Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PERSONALITY, PATHOLOGICAL”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Clinical, psychological, and personality correlates of asceticism in anorexia nervosa: from saint anorexia to pathologic perfectionism.

This study investigated the personality and clinical correlates of asceticism in 154 anorectic patients. Multiple linear regression models showed that asceticism was related to angry temperament, high control over anger, perfectionism, maturity fears, and number of vomiting episodes per week. These results suggest that the self-discipline and hypercontrol of anorectic patients are related to a temperament prone to angry feelings in subjects with a fear of becoming adult and with a trait of pathologic perfectionism.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Medical flight certification of civil pilots with cardiovascular pathologies].

Comprehensive examination of civil pilots including the clinical-physiological and mental tests was performed with the purpose to improve the system of expert evaluation of health and fight fitness of pilots with cardiovascular pathologies. Mental tests consisted of an MMPI modification, the standard multifactor personality test, portrait choice (adapted Szondi's eight inclinations test), and predictive drawing tests of the unconscious. Type of personality of the persons with cardiovascular pathologies were characterized in terms of individual traits, social behavior, thinking type, stress reaction, protective tactics, and form of deadaptation. Persons with a variety of premorbid cardiovascular pathologies (essential hypertension, atherosclerosis, and neurocirculatory dystonia) reveal specific traits that should be taken into consideration in the process of medical flight certification.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1997

Reported pathological childhood experiences associated with the development of borderline personality disorder.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess a full range of pathological childhood experiences reported by patients with criteria-defined borderline personality disorder and comparison patients with other personality disorders. METHOD: The pathological childhood experiences reported by 467 inpatients with personality disorders were assessed by interviewers who used a semistructured research interview and were blind to clinical diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the 358 patients with borderline personality disorder, 91% reported having been abused, and 92% reported having been neglected, before the age of 18. The borderline patients were significantly more likely than the 109 patients with other personality disorders to report having been emotionally and physically abused by a caretaker and sexually abused by a noncaretaker. They were also significantly more likely to report having a caretaker withdraw from them emotionally, treat them inconsistently, deny their thoughts and feelings, place them in the role of a parent, and fail to provide them with needed protection. The borderline patients with a childhood history of sexual abuse were significantly more likely than those without such a history to report having experienced all but one of the types of abuse and neglect studied. When all significant risk factors were considered together, four were found to be significant predictors of a borderline diagnosis: female gender, sexual abuse by a male noncaretaker, emotional denial by a male caretaker, and inconsistent treatment by a female caretaker. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that sexual abuse is neither necessary nor sufficient for the development of borderline personality disorder and that other childhood experiences, particularly neglect by caretakers of both genders, represent significant risk factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Classification of gamblers from self-help groups using cluster analysis].

In an empirically based classification by cluster analysis of 437 gamblers from self-help groups five distinct homogeneous subgroups were determined on the basis of such characteristics as frequency of gambling of various kinds, function of gambling and sensation during gambling, symptoms of pathological gambling as well as personality characteristics. These can be characterized as: Pathological slot-machine gamblers with 1) an emotionally instable, depressive-aggressive personality structure and 2) an emotionally instable, depressive personality structure; 3) pathological gamblers on German-style slot-machines and 4) pathological gamblers on classical games of chance--both without conspicuous personality, and 5) gamblers on German-style slot-machines under a subjective strain. On the whole, the distinctions are due to psychological variables, the social data hardly differ. A comparison of the subgroups on the basis of variables regarding the course and result of treatment shows that the pathological gamblers with a conspicuous personality structure more often failed to reach, the goal of abstinence set by "Gamblers Anonymous" and instead report about an improvement of their gambling behaviour. On the other hand, the gamblers on German-style slot-machines who were under a subjective strain more often found it easier to stop gambling completely. The results of the cluster analysis are compared with clinical diagnostic classifications of gamblers who received out-patient or in-patient treatment as well as with empirical classifications of addicts, and first hypotheses of a differential therapy indication are being discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[The personality characteristics of normal pregnant women and in pathology].

Altogether 357 pregnant women were examined for the personality traits using a method of an all-round study of the personality. In 96 women (group I), the course of gestation appeared favourable, whereas in 134 women, it was complicated by late gestosis (group II), and in 127 women, by threatening premature delivery (group III). The personality traits of the group I women turned out to keep within the limits of the "conditional norm" in the presence of moderate anxiety. For the p pregnant women belonging to groups II and III, the general "register syndrome" was defined as a psychogenic-neurotic one. The differences in the personality types were established in these groups. The late gestosis group was characterized by the autistic-rigid mode of reacting whereas that with the threatening premature delivery by the anxious-phobic type of reacting.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiological studies on occupational eye pathology.

