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PubMed2000

Increased natural killer-cell mobilization and cytotoxicity during marital conflict.

Natural killer (NK) cells are reproducibly mobilized into the circulation in response to intense physical exercise or acute psychological stress, and altered expression of adhesion molecules potentially contributes to NK-cell mobilization. Studies of leukocyte mobilization during acute stress have used psychological stressors which facilitate tight experimental control but have limited applicability to everyday life. We therefore used a laboratory model of marital conflict as an experientially meaningful acute stressor to elucidate relationships among conflict, cardiovascular reactivity, and altered leukocyte phenotype and function. Forty-one ethnically diverse, nondistressed, healthy married couples were asked to discuss a specific problem in their marriage for 15 min. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured before, during, and after the discussion, and blood was remotely drawn at the same time points to quantify numbers of specific leukocyte subsets, NK-cell adhesion molecule expression, and NK cytotoxicity. Couples responded to the conflict task with cardiovascular reactivity; increases in the percentages of circulating NK cells and CD8(+) T cells and decreases in the percentage of circulating CD4(+) T cells; decreases in the percentage of NK cells that express L-selectin; and increases in NK-cell cytotoxicity without a commensurate increase in per-cell cytotoxicity. Rapid downregulation or shedding of L-selectin (CD62L) from NK cells did not contribute to their mobilization during conflict. Instead, CD62L(-) NK cells were mobilized while CD62L(+) NK cells were selectively retained in the vascular marginating pool and/or in extravascular tissue. From a broader perspective, the data support the hypothesis that altered trafficking of specific leukocyte subsets is an integral component of the fight-or-flight response to an acute stressor.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Modulation of intracellular calcium transients and dopamine release by neuropeptide Y in PC-12 cells.

In PC-12 cells differentiated with nerve growth factor, neuropeptide Y (NPY) potentiated the K(+)-evoked increase in intracellular calcium, but this potentiation was not mediated by classical Y1 or Y2 NPY receptors. The potentiation by NPY appeared to occur through the mobilization of calcium from intracellular stores because thapsigargin successfully blocked the potentiation. In contrast, the Y2 agonist, NPY-(13-36), attenuated the K(+)-evoked increase in intracellular calcium by decreasing the influx of extracellular calcium. The effect of NPY-(13-36) on dopamine release from PC-12 cells was next studied. NPY-(13-36) significantly attenuated the K(+)-evoked dopamine release in a concentration-dependent manner. Nifedipine and omega-conotoxin also attenuated the evoked dopamine release. In the presence of nifedipine or omega-conotoxin, NPY-(13-36) produced further inhibition of the evoked dopamine release. Furthermore, NPY-(13-36)-induced inhibition of dopamine release was abolished by pertussis toxin pretreatment. We conclude that the regulatory effects of NPY and analogues on intracellular calcium are mediated by multiple NPY receptor subtypes. Y2 receptor-mediated pertussis toxin-sensitive inhibition of the evoked dopamine release does not seem to be due to interactions with L- or N-type Ca2+ channels.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Protein instability during HIC: describing the effects of mobile phase conditions on instability and chromatographic retention.

Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is known to be potentially denaturing to proteins, but the effects of mobile phase conditions on chromatographic behavior are not well understood. In this study, we apply a model describing the effects of secondary protein unfolding equilibrium on chromatographic behavior, including the effects of salt concentration on both stability and adsorption. We use alpha-lactalbumin as a model protein that in the presence and absence of calcium, allows evaluation of adsorption parameters for folded and unfolded species independently. The HIC adsorption equilibrium under linear binding conditions and solution phase protein stability have been obtained from a combination of literature and new experiments. The effect of salt concentration on protein stability and the rate constant for unfolding on the chromatographic surface have been determined by fitting the model to isocratic chromatography data under marginally stable conditions. The model successfully describes the effects of added calcium and ammonium sulfate. The results demonstrate the importance of considering the effects on stability of mobile phase modifiers when applying HIC to marginally stable

Adsorption↗
PubMed2006

Forward head posture and neck mobility in chronic tension-type headache: a blinded, controlled study.

