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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Dietary lipids modulate eicosanoid release and apoptosis of cells of a murine lung alveolar carcinoma.

Dietary arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosanoids influence neoplastic cell (NC) growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Plasma membrane fatty acid and cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) products were investigated in lung alveolar carcinoma cells from mice fed on different diets. Two groups were fed on a basic diet plus 6% of: corn oil (rich in 18:2n-6; CO) and on olein oil (rich in 18:1n-9; O), respectively. Control group (C) received commercial diet. NC fatty acids were analyzed by GLC, and apoptosis by flow cytometry and microscopy. In NC from CO group AA levels and LOX metabolites were increased, whereas COX metabolites decreased. NC from CO compared to O group diet showed a higher count of apoptosis and increased LOX:COX ratio. High levels of AA and decreased COX eicosanoids has been involved in anti-tumoral mechanisms by increasing tumor cell apoptosis. Present data emphasizes the implications of the dietary fatty acids on the neoplastic process in this tumoral model.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed2005

Specific enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase activity in the HPT and HPO axes of rats with breast cancer induced by N-methyl nitrosourea.

State and function of breast depend on an endocrinological balance, the upsetting of which can be a factor favorable to the development of cancer. Enkephalins (ENK) have been considered as a particular form of adaptation to defense to the organism against neoplastic processes. However, ENK may modify the endocrine functions of glands such as the ovary or the thyroid through the hypothalamus-pituitary axis, acting direct or indirectly as endocrine, paracrine or autocrine stimulatory growth factors. The present work analyses enkephalin-degrading tyrosyl aminopeptidase (EDA) activity in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) and hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary (HPO) axes in a rat model of breast cancer induced by N-methyl-nitrosourea (NMU) to state the relationship between ENK levels modification through EDA activity at different neuroendocrine levels and breast cancer. Results obtained show a decrease in EDA activity in hypothalamus, anterior and posterior pituitary, thyroid and ovary, suggesting increased levels of ENK in all these locations. These ENK may induce breast cancer cell growth and progression not only at breast level, but also acting at several neuroendocrine levels such as the HPT and HPO axes, inducing an unbalance of several other hormones, which could also facilitate the progression of cancer as an undesirable concomitant effect.

Aminopeptidases↗
PubMed2006

Conservative surgical treatment of low-grade urothelial carcinoma in the renal allograft recipient: a case report.

Development of urothelial carcinoma in a renal allograft is rare. We report the case of 52-year-old male patient who developed chronic renal failure secondary to Balkan endemic nephropathy and underwent renal allotransplantation. The patient who developed low-grade pTa urothelial carcinoma in the left contracted kidney at 3 years after transplantation and underwent nephroureterectomy. Three years later, the same neoplastic process was observed in the renal allograft. Preoperative estimation for allograft tumor recurrence and progression included percutaneous tumor biopsy followed by cytopathological, histological, and cytogenetic analysis. Cytopathology revealed well-differentiated urothelial tumor cells. Histopathologic analysis showed low-grade urothelial carcinoma. Cytogenetic examination demonstrated that the tumor originated from the recipient suggesting a low malignant potential of carcinoma. Based on these findings, we decided to perform a right-side nephroureterectomy and graft-sparing procedure, which resulted in preservation of allograft function. In this report we discussed the prognostic factors, which are the basis for rational therapeutic approaches in these patients.

Balkan Nephropathy↗
PubMed2004

Growth factors regulate beta-catenin-mediated TCF-dependent transcriptional activation in fibroblasts during the proliferative phase of wound healing.

Beta-catenin is a critical regulator of cell behavior during embryogenesis and neoplastic processes. It also plays a crucial role in repair by modulating dermal fibroblast activity during the proliferative phase of cutaneous wound healing. We hypothesize that growth factors liberated during the initial phase of wound healing convey signals to induce activation of beta-catenin-mediated TCF-dependent signaling during the proliferative phase. Dermal fibroblasts were isolated and cultured from mice containing a beta-galactosidase reporter responsive to beta-catenin-TCF transactivation (TCF-beta-gal). Cells were stimulated with growth factors present at the initial phase of wound healing. EGF and TGF-beta1 significantly increased beta-catenin protein levels and transcriptional activity, whereas beta-catenin mRNA expression was unaffected. This increase was attributed to inactivation of GSK-3beta, a kinase important for beta-catenin destabilization. Subcutaneous injection of EGF or TGF-beta1 before wounding of TCF-beta-gal mice resulted in larger scars and fibroblasts within these wounds that strongly stained for beta-galactosidase, indicating significant beta-catenin transcriptional activity in vivo. Thus, beta-catenin-mediated signaling is activated downstream of growth factors released during the initial phase of wound repair, and may act during the proliferative phase of wound healing to integrate signals from initial phase factors into the expression of genes important during the later, remodeling phase.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Celiac disease presenting as a paraneoplastic syndrome in a patient with synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancers.

OBJECTIVE: Celiac disease is characterized by gluten intolerance and commonly manifests with unexplained diarrhea, abdominal distention and weight loss. Infrequently, patients present with vague, non-specific symptoms which often delay diagnosis and treatment. CASE: A 52-year-old female with a history of synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancers, previously treated with surgical resection, staging and pelvic irradiation, presented with progressive paresthesias in her extremities. Extent of disease work-up was unremarkable. Neurologic evaluation suggested celiac disease which was later proven by duodenal biopsy. CONCLUSION: The development of new or worsening neurologic symptoms in the cancer patient requires a thorough evaluation especially to exclude metastatic disease and/or paraneoplastic syndromes. Once neoplastic processes are excluded, celiac disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with unexplained neurologic dysfunction.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMed1997

Skeletal system: biomechanical concepts and relationships to normal and abnormal conditions.

The human skeleton is a remarkable organ that is uniquely designed to provide structural support and to house the body's hematopoietic system and mineral reservoirs. Seven concepts that will assist the clinician in understanding skeletal function are (1) material properties of bone, (2) stress and strain, (3) bending moments and torsional loads, (4) area moments of inertia, (5) fatigue and catastrophic failure, (6) Wolff's law, and (7) stress risers and open section effect. For example, as the modulus of a bone, a measure of stiffness decreases as in Padget's disease or fibrous dysplasia and the same levels of stress will cause greater deformations. The sum of these principles also explains the torus fracture (ductility), fracture of the olecranon by contracting tricep muscle (tensile loading), osteoporotic compression fracture of the spine, and the other biomechanical lesions that are encountered. Understanding these basic biomechanical principles can help physicians comprehend neoplastic processes and fractures that are the metabolic responses of the skeleton to stress and that appear on the radionuclide bone scan.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2005

[Clinically-amyopathic dermatomyositis: presentation of three cases].

Dermatomyositis is a connective tissue disease which has several factors involved in its etiology. Recently, the existence of a sub-type called amyopathic dermatomyositis has been accepted, whose cutaneous manifestations are indistinguishable from the ones that appear in the classic form of the disease. However, it is different from the classic form in that clinical findings of muscular involvement are initially absent. The association of these two sets of symptoms with the possible presence of an underlying neoplastic process has been described on numerous occasions, and has been the subject of extensive debate. We present three patients with amyopathic dermatomyositis, two males aged 27 and 45 and a female aged 54, the latter associated with a malignant process, and we discuss and review the main differential features of the entity and its relationship with different types of neoplasms.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Gap junctional intercellular communication and connexin 43 expression in ovarian carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: Gap junctions, which are composed of subunits termed connexins, are plasma membrane channels that link the interior of adjacent cells and permit cells to directly exchange small molecules and ions. Loss or dysfunction of gap junctions appears to be important in allowing cancer cells to escape growth regulation. In a previous study we showed that human ovarian surface epithelial cells exhibited extensive gap junctions and expression of connexin 43. These were nearly absent in human ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines. To ensure that this variation was not artificially produced by culturing techniques, this study evaluated gap junctions and connexin 43 expressions in normal ovaries and in ovarian adenocarcinomas. STUDY DESIGN: Specimens of normal ovaries and ovarian adenocarcinomas were obtained at the time of surgery and flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen. Connexin 43 immunostaining was performed on all specimens. RESULTS: Among the 11 normal ovaries an average of 59% of the surface epithelium stained positively for connexin 43. In contrast, among the 10 ovarian adenocarcinomas only 19% of each specimen stained positively for connexin 43 (P =.01). CONCLUSION: Similar to our studies on human ovarian surface epithelial cells and ovarian adenocarcinoma cell lines, surgical specimens of normal ovary exhibited extensive connexin 43 expression, whereas connexin 43 expression was nearly absent in ovarian adenocarcinomas. It thus appears that the previously reported loss of gap junctions and connexin 43 was actually associated with a neoplastic process, rather than being artificially induced in the laboratory.

Connexin 43↗
PubMed2002

Gorham disease of the orbit.

PURPOSE: To report a case of Gorham disease, also known as vanishing bone disease, of the orbit. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS: A 43-year-old Caucasian woman developed a depression in her left temple, pulsation in her left upper eyelid and temple, and bulging of the left upper eyelid and headache. Computerized tomography revealed a lytic lesion in the roof of the left orbit. RESULTS: Intraoperative examination of the lesion revealed a bony defect in the left orbital roof. Surgical intervention resulted in improvement of her symptoms, and pathology failed to reveal evidence of malignancy or other benign neoplastic process. CONCLUSION: Gorham disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lytic bony lesions of the orbit.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Infectious angiogenesis: Bartonella bacilliformis infection results in endothelial production of angiopoetin-2 and epidermal production of vascular endothelial growth factor.

Pathological angiogenesis, the development of a microvasculature by neoplastic processes, is a critical component of the development of tumors. The role of oncogenes in the induction of angiogenesis has been extensively studied in benign and malignant tumors. However, the role of infection in inducing angiogenesis is not well understood. Verruga peruana is a clinical syndrome caused by the bacterium Bartonella bacilliformis, and is characterized by the development of hemangioma-like lesions, in which bacteria colonize endothelial cells. To gain insight into how this bacteria induces angiogenesis in vivo, we performed in situ hybridization of clinical specimens of verruga peruana for the angiogenesis factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), its receptors VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, and angiopoietin-2. High-level expression of angiopoietin-2 and VEGF receptors was observed in the endothelium of verruga peruana. Surprisingly, the major source of VEGF production in verruga peruana is the overlying epidermis. Infection of cultured endothelium with B. bacilliformis also resulted in induction of angiopoetin-2 in vitro. These findings imply a collaboration between infected endothelium and overlying epidermis to induce angiogenesis.

Angiogenesis Inducing Agents↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of c-met expression in ovarian epithelial tumors and normal epithelia of the female reproductive tract by quantitative laser scan microscopy.

The transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor c-met with its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), acts as a mitogen, motogen, and morphogen in many normal epithelia. HGF/SF-met signaling has also been implicated in neoplastic progression and metastasis. In this study, immunofluorescence staining and quantitative laser scanning confocal microscopy were used to measure c-met expression in ovarian surface epithelial tumors from 17 oophorectomy specimens. These specimens were from patients aged 25 to 81 (mean age, 52) and included 10 malignant tumors, 4 borderline tumors, and five benign tumors including a Brenner tumor. For comparison, c-met expression was measured in normal tissues from the same patients, including 4 ovarian surface epithelia, 4 fallopian tube epithelia, 2 endometria, and 3 endocervical epithelia, as well as 3 cases of endometriosis. Relative pixel intensity values of c-met expression ranged from 0.4 in a normal ovarian surface epithelium to 22.3 in a borderline serous tumor. Malignant tumors (mean, 9.6) and borderline tumors (mean, 12.9) had higher average c-met expression levels than normal tissues (mean, 3.6) and endometriosis (mean, 1.8). The expression levels of benign tumors were intermediate (mean, 7.9). Among the normal tissues, c-met expression in fallopian tubes (mean, 8.2; range, 3.4-12.9) was higher than that of the other normal epithelia (mean, 1.6; range, 0.4-4.3). In eight cases where both normal and malignant tissues were sampled, c-met expression was significantly greater in malignant than in normal epithelia (P = 0.01). These findings indicate that c-met plays a role in the biology of the normal tissues examined. They confirm that its expression increases in the malignant progression of ovarian surface epithelial tumors, and suggest that increases comparable to those in frankly malignant carcinomas have already been reached in borderline lesions, ie, early in the neoplastic process.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

Menopausal effects on presentation, treatment, and survival of women with non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Small population studies have reported higher survival rates for women than men with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Because human NSCLC cells express estrogen receptors, we evaluated hormonally active and inactive women to identify biologically mediated differences. METHODS: A total of 14,676 US women with stage I through IV primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from the 1992 to 1997 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were grouped into two categories based on the average menopausal age of 51 years as defined by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: ages 31 to 50 premenopausal (n = 2,230, 15%) and ages 51 to 70 postmenopausal (n = 12,446, 85%). Extreme ages were excluded. Statistics were calculated with chi(2) or Mann-Whitney tests, Kaplan-Meier estimates with log-rank tests, and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Premenopausal women more commonly presented with advanced clinical stage, less favorable histology (adenocarcinoma), and poorly differentiated tumors, and more often underwent pneumonectomies. Surgery with curative intent was performed in 31% premenopausal and 33% postmenopausal women (p = 0.03). Overall survival for premenopausal and postmenopausal women was not significantly different (median 10 and 9 months, all stages; 70 and 71 months, stages I and II). Adjusting for significant covariates (stage, histology, size, grade, extent of surgery), postmenopausal women had higher lung-cancer-related deaths (hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.27). CONCLUSIONS: Premenopausal women presented more often with advanced disease and underwent more extensive resection, yet had survival advantage after covariate adjustment. Additionally, postmenopausal women had a survival advantage compared with their male counterparts. Results suggest that estrogen exposure creates a milieu that may confer a protective effect through some yet unknown mechanisms that determine outcome of the neoplastic process and warrant further investigation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Polypoid sarcomas of the esophagus. A rare but potentially curable neoplasm.

Five patients with polypoid esophageal sarcoma are reported. All had dysphagia similar to that occurring in epithelial carcinoma of the esophagus. The clinical diagnosis of sarcoma was suspected when barium swallow showed a large polypoid lesion. Biopsy was often inconclusive concerning the nature of the lesion except to identify it as a neoplastic process. In spite of their large size, the tumors remained superficial within the esophageal wall. Nodal or distant organ metastasis was absent in 4 of the 5 patients. The histology of these tumors suggests that so-called carcinosarcoma is an epithelial carcinoma of the esophagus with varying amounts of spindle cell features and should be considered separately from sarcoma arising from mesenchymal tissue. Unlike carcinoma, esophageal sarcoma has a favorable prognosis following radical resection, and recent advances in esophageal surgery have decreased the mortality and morbidity of esophagectomy.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Polyunsaturated fatty acids, melatonin, and cancer prevention.

Many nutritional, hormonal, and environmental factors affect carcinogenesis and growth of established tumors in rodents. In some cases, these factors may either enhance or attenuate the neoplastic process. Recent experiments performed in our laboratory using tissue-isolated rat hepatoma 7288CTC in vivo or during perfusion in situ have demonstrated new interactions among four of these factors. Two agents, dietary linoleic acid (C18:2n6) and "light at night," enhanced tumor growth, and two others, melatonin and n3 fatty acids, attenuated growth. Linoleic acid stimulated tumor growth because it is converted by hepatoma 7288CTC to the mitogen, 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (13-HODE). Melatonin, the neurohormone synthesized and secreted at night by the pineal gland, and dietary n3 fatty acids are potent antitumor agents. Both inhibited tumor linoleic acid uptake and 13-HODE formation. Artificial light, specifically "light at night," increased tumor growth because it suppressed melatonin synthesis and enhanced 13-HODE formation. Melatonin and n3 fatty acids acted via similar or identical G(i) protein-coupled signal transduction pathways, except that melatonin receptors and putative n3 fatty acid receptors were used. The results link the four factors in a common mechanism and provide new insights into the roles of dietary n6 and n3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake, "light at night," and melatonin in cancer prevention in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Mediastinal lymph node enlargement and splenomegaly in primary hypogammaglobulinaemia.

The computed tomography (CT) scans of 37 patients with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia were reviewed to determine the frequency of enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes and splenomegaly in this group. None of the 10 X-linked Agammaglobulinaemia (XLA) patients had enlarged nodes and only one had splenomegaly. Eleven of the 27 Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) group had enlarged nodes (41%) and 13 had splenomegaly (48%). There was no significant correlation between the presence of enlarged nodes and splenic enlargement. Twenty-two patients had bronchiectasis but the presence of bronchiectasis did not correlate with the presence of either splenomegaly or lymphadenopathy. Three to 6 years follow-up is available for 36 of the 37 patients and none of this group have developed lymphoma or other malignancy. Enlarged mediastinal nodes and/or splenomegaly are frequently found in patients with CVID and are usually due to a benign, non-neoplastic, process. Mediastinal lymph node enlargement is not a feature of XLA and splenomegaly is unusual in this condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Changes of fucose content in the surface glycoproteins of macrophages induced by golden hamster transplantable melanomas.

The influence of two kinds of transplantable melanomas on the content of fucose in the surface glycoproteins of hamster peritoneal macrophages was studied. An increase in the content of fucose, more prominent in surface material of macrophages from animals with melanotic melanoma was found. It has been suggested that this phenomenon is connected with the neoplastic process, and that the different susceptibility of the macrophages from experimental animals to macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF) is related to changes in the content of fucose in the surface glycoproteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against the leukemia inhibitory factor low affinity receptor, gp190.

Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin-M (OSM), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and cardiotrophin-1 (CT1) act through transmembrane receptors which share the gp190 glycoprotein chain. The understanding of its involvement in the biology of these cytokines is of importance since these systems have recently been shown to participate in major inflammatory and neoplastic processes such as myelomatosis (Rose-John, S., Heinrich, P.C., 1994. Soluble receptors for cytokines and growth factors: generation and biological function. Biochem. J. 300, 281). In addition, this family of receptors also shares the gp130 transducing chain, with the IL6 and IL11 receptors. Because IL6 and gp130 were the first members to be discovered, most of the available reagents are directed at them. In this respect, monoclonal antibodies have played a major role in elucidating these receptor/ligand interactions and exploring the pathophysiological aspects of their biology. So far, no such reagents have been described for the gp190. We now report the production and characterization of 16 monoclonal antibodies directed against human gp190. They were obtained using recombinant chimeric or truncated proteins produced in a eukaryotic CHO cell line. One was able to block the biological activity of LIF. Because gp190 comprises two hematopoietin binding domains, crude epitope mapping was possible using the same reagents. While more of these antibodies are required, the present set validate the technological approach used for their preparation and should improve our understanding of this class of cytokines.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Ploidy disturbance of normal-appearing bladder mucosa in patients with urothelial cancer: relationship to morphology.

A total of 4 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder underwent complete mapping of the mucosa and tumors with combined cytologic, histologic and flow cytometric evaluation of the extent of involvement of the neoplastic process. Flow cytometric measurement of the cellular deoxyribonucleic acid content in multiple cell samples taken at cystoscopy showed similar changes in the normal mucosa as in the tumors. These changes consisted of an increased fraction of cells with S-phase deoxyribonucleic acid content in 2 patients with grades 1 and 2 tumors, and the presence of extensive aneuploidy in 2 patients with World Health Organization grades 2 and 3 tumors. While grade 1 and some grade 2 tumors (World Health Organization) are composed only of diploid cells, some of the grade 2 and all grade 3 tumors consist of a mixture of diploid and aneuploid populations. Such aneuploid clones could be identified in normal-appearing mucosa and, thus, be a source of new occurrences. The impression of heterogeneity in histograms from different tumors within the same bladder is assumed to be caused by a variation in the ratio between aneuploid and diploid populations (high ratio in tumor and low in normal-appearing mucosa). This phenomenon may be the reason for variation in grading based on histological studies.

Aged↗