndrome, and muscular insufficiency.

Solid customized and prefabricated silicone implants have been used by the author for 15 years in a wide range of chest wall deformities. Chest wall implants are often used in males seeking to augment a muscularly deficient or underdeveloped chest; however, their greatest use has come in a variety of deformities both congenital and acquired, such as pectus excavatum, Poland's Syndrome, and pectoralis muscle tears. The implants can be either customized using a moulage technique or are prefabricated, manufactured implants which can be modified on the operating table to repair the contour deformity. The immediate postoperative problem of seroma and subcutaneous implant "show" has been minimized by careful planning, gentle technique, deep insertion, improved patient positioning on the operating room table, and the use of oral anti-inflammatory medications. The long-term results of these implants seem very satisfactory. The patients are usually physically active, and the implants show no long-term sequelae such as seroma, infection, displacement, or rupture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Hereditary spherocytosis: identification of several HS families with ankyrin and band 3 deficiency in a population of southwestern Poland.

Red blood cells of 17 patients out of seven families diagnosed with HS from the southwest of Poland were studied. In six families a deficiency of ankyrin was detected, and in one family a band 3 (anion-exchanger protein) deficiency was detected. Patients from six families with the ankyrin deficiency had a 19-51% decrease in ankyrin 2.1, while the family with the band 3 deficiency showed a 33% decrease in this protein content. All changes were statistically significant, as analysed by the Student t test (P<0.05). Analysis of haemolysis kinetics gives a reliable indication of altered osmotic properties of the spherocytic cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The place of cladribine in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a 10-year experience in Poland.

Cladribine (2-CdA) is structurally similar to another purine analog, fludarabine (FA), recently accepted in several centers as the first-line treatment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Unfortunately, there is less experience with the use of 2-CdA than with FA in patients with CLL in the majority of Western countries. In the last decade we performed several phase II studies and two phase III randomized trials to evaluate the activity and toxicity of 2-CdA in previously treated and untreated patients with CLL. We have also compared the results of Polish studies with the data presented by other investigators. Similarly to FA this agent has been found to be more effective in previously untreated CLL than in patients refractory to or relapsed after conventional therapy with alkylating agents. In different studies the overall response (OR) rate ranged from 70 to 85% and complete response (CR) from 10 to 47%. Higher CR and OR rates in CLL patients treated with 2-CdA and prednisone than with chlorambucil and prednisone were confirmed in our multicenter, randomized study. Subsequently, we performed a multicenter, randomized study comparing 2-CdA alone with a combination of 2-CdA and cyclophosphamide (CC) or cyclophosphamide and mitoxantrone (CMC). Our updated results seem to indicate that the CC program used as a first-line therapy in CLL gives higher CR and OR and better elimination of minimal residual disease (MRD) than 2-CdA alone. CC is also less myelotoxic than CMC. More recently, we have undertaken a phase II study to determine the efficacy and toxicity of 2-CdA combined with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab in CLL and other refractory or relapsed indolent lymphoproliferative disorders. The preliminary results seem to be better than in similar patients previously treated in our institution with 2-CdA alone. In conclusion, the studies performed in the last decade in Poland and other countries have shown that 2-CdA used alone or in combination with other agents is, similarly to FA, a highly active and relatively safe agent in previously treated and untreated patients with CLL.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed2002

Colorectal carcinoma in Poland in 1975 and 1995: not only more, but also different.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We previously reported that the sole clinicopathological parameters of carcinomas diagnosed in a single institution in 1975 differed from those in patients diagnosed in 1995. The findings might be compatible with the loss of importance of the microsatellite instability of the carcinogenic pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined the microsatellite status and selected immunomarkers (Ki-67, p53, BAX) in the archival material from 1975 (n=76) and 1995 (n=105). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The distribution of tumors showing no microsatellite instability, low microsatellite instability, and high microsatellite instability in the 2-yearly cohorts was similar (1975: 55.6%, 22.2%, 22.2%; 1995: 60.2%, 20.4%, 19.4%, respectively). The percentage of carcinomas showing microsatellite instability at the APC locus differed significantly (1975: 37.5%; 1995: 21.4%). The typical clinicopathological parameters of carcinomas exhibiting high microsatellite instability were largely shared by the carcinomas demonstrating instability at the APC locus. The carcinomas resected in 1995 more frequently demonstrated high expression of an antiapoptotic protein BAX and a different distribution of their Ki-67 proliferation fraction. The evolution of colorectal carcinoma in Poland also involves qualitative changes, including its genetic background.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

[Dextrocardia and Poland syndrome in a 59-year-old patient].