Forward head posture (FHP) and neck mobility were objectively assessed in 25 patients with chronic tension-type headache (CTTH) and 25 healthy controls. Side-view pictures were taken in a sitting position to measure the cranio-vertebral angle. A cervical goniometer was employed to measure the range of all cervical motions. Patients with CTTH showed a smaller cranio-vertebral angle (45.3 degrees +/- 7.6 degrees) than controls (54.1 degrees +/- 6.3 degrees), thus presenting a greater FHP (P < 0.001). Patients also had lesser neck mobility for all cervical movements, except for right lateral flexion (P < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between the cranio-vertebral angle and neck mobility. Within the CTTH group, a negative correlation was found between the cranio-vertebral angle and headache frequency, but neck mobility did not correlate with headache parameters. Further research is needed to define a potential role of FHP and restricted neck mobility in the origin or maintenance of TTH.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Association of long-distance corridor walk performance with mortality, cardiovascular disease, mobility limitation, and disability.

CONTEXT: Aerobic fitness, an important predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality, is difficult to assess by maximal exercise testing in older adults. Extended walking tests have been examined as outcome predictors in medically ill populations but not in community-dwelling older adults. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an extended walking test predicts poor outcomes in older adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Observational cohort study enrolling 3075 community-dwelling adults aged 70 to 79 years living in Pittsburgh, Pa, or Memphis, Tenn. Of those participating in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study, 1584 (52%) were women and 1281 (42%) were black. Participants enrolled from March 1997 to April 1998. Ability to complete the long-distance corridor walk and total performance time was assessed at the baseline examination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total mortality, incident cardiovascular disease, incident mobility limitation, and mobility disability were ascertained after a mean (SD) of 4.9 (0.9) years. RESULTS: Among patients eligible to exercise, 351 died, 308 had episodes of incident cardiovascular disease, 1116 had occurrences of mobility limitation, and 509 had occurrences of mobility disability. Inability to complete walking 400 m tended to be associated with a higher risk of mortality and incident cardiovascular disease and, after accounting for potential confounders, was associated with incident mobility limitation (212.6 vs 79.1 events/1000 person-years; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58-2.18; P<.001) and mobility disability (85.2 vs 28.8 events/1000 person-years; adjusted HR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.56-2.44; P<.001). Of those who completed 400 m, each additional minute of performance time was associated with an adjusted HR of 1.29 (95% CI, 1.12-1.48) for mortality, 1.20 (95% CI, 1.01-1.42) for incident cardiovascular disease, 1.52 (95% CI, 1.41-1.63) for mobility limitation, and 1.52 (95% CI, 1.37-1.70) for disability after adjustment for demographics, health behaviors, clinical and subclinical disease, and cardiovascular disease risk factors. Findings were consistent in both men and women and blacks and whites. Among participants who completed the test and after adjusting for potential confounders, those in the poorest quartile of functional capacity (walk time >362 seconds) had a higher risk of death than those in the best quartile (walk time <290 seconds; adjusted HR, 3.23; 95% CI, 2.11-4.94; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Older adults in the community who reported no difficulty walking had a wide range of performance on this extended walking test. Ability to do the test and performance were important prognostic factors for total mortality, cardiovascular disease, mobility limitation, and mobility disability in persons in their eighth decade.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

G-CSF Primed Autologous Marrow Harvest and Transplantation in Cytapheresis "Mobilization Failure" Patients: A Descriptive Analysis; Bone Marrow Transplantation.