We examined 522 persons exposed to different types of non-ionizing radiation (UV, IR lasers) in the working environment. The control group consisted of 250 persons. The clinico-statistical analysis of occupational eye pathology depending on etiological factors, exposure time and age is presented. Specific cataracts were found in 38.37% of electric welders and in 11.4% of metal workers. The number of cataracts increased with exposure time and in elderly workers. We also observed six macular incidents when working with lasers. The results show the potential hazardous factors of the working environment and the corresponding eye impairments.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Relationships of personality traits and stress to gingival status or soft-tissue oral pathology: an exploratory study.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of personality traits and stress with gingival inflammation and with soft-tissue oral pathology. METHODS: Personality traits of psychoticism (P), extroversion and introversion (E), and neuroticism (N) were measured with Eysenck's personality questionnaire (EPQ). Stress was measured with a modified organizational and individual assessment survey (OIAS) developed by Hendrix. Military recruits from Ft. Leonard Wood, Missouri, were examined for soft-tissue oral pathology and gingival status at weeks one (n = 241) and six (n = 61) of basic combat training (BCT). The EPQ and OIAS were administered to 217 recruits during week six of BCT. A discriminant analysis was used to determine correlations among study variables. RESULTS: Significant correlations (P < .05) were found between personality traits and various measures of tolerance of stress. Little variance was found between groups originally presenting with or without disease. Only physical stress (P < .005) was shown to affect soft-tissue pathology, while gingival inflammation correlated significantly to E scores (P < .02), tolerance to change (P < .02), and anxiety (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Data support a possible relationship among certain personality traits, stress variables, and gingival inflammation or soft-tissue pathology in recruits with extreme personality characteristics or perception of high physical stress levels in basic combat training.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Personality disorders in childhood. Classifications and clinical aspects of border-line personalities and narcissism].

The diagnosis of personality disorders is particularly difficult in childhood and requires prolonged psychiatric evaluation. Authors focus discussion upon the diagnosis of borderline and narcissistic personality disorders in children. Although Misès recently favours the term child borderline pathologies covering all personality disorders other than psychosis or neurosis, the american school of psychiatry tends to separate different personality disorders according to DSM-IV diagnosis propositions. The results of rare prospective studies suggest a pathological continuum which remains within the sphere of personality disorders. Further research is in fact necessary to determine the specific evolutive profiles of each personality disorder.

Borderline Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1994

Pigmented lesion pathology: the specimen and its report. A personal and probably biased approach.

The author outlines general principles and pitfalls in the pathologic interpretation of pigmented skin lesions, then focuses on issues related specifically to gross tissue specimens and to the histologic report. He concludes that definitive therapy for melanoma should not be based on partial biopsies, that frozen sections are not indicated, and that the pathologist should report all of the relevant histologic attributes whenever possible.

Humans↗
PubMed1998

[Preventive iodine administration and iodine excretion in the Vienna area and in the forest quarter].

In order to reduce the still substantial iodine deficiency in the Austrian population, compulsory iodisation of salt was increased in 1990 from 10 mg potassium iodide/kg salt to 20 mg potassium iodide/kg. In this investigation we evaluated the adequacy of iodine supply in Vienna and the Waldviertel, a rural region northwest of Vienna. Daily iodine excretion (which reflects daily iodine intake) was investigated in 92 persons from the Waldviertel (all without thyroid gland pathology) and 110 persons from Vienna (54 with unremarkable thyroid glands, 56 with endemic goiter). Daily iodine excretion was higher in persons from the Waldviertel (161 +/- 90.7 micrograms/24 h, p < 0.05) than in those from Vienna (with healthy thyroid glands 126.4 +/- 42.9 micrograms/24 h and with goiter 117.2 +/- 60.5 micrograms/24 h, resp.). In both populations iodine supply as defined by the WHO (excretion of > 150 ug iodine/day) was inadequate. The recommended level was not achieved in 50% of the persons from the Waldviertel region and in 75% of persons from Vienna (healthy thyroid glands 76%, goiter: 75%). Iodine deficiency (intake < 100 micrograms/24 h) was present in 42% persons from the Waldviertel and in 31% and 24% persons, respectively, from Vienna with unremarkable thyroid glands and goiter. We conclude that although the iodine content of salt was increased, an iodine deficiency was present in a considerable portion of the population of an industrialized country (approximately 40% of persons from a rural region and 30% from the city of Vienna).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Executive dysfunction, self, and ego pathology in schizophrenia: an exploratory study of neuropsychology and personality.

Schizophrenic patients show a variety of symptoms, including positive and negative symptoms and ego pathology. Their exact underlying neuropsychological mechanisms as well as related changes in personality, however, remain unclear. We therefore conducted an exploratory study to investigate the relationship among neuropsychological functions, various dimensions in personality, and the different kinds of psychopathological symptoms. We investigated 22 paranoid schizophrenic patients and 22 age- and sex-matched healthy controls using a battery of neuropsychological, personality, and psychopathological tests and scales. Neuropsychological tests included executive function, working memory, and episodic memory, whereas personality assessment relied on the Temperament and Character Inventory by Cloninger (Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1987;44:573-88). Psychopathological rating included the scales for the assessment of positive and negative symptoms and the Ego Pathology Inventory by Scharfetter (Psychol Med. 1981;11(2):273-80). Schizophrenic patients showed significant deficits in executive function, working memory, and episodic memory. In contrast to healthy subjects, no significant correlation between working memory and executive function was observed in schizophrenic patients. Instead, both working memory and executive dysfunction were rather related to deficits in retrieval of episodic memory. Positive and negative symptoms correlated with episodic memory deficits but not with any dimension of the personality, whereas ego pathology, in contrast, correlated with executive dysfunction and working memory deficits. Moreover, schizophrenic patients showed specific changes in the self-dimensions of their personality, which correlated significantly with both executive dysfunction and ego pathology. Schizophrenic patients show deficits in working memory and executive function as well as functional dissociation between both. In contrast to positive and negative symptoms, ego pathology in these patients is specifically related to executive dysfunction and alterations in the self-dimension of their personality. It can therefore be concluded that ego pathology must be distinguished from positive and negative symptoms in both underlying neuropsychological dysfunction and predisposing changes in personality.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Extraversion in pathological gamblers. Correlates with indexes of noradrenergic function.