Poland syndrome consists of unilateral absence of the sternal head of the pectoralis major muscle, ipsilateral symbrachydaktylia, and occasionally associated other malformations of the anterior chest wall, mammilla, and mamma. To our knowledge a simultaneous occurrence with dextrocardia was reported in seven patients. We report on an additional patient with this unusual coincidence. A 59-year old man showed mild symbrachydaktylia of the left hand and deformity of the left part of the anterior chest wall, both present since birth. We found an additional dextrocardia with situs solitus, d-loop, and correctly connected great arteries. Besides arterial hypertension there was no remarkable impairment of the patient's condition.

Dextrocardia↗
PubMed2003

Neoplasms of the parotid gland in northern Poland, 1991-2000: an epidemiologic study.

A review of patients treated for malignant and benign parotid tumors in a 10-year period (1991-2000) in the Pomeranian County of Poland revealed 417 new cases. The age-standardized incidence rate was 0.23 and 1.35 per 100,000 inhabitants for malignant and benign tumors, respectively. The following data were collected: age, sex, place of living, education, job, smoking, symptoms, duration of symptoms at the time of diagnosis, result of histopathological tumor examination, tumor size, TNM staging and distant metastases. The results were divided into two parts: malignant neoplasms and benign neoplasms. The most common malignant neoplasms were carcinomas (96.8%), and among them the most numerous were mucoepidermoid carcinoma (22.2%), carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma (20.6%) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (15.9%). The most common benign neoplasms were adenomas (95.5%), most frequently pleomorphic adenoma (65.5%) and adenolymphoma (24.0%), but rarely basal cell adenoma (4.2%). We also observed a steady increase in the number of benign parotid tumors in the examined period of time.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Forensic validation of a multiplex containing nine STRs--population genetics in northern Poland.

This paper presents the allele frequency distributions for the nine loci (D3S1358, VWA, FGA, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317 and D7S820) present in the commercially available Profiler Plus kit. DNA samples of 202 individuals from Northern Poland were amplified in a multiplex reaction with subsequent automatic detection using capillary electrophoresis. All loci met the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium conditions. The calculated probability of identity was 2.26 x 10(-11) giving an average probability of identity of 1 in 44 billion. Considerable improvement of analysis precision was observed after substituting the GeneScan 500 for the fluorescent ladder 60-400 bp. The influence of DNA concentration on stutter and artefact formation and the ratio of heterozygote alleles was analysed.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed2000

Frequency data on the loci vWA, FES/FPS, F13A01, TH01, TPOX and CSF1P0 in a population from South Poland.

Allele and genotype frequencies for six short tandem repeat (STR) loci were determined in a sample of 124 inhabitants from South Poland with commercial PCR-based typing kits. No deviations from Hardy-Weinberg expectations were found. The combined power of discrimination for the six loci was 0.9999982. There was no genotypic disequilibrium between the loci except for vWA and F13A01. The set of PCR loci was validated as useful for paternity testing and individual identification in the Polish population.

Alleles↗
PubMed1999

HUMFIBRA allele distribution in northern Poland using capillary electrophoresis.

Amplification products of the HUMFIBRA locus were analysed in a population from Northern Poland using capillary electrophoresis. The most frequent alleles were 21, 22 and 20 with a frequencies of 0.201, 0.179 and 0.167 respectively, and five rare variants were observed with frequencies less than 0.015. A homogeneous allele distribution was found between Polish and Dutch populations and significant differences between Poles and Italians. The high discrimination power (0.963), polymorphic information content (0.849) and heterozygosity confirm the usefulness of HUMFIBRA locus for forensic identification purposes. The application of capillary electrophoresis offers the possibility of precise identification of rare variants.

Alleles↗
PubMed1999

Population genetic data for HumF13B, HumLPL and HumHPRTB in southeast Poland.

Allele frequencies for the three short tandem repeat systems HumF13B, HumLPL and HumHPRTB were determined in a population sample from southeast Poland. PCR products were separated by electrophoresis on denaturing polyacrylamide gels, followed by silver staining. A total of six alleles for HumF13B, seven for HumLPL and eight alleles for HumHPRTB were detected and no deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were observed. The allele frequency data for the three systems were compared with other Caucasian populations.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed1998