Fifteen cancer patients, deemed blood HSC "mobilization failures" due to CD34 + cell yields of < 0.5 x 10(6) /kg from two consecutive daily cytaphereses, underwent G-CSF primed autologous bone marrow harvest in an attempt to obtain adequate hematopoietic support for subsequent autotransplantation. CD34 + cell yields from the primed marrow harvest were variable; however, some patients had > 5-fold increases in CD34 + cell yields in the marrow compared to cytapheresis, and 4 patients had CD34 + cell yields of > 1.0 (i.e., 1.2, 1.44, 1.61 and 2.45) x 10(6) /kg from the primed marrow harvest. None of the five patients previously exposed to stem cell toxins or fludarabine achieved > 0.85 x 10(6) /kg CD34 + cells with the primed marrow harvest. A significant difference was noted between G-CSF primed blood and marrow for CD34 + cells but not for GM-CFU ( p = 0.011 and p = 0.135, respectively, paired t-test). All evaluable patients engrafted; a median ANC > 0.5 x 10(9) /L recovery was achieved on D + 12 (range + 9 to + 17) in 12 of 13 evaluable patients - one died on D + 9 without recovery. The last day of platelet transfusion occurred at a median D + 13 (range + 8 to > + 66); only one patient remained platelet transfusion-dependent beyond D + 34. As anticipated, patients with higher numbers of CD34 + cells transplanted had somewhat more rapid recoveries. Although stem cell damage is obviously a key factor in mobilization failure patients, these findings raise the possibility that poor mobilization, at least in some patients, results from a mechanism other than, or in addition to, simple stem cell damage. Moreover, they raise the issue of the minimum number of marrow CD34 + - or more arguably other - cells needed for adequate short- and long-term reconstitution. The role of G-CSF in this situation, especially regarding dose and/or schedule, is intriguing but remains to be clarified. G-CSF primed marrow harvest is a potential option in certain poor mobilizers but, as fully expected, is frequently inadequate. Whether such is preferable to "steady-state" marrow harvest, continued or repeated G-CSF primed cytapheresis (with or without chemotherapy), or primed marrow with G-CSF in other schedules - or with other cytokines - is unclear and will be the subject of further study.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

Determination of maltitol, isomaltitol, and lactitol by high-pH anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection.

Disaccharide alditols (DAs) such as maltitol, isomaltitol, and lactitol are increasingly being employed in food industry by virtue of their low hydroscopicity, high stability, and good bulking properties. Still, these compounds are reduced-calorie sweeteners, so they are successfully employed in many dietetic foods, like candies, chocolates, baked products, ice creams, and beverages. Here we describe the determination of maltitol, isomaltitol, and lactitol, along with other common carbohydrates, in some foodstuffs such as toffees, biscuits, creams, sponge cakes, chocolates, roasted malt, and chicory leaves. Separations were accomplished by high-pH anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) with pulsed amperometric detection using 40 mM NaOH + 1 mM Ba(CH(3)COO)(2) as the mobile phase. The optimal detection potential (E(DET) = +0.10 V) was established in voltammetric experiments carried out in batch and flowing stream solutions. Under optimized conditions there was no need for both postcolumn addition of strong bases to the eluent and, even more important, column regeneration between runs. A pellicular column with a relatively low ion-exchange capacity was adopted, which allows a rapid separation of sorbitol, isomaltitol, lactitol, maltitol, glucose, fructose, sucrose, and lactose. The presence in the alkaline mobile phase of barium ions improved selectivity and reproducibility besides shorter analysis times as well. Limits of detection were on the order of 10-20 pmol injected. The contents of DAs and other free sugars in some dietetic foods were evaluated by calibration graphs.

Anion Exchange Resins↗
PubMed1994

11q23 translocations split the "AT-hook" cruciform DNA-binding region and the transcriptional repression domain from the activation domain of the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) gene.

Translocations involving chromosome band 11q23, found in acute lymphoid and myeloid leukemias, disrupt the MLL gene. This gene encodes a putative transcription factor with homology to the zinc fingers and other domains of the Drosophila trithorax gene product and to the "AT-hook" motif of high mobility group proteins. To map potential transcriptional activation or repression domains of the MLL protein, yeast GAL4 DNA-binding domain and MLL hybrid protein-expressing plasmids were cotransfected with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter plasmids in a transient transfection system. We found that MLL contains a strong activation domain and a repression domain. The former, located telomeric (3') to the breakpoint region, activated transcription