Pathological gamblers may have a disturbance of their central nervous system noradrenergic functioning. We administered the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire to pathological gamblers and examined relationships between their personality scores on this questionnaire and indexes of noradrenergic function. There were highly significant correlations between scores on the extraversion scale and cerebrospinal fluid levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, plasma levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, urinary outputs of vanillylmandelic acid, as well as with the sum of urinary outputs of norepinephrine and its major metabolites. These results suggest that the disturbance in the central noradrenergic system in pathological gamblers may be partly reflected in their personality.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Psychiatric syndromes comorbid with mental retardation: differences in cognitive and adaptive skills.

The study concerns the specific cognitive and adaptive skills of persons dually diagnosed with mental retardation (MR) and comorbid pathologies, as schizophrenia, personality and mood disorders, pervasive developmental disorders, epilepsy and ADHD. The sample was composed of 182 subjects, diagnosed as mild or moderate MR level, age range from 6 years 8 months to 50 years 2 months, mean age 17.1 (standard deviation 7.9). All the subjects were inpatients in a specialized structure for the diagnosis and the treatment of MR. The instruments of the study were Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WAIS-R or WISC-R according to the chronological age of subjects) and Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale (VABS). Results confirm that comorbidity is a factor differentiating among mentally retarded subjects. Both verbal processes requiring memory retrieval and visuo-spatial processes are involved as differentiating features. ADHD strongly increases the impairment of cognitive skills, while behavioral disorders are less damaging in MR performance. In adult samples, the differentiating role of comorbid syndromes in MR individuals is reduced for cognitive skills, and limited to some basic verbal abilities, more impaired in mood disorder, less in schizophrenic disorder. The areas of adaptation and socialization, motor and daily living skills, are impaired more in generalized development disturbances than in comorbid schizophrenic and personality and mood disorders. An accurate psychological assessment of dual diagnoses is useful in detecting the specific underlying processes differentiating the comorbid syndromes, and in planning an appropriate rehabilitative treatment.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

The role of Internet and personal digital assistant in oral and maxillofacial pathology.

Internet usage for dentistry and medicine is growing. Using search engines available on the Internet, websites for oral pathology and oral medicine information resources are explored and evaluated. A framework, whereby the personal digital assistant is used in conjunction with the Internet to enhance the practice and education of oral pathology, is proposed.

Computers, Handheld↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Personality types and emotional disturbances in women with a pathological course of pregnancy].

Thirty women hospitalized for pathological course of pregnancy were studied by: H.J. Eysenck Personality Inventory, Spielberger Self-assessment Questionnary, Buss-Durkee Aggression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory. The results of the studies indicate that among the studied women neurotic persons are found three times more frequently than emotionally stable, introverts are found over two times more frequently than extraverts, and a relationship exists between the neuroticism level and the level of emotional disturbances. The neurotic persons are most depressed and aggressive, they feel most intense anxiety and they have highest guilt feeling. An interrelationship exists between negative obstetric history and pathological course of pregnancy, and characteristic personality type.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Antisocial personality disorder is associated with increased severity of gambling, medical, drug and psychiatric problems among treatment-seeking pathological gamblers.

AIMS: To evaluate systematically whether pathological gamblers with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) experience increased severity of gambling, medical, psychiatric, substance use and psychosocial problems compared to pathological gamblers without ASPD. PARTICIPANTS, DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: Pathological gamblers (n = 237) entering an out-patient treatment study for pathological gambling completed the ASPD section of the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version IV (DSM-IV) Personality Disorders, California Psychological Inventory-Socialization Scale, Addiction Severity Index (ASI), Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and gambling questionnaires. SETTING: Pathological gambling research clinic. FINDINGS: Thirty-nine (16.5%) pathological gamblers met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for ASPD. Compared to pathological gamblers without ASPD, pathological gamblers with ASPD were younger, more likely to be male and divorced/separated, and had fewer years of education. They also began gambling earlier in life, reported increased severity of gambling, medical and drug problems, and scored higher on the paranoid ideation, somatization and phobic anxiety subscales of the BSI. Further, logistic regression identified male gender, history of illicit drug use and severity of gambling and medical problems as independent predictors of ASPD. CONCLUSIONS: These results underscore the importance of assessing a wide range of behaviors and personality indices, including ASPD, among treatment-seeking pathological gamblers.

Adult↗