Exposure to lead and other metals in children from Katowice district, Poland.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the exposure to toxic metals and to evaluate its possible association with essential elements and socioeconomic status in children from the town of Bytom in the Katowice area; this area is one of the most polluted industrialized regions in Poland. METHODS: Concentrations of lead, cadmium, mercury, selenium, magnesium, copper, and zinc were determined in whole blood of 211 children aged 9 years. The samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Information on socioeconomic factors was collected using questionnaires. Concentrations of trace elements in the blood of 24 Swedish children aged 9-10 years were used for comparisons. RESULTS: The concentrations of lead detected in the blood of the Polish children ranged from 0.09 to 1.9 mumol/l, with the median value being 0.27 mumol/l. Statistically significant associations were found between lead and such socioeconomic factors as the number of siblings, trips outside the region, maternal smoking, playing outdoors, and apartment standard. The average blood lead level was about 3 times higher in the Polish children than in the Swedish group. The median blood concentration of cadmium found in the Polish children was 3.4 nmol/l (range 1.1-41 nmol/l; almost 3 times higher than that detected in the Swedish children), and that of mercury was 3 nmol/l (range 0.5-11 nmol/l). The median blood levels and ranges of the essential elements were 1.1 (0.7-2.0) mumol/l for selenium, 1.5 (1.2-1.9) mmol/l for magnesium, 17 (13-22) mumol/l for copper, and 78 (54-104) mumol/l for zinc, respectively. The concentrations of selenium and magnesium were significantly lower in the Polish group as compared with the Swedish children. CONCLUSIONS: In all, 7% of the Polish children had blood lead levels exceeding 0.5 mumol/l, the concentration above which negative effects on mental development have been reported. However, the findings indicate a decrease in lead exposure during recent years among the Bytom children.

Child↗
PubMed2002

Is there a potential danger of "swimmer's itch in Poland?

Tests with cercariae of Trichobilharzia szidati (Neuhaus, 1952) and Bilharziella polonica (Kowalewski, 1895) from naturally parasitised host snails from lake Jeziorak in north Poland were carried out on human volunteers under laboratory conditions. Only T. szidati was capable of causing the symptoms of "swimmer's itch". In the experiment with B. polonica no symptoms of dermatitis were observed either after the first or second exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Factors affecting the component community structure of haemoparasites in common voles ( Microtus arvalis) from the Mazury Lake District region of Poland.

The prevalence and abundance of infections with haemoparasites were studied over a 4-year period in Microtus arvalis (common vole, n =321) sampled from fallow grassland sites in north-eastern Poland. Total species richness was five (prevalence= Haemobartonella sp. 63.9%, Bartonella spp. 27.7%, Babesia microti 9.0%, Trypanosoma sp. 8.4% and and Hepatozoon lavieri 3.1%) with 76.9% of the voles carrying at least one species and a mean infracommunity species richness of 1.1. Variation in species richness was determined primarily by season and year, the interaction of these factors, and that of year with host age. The observed frequency distribution of infracommunity species richness did not differ from that predicted by a null model, suggesting that there were no marked associations between the species. Analyses of prevalence and abundance of infection with each species in turn, revealed that overall the principal causes of variation were temporal and seasonal, their interaction, and interactions with intrinsic factors (age and sex), the latter playing only a minor role in their own right. However, the relative importance of these combinations varied and was distinct for each of the species in the study. Prevalence data revealed eight sets of two- and three-way associations between species, mostly dependent to some extent on one of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors in the model. Analysis of quantitative associations suggested two sets of positive two-way interactions, none of which remained after controlling for the effect of extrinsic and intrinsic factors on the abundance of each species. These data are discussed in the context of the changing ecological profiles in this region of Eastern Europe and, in a wider context, in relation to current understanding of the factors that shape component community structures of haemoparasites in wild rodents.

Animals↗
PubMed2007

Mitochondrial haplotype diversity of Gyrodactylus thymalli (Platyhelminthes; Monogenea): extended geographic sampling in United Kingdom, Poland, and Norway reveals further lineages.

In recent years, the mitochondrial haplotype diversity of the monogenean ectoparasites Gyrodactylus salaris Malmberg, 1957 on Atlantic salmon and G. thymalli Zitnan, 1960 on grayling has been studied intensively to understand the taxonomy and phylogeography of the two species. According to these studies, neither species can be considered monophyletic, but unfortunately, the geographic sampling has mostly been restricted to Fennoscandia. Only few samples from continental Europe have been analysed, and samples from the United Kingdom have not been included at all. Gyrodactylosis is a notifiable disease in Europe and is in the UK considered the most important exotic disease threat to wild Atlantic salmon populations. In this study, we report six new mitochondrial haplotypes of G. thymalli from England, Poland, and Norway detected by sequencing 745 bp of the cytochrome oxidase I gene. The six new haplotypes add five new clades to a neighbor-joining dendrogram deduced on the basis of the currently known 44 mitochondrial haplotypes for G. thymalli and G. salaris. We conclude that G. thymalli established in the UK along with the immigration of grayling. There is currently no reason to suspect that this parasite is a threat to Atlantic salmon in the UK, although its infectivity to salmon stocks in the UK has not been tested.

Animals↗