Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Multiple Birth”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Evaluation of a new embryo-grading system to predict pregnancy rates following in vitro fertilization.

This study examines two descriptive parameters of embryo morphology to determine if either parameter correlates with subsequent pregnancy rates (PRs). The two parameters were the evenness (similarity in size) of the blastomeres and the degree of cellular fragmentation. A total of 242 embryo transfers in which 4 embryos were transferred were included. Sixty-nine (28.5%) clinical and 62 (25.6%) viable pregnancies resulted. In all cases 4 embryos were transferred, but the number of embryos with even round blastomeres (grade 1) varied from 0 to 4. Statistically, there was no correlation between PR and number of grade 1 embryos transferred. When 4 grade 1 embryos were transferred, the PR was 33.3 versus 28.1% when no grade 1 embryos were transferred. There was, however, a statistical difference in the implantation rate; a higher frequency of multiple gestations occurred when 3 or 4 of the embryos transferred were graded 1:12.7 as compared with 6.7% when < or = 2 embryos were grade 1. The significance of the degree of cellular fragmentation in the embryos was also assessed. There was no statistical difference in the PR according to the number (0-4) of embryos transferred that did not have fragments (grade A). When 4 grade A embryos were transferred, the PR was 18.2 versus 26.1% when there were no grade A embryos. Neither implantation nor multiple birth rates correlated with fragmentation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Infant survival and litter size in primigravid and multigravid Galagos.

Eighteen years of birth records for three species of Galago at the Duke University Primate Center were examined to determine the effect of gravidity status on neonatal mortality and litter size. Multiparous Galago senegalensis moholi and G crassicaudatus, but not G garnettii, had significantly higher infant survival rates. Gravidity status had no effect on the percentage of multiple births for any of the three species of Galago.

Aging↗
PubMed1994

[1993 evaluation of sperm donor conceptions. French Federation of CECOS].

In year 1993, the results record the referred activity of French Federation of CECOS and IFREARES-Toulouse. 6,480 patients underwent donor inseminations for one or more cycles, 19,924 cycles were undertaken resulting in 2,130 pregnancies using AID or IVF. 569 volunteers men come forwards as donors. The analysis of 1,675 deliveries resulting of recoveries realised in 1992, showed always with IVF, a high rate for twins and multiple births. The activity of semen preservation and embryo's storage is always increasing. The wishes about the parentless outcome embryos is performed.

Female↗
PubMed2005

Optimum number of embryos to transfer in women more than 40 years of age undergoing treatment with assisted reproductive technologies.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether increasing the number of embryos transferred beyond five increases pregnancy rates in women aged > 40 years. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of cycles performed between January 1998 and July 2003. SETTING: University-affiliated teaching hospital. PATIENT(S): Women aged > 40 years undergoing a fresh cycle with a day-3 ET (n = 863). INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Pregnancy, chemical pregnancy, miscarriage rates, number of viable fetuses at 12 weeks' gestation, live birth rates, and number of babies delivered. RESULT(S): Compared with patients with fewer than five embryos transferred, those having five or more embryos transferred had significantly increased pregnancy rates and live birth rates, more viable fetuses at 12 weeks, and significantly decreased miscarriage rates. None of these outcome variables differed between the five-embryo and more-than-five-embryo groups. There were no differences in outcome when only five embryos were transferred, regardless of whether five or more than five embryos were available. The number of embryos transferred did not significantly influence multiple birth rates. CONCLUSION(S): The present study demonstrates that in women aged > 40 years, five embryos is the optimum number to transfer, and transferring more than five does not confer any additional benefit to clinical outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Early life risk factors for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a population-based cohort study.

OBJECTIVES: To Identify risk factors for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to determine whether these factors differ between boys and girls. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We conducted a case-control study of all children born between January 1, 1976, and December 31, 1982, in Olmsted County, Minnesota (N=5701), and examined birth certificates for risk factors for ADHD. Using school and medical records, we identified 305 children with ADHD. All children not identified with ADHD served as controls (N=5326). Risk factors that were assessed included demographic characteristics of both children and parents, as well as pregnancy, labor, and delivery characteristics, including the effect of a multiple birth and presence of pregnancy and delivery complications. RESULTS: Pregnancy and labor characteristics, low birth weight, and presence of a twin birth were not associated with ADHD. Male sex (odds ratio [OR], 3.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.34-3.98) was associated with an increased risk for ADHD, whereas high maternal and paternal education levels (high maternal education: OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.42-0.78; high paternal education: OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.49-0.78) were associated with a decreased risk for ADHD. In addition, low maternal and paternal education levels increased the risk for ADHD in boys more than in girls. CONCLUSION: Male sex and low parental education levels are significant risk factors for ADHD. In addition, boys born to parents with low maternal and paternal education levels appear to be at an increased risk for ADHD compared with girls born to parents with low education levels.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Delayed interval delivery and infant survival: a population-based study.

OBJECTIVE: Delaying delivery of the remaining fetus(es) in a multifetal pregnancy is feasible in some cases. However, the impact of this procedure on infant survival is unclear. STUDY DESIGN: We used the US 1995-1998 Matched Multiple Birth File. We identified 200 twin pregnancies in which the first twin was delivered between 17 and 29 weeks of gestation and the second twin was delivered 2 or more days later. We individually matched the delayed deliveries with 374 twin pregnancies in which the second twin was delivered on the same or next calendar day. Perinatal outcomes and infant survival were compared between the delayed and nondelayed twins. RESULTS: Among the 200 pregnancies with delayed delivery, the mean gestational age at first delivery was 23 weeks and the median duration of delay was 6 days (ranging from 2-107 days). One week of delay in delivery was associated with an increase in infant birth weight of 131 g on average (95% CI: 115-147 g). Moreover, 56% of the delayed second twins survived to 1 year of age, whereas only 24% of the nondelayed second twins survived to 1 year of age (P <.001). However, 11% of the second twin in delayed delivery (95% CI: 6%-16%) experienced fetal death before 24 weeks. CONCLUSION: Delayed delivery of the remaining fetus(es) before 30 weeks of gestation for 2 or more days was associated with improved infant survival.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1997

Population based study of rates of multiple pregnancies in Denmark, 1980-94.

OBJECTIVE: To study trends in multiple pregnancies not explained by changes in maternal age and parity patterns. DESIGN: Trends in population based figures for multiple pregnancies in Denmark studied from complete national records on parity history and vital status. POPULATION: 497,979 Danish women and 803,019 pregnancies, 1980-94. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: National rates of multiple pregnancies, infant mortality, and stillbirths controlled for maternal age and parity. Special emphasis on primiparous women > or = 30 years of age, who are most likely to undergo fertility treatment. RESULTS: The national incidence of multiple pregnancies increased 1.7-fold during 1980-94, the increase primarily in 1989-94 and almost exclusively in primiparous women aged > or = 30 years, for whom the adjusted population based twinning rate increased 2.7-fold and the triplet rate 9.1-fold. During 1989-94, the adjusted yearly increase in multiple pregnancies for these women was 19% (95% confidence interval 16% to 21%) and in dizygotic twin pregnancies 25% (21% to 28%). The proportion of multiple births among infant deaths in primiparous women > or = 30 years increased from 11.5% to 26.9% during the study period. The total infant mortality, however, did not increase for these women because of a simultaneous significant decrease in infant mortality among singletons. CONCLUSIONS: A relatively small group of women has drastically changed the overall national rates of multiple pregnancies. The introduction of new treatments to enhance fertility has probably caused these changes and has also affected the otherwise decreasing trend in infant mortality. Consequently, the resources, both economical and otherwise, associated with these treatments go well beyond those invested in specific fertility enhancing treatments.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Prediction of survival for preterm births by weight and gestational age: retrospective population based study.

OBJECTIVE: To produce current data on survival of preterm infants. DESIGN: Retrospective population based study. SETTING: Trent health region. SUBJECTS: All European and Asian live births, stillbirths, and late fetal losses from 22 to 32 weeks' gestation, excluding those with major congenital malformations, in women resident in the Trent health region between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 1997. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Birth weight and gestational age specific survival for both European and Asian infants (a) known to be alive at the onset of labour, and (b) admitted for neonatal care. RESULTS: 738 deaths occurred in 3760 infants born between 22 and 32 weeks' gestation during the study period, giving an overall survival rate of 80.4%. The survival rate for the 3489 (92.8%) infants admitted for neonatal care was 86.6%. For European infants known to be alive at the onset of labour, significant variations in gestation specific survival by birth weight emerged from 24 weeks' gestation: survival ranged from 9% (95% confidence interval 7% to 13%) for infants of birth weight 250-499 g to 21% (16% to 28%) for those of 1000-1249 g. At 27 weeks' gestation, survival ranged from 55% (49% to 61%) for infants of birth weight 500-749 g (below the 10th centile) to 80% (76% to 85%) for those of 1250-1499 g. Infants who were large for dates (>/=27 weeks' gestation) had a slightly reduced, but not significant, predicted survival. Similar survival rates were observed for Asian infants. The odds ratio for the survival of infants from a multiple birth compared with singleton infants was 1.4 (1.1 to 1.8). Survival graphs for infants admitted for neonatal care are presented by sex. CONCLUSION: Easy to use birth weight and gestational age specific predicted survival graphs for preterm infants facilitate decision making for clinicians and parents. It is important that these graphs are representative, are produced for a geographically defined population, and are not biased towards the outcomes of particular centres. Such graphs, produced in two stages, allow for the changing pattern of survival of infants from the start of the intrapartum period to immediately after admission for neonatal care.

Asia↗
PubMed1986

Epidemiological study of congenital talipes calcaneovalgus.

Among 671,494 children born in South American hospitals participating in the Collaborative Latin American Study of Congenital Malformations (ECLAMC), 284 had talipes calcaneovalgus, corresponding to an incidence of 4.2 per 10,000 live births. Genetic and environmental risk factors were investigated in the sample of malformed newborns with talipes calcaneovalgus and in matched control babies. An excess number of females was found among the newborns with talipes calcaneovalgus. Talipes calcaneovalgus patients did not differ from the matched controls in terms of ethnic groups, inbreeding coefficient, time between gestations or multiple births. However, the data suggested that breech delivery and primiparae mothers are higher risk factors for this newborn malformation.

Birth Intervals↗
PubMed1995

Outcome in children from cryopreserved embryos.

A cohort of 91 children from cryopreserved embryos and 83 control children who were conceived normally had their development assessed using the Griffiths's scales of mental development. The controls (81 singletons and two twins) of a similar age, sex, and social class were selected from siblings, cousins, and peers of the cryopreserved embryo group (68 singleton, 20 twins, and three triplets). Children from cryopreserved embryos had a lower mean birth weight and mean gestational age and a higher proportion were born by caesarean section. One child from the cryopreserved embryo group had Down's syndrome, three had squints, and four had conductive hearing loss while in the control children, six had squints, and nine had conductive hearing loss. In both groups, including the child with Down's syndrome, the mean Griffiths's quotient was greater than the standard 100. In the children from cryopreserved embryos, the singleton and multiple birth subgroups had statistically similar assessment results. The mean (SD) Griffiths's quotient was 105.69 (13.55) in children from cryopreserved embryos and 108.18 (9.80) in controls at a chronological age of 25.08 (12.86) and 29.19 (14.65) months respectively. Overall, the development in children from cryopreserved embryos did not cause concern though formal testing had highlighted small differences compared with other children conceived normally and of a similar social class.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed2005

Infant mortality in Israel during 1950-2000: rates, causes, demographic characteristics and trends.

We evaluated the trends and risk factors in infant mortality in Israel over five decades (1950-2000), based on data obtained from the official notifications of live births, and death certificates. Until the 1960s the main cause of infant mortality was infectious disease; this was replaced by congenital anomalies in Moslems and Druzes, and preterm birth in Jews and Christians. In 2000, there were 746 infant deaths, and the national infant mortality rate (IMR) was 5.4 per 1000 live births (Jews 3.9; [95% CI 3.5, 4.3]; Moslems 9.2 [8.3, 10.3]; Christians 3.6 [1.4, 5.8]; Druzes 6.3 [3.6, 9.0]). Between 1955 and 2000 the overall IMR declined sevenfold (absolute declines of 56.8, 56.3, 45.0 and 28.3 per 1000 live births, in Moslems, Druzes, Christians and Jews, respectively). The reduction in IMRs between 1990 and 2000 in all religious groups (>45%) exceeded the goal set by the World Summit for Children in 1990 of 33%. In 2000, the main risk factors were birthweight < 1500 g [relative risk (RR) = 69], major congenital malformations (RR = 22.0 [18.8, 25.7], and multiple births (RR of 9.3 and 4.2 in triplets and twins respectively). We conclude that the marked decline in IMRs in Israel over five decades reflects a major improvement in population health. Today, infant mortality in Israel represents a unique combination of high rate of congenital malformations among Moslems, where consanguineous marriages are common, and medical termination of pregnancy of malformed fetuses are infrequent; and relatively high IMRs from preterm birth in Jews, associated with high rates of assisted reproduction.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Infant mortality statistics from the 2001 period linked birth/infant death data set.

OBJECTIVES: This report presents 2001 period infant mortality statistics from the linked birth/infant death data set (linked file) by a variety of maternal and infant characteristics. METHODS: Descriptive tabulations of data are presented and interpreted. RESULTS: Infant mortality rates ranged from 3.2 per 1,000 live births for Chinese mothers to 13.3 for black mothers. Among Hispanics, rates ranged from 4.2 for Cuban mothers to 8.5 for Puerto Rican mothers. Infant mortality rates were higher for those infants whose mothers were born in the 50 States and the District of Columbia, were unmarried, or smoked during pregnancy. Infant mortality was also higher for male infants, multiple births, and infants born preterm or at low birthweight. The three leading causes of infant death--Congenital malformations, low birthweight, and Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)--taken together accounted for 44 percent of all infant deaths. Cause-specific mortality rates varied considerably by race and Hispanic origin. For infants of black mothers, the cause-specific infant mortality rate for low birthweight was nearly four times that for infants of white mothers. Between 1995 and 2001, the overall infant mortality rate declined by 10.5 percent; significant declines ranged from 8.2 percent for infants of non-Hispanic black mothers to 14.3 percent for infants of Hispanic mothers. The SIDS rate declined by 11 percent from 2000 to 2001. For infants of black and American Indian mothers, the SIDS rates were 2.2 and 2.8 times that for non-Hispanic white mothers.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Why do some women only give birth to boys or to girls?].

BACKGROUND: There are more families with many children of only one sex than can be explained by unconditional probability. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, covering more than 540,000 women with two, three and four births for the period 1967-2003, were used to study how the sex distributions of children already born affected the probability of a new birth and the sex of the next sibling. RESULTS: Women with two children of the same sex had a higher probability of having more children compared to women with two children of both sexes (RR=1.14, (1.14-1.15)). This also applied to mothers with three children (RR=1.15 (1.13-1.17)). The probability was highest for mothers with boys only. Multiple births and parity affected the probability of giving birth to a boy versus a girl, but the sex composition of already born siblings had no influence. INTERPRETATION: We have no evidence that some parents may have a probability of having a boy versus a girl that differs from the rest of the population. The fact that there are more siblings of only one sex is mainly behavioural; some mothers with only girls or only boys keep having more children in an attempt to receive a child of the opposite sex.

Birth Rate↗
PubMed1983

Gender after artificial induction of ovulation and artificial insemination.

Several studies on artificial insemination by donor (AID) semen have suggested that the gender of infants can be influenced by treatment of the women with clomiphene citrate (CC) and by the type of semen used (fresh versus cryopreserved). We conducted a 3-year prospective clinical trial to test these hypotheses. Two groups of pregnant women were evaluated. Group I (n = 130) comprised women whose ovulation was induced by CC; group II (n = 190) comprised those who conceived during spontaneous ovulatory cycles. In a total of 320 pregnancies, 55 spontaneous abortions occurred, 23.1% in group I and 13.2% in group II (P less than or equal to 0.05). Two tubal ectopic pregnancies occurred in group I. Of the 100 and 165 pregnancies carried to term in the treated and control groups, respectively, 11% and 1.8% involved twins (P less than or equal to 0.005). When only single births were considered, group I had 46.1% males in 89 term pregnancies, and group II had 60.5% males in 162 term pregnancies. Significantly more female offspring occurred in the group treated with CC (P less than or equal to 0.05). Because it is possible that a portion of the effects observed in this study were a function of cryopreservation of the AID semen, we compared data on frozen sperm with data on fresh sperm in terms of abortion, gender, and incidence of multiple births; there were no significant differences. Fertil Steril 40:481, 1983.

Clomiphene↗
PubMed2004

The merits of blastocyst versus cleavage stage embryo transfer: a Cochrane review.

UNLABELLED: This paper is based on a Cochrane review published in The Cochrane Library, issue 2, 2002 (see www.CochraneLibrary.net for information) with permission from The Cochrane Collaboration and John Wiley and Sons. Cochrane reviews are regularly updated as new evidence emerges and in response to comments and criticisms, and The Cochrane Library should be consulted for the most recent version of the review. BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the relative merits of blastocyst versus cleavage stage embryo transfer, concerning the chance of pregnancy, live birth, multiple pregnancy and the factors contributing to these primary outcomes, from the best available evidence. METHODS: A systematic review employing the principles of the Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group was undertaken. Fourteen randomized controlled trials, all comparing day 2/3 with day 5/6 embryo transfer, were included in a meta-analysis. RESULTS: For day 2/3 versus day 5/6 transfer, there was no significant difference in the odds of pregnancy [odds ratio (OR) = 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71-1.17] nor of live birth (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.48-1.42) per treated couple. These results were similar whether all trials, only trials with transfer of equal numbers of day 2/3 versus day 5/6, or only trials with transfer of fewer day 5/6 than day 2/3 embryos, were pooled. There was no significant difference in the odds of multiple pregnancy for day 2/3 versus day 5/6 transfer overall (OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.52-1.13) nor when fewer day 5/6 than day 2/3 embryos were transferred (day 2/3 versus day 5/6 OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.42-1.12). CONCLUSION: The current evidence fails to support a widespread change of practice from cleavage stage to blastocyst stage embryo transfer in couples undergoing IVF.

Blastocyst↗
PubMed2004

Single blastocyst transfer: a prospective randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of single blastocyst transfer. DESIGN: Prospective randomized trial. SETTING: Private assisted reproductive technology unit. PATIENT(S): Forty-eight women undergoing IVF-embryo transfer with day 3 FSH 12 mm in diameter on day of hCG administration. INTERVENTION(S): Embryo culture to the blastocyst stage in sequential media G1/G2 followed by transfer of either one or two blastocysts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Implantation rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, and twinning. RESULT(S): The transfer of a single blastocyst resulted in an implantation and ongoing pregnancy rate of 60.9% with no twins. The transfer of two blastocysts resulted in an implantation rate of 56%, an ongoing pregnancy rate of 76% with a 47.4% incidence of twins. CONCLUSION(S): Single blastocyst transfer is an effective method of eliminating multiple births while maintaining high pregnancy rates in this selected group of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Infant mortality statistics from the 2000 period linked birth/infant death data set.

OBJECTIVES: This report presents the 2000 period infant mortality statistics from the linked birth/infant death data set (linked file) by a variety of maternal and infant characteristics. METHODS: Descriptive tabulations of data are presented and interpreted. RESULTS: Infant mortality rates ranged from 3.5 per 1,000 live births for Chinese mothers to 13.5 for black mothers. Among Hispanics, rates ranged from 4.5 for Cuban mothers to 8.2 for Puerto Rican mothers. Infant mortality rates were higher for those infants whose mothers had no prenatal care, were teenagers, had 9-11 years of education, were unmarried, or smoked during pregnancy. Infant mortality was also higher for male infants, multiple births, and infants born preterm or at low birthweight. The three leading causes of infant death--Congenital malformations, low birthweight, and Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)--taken together accounted for 45 percent of all infant deaths in the United States in 2000. Cause-specific mortality rates varied considerably by race and Hispanic origin. For infants of black mothers, the infant mortality rate for low birthweight was nearly four times that for white mothers. For infants of black and American Indian mothers, the SIDS rates were 2.4 and 2.3 times that for non-Hispanic white mothers.

Birth Weight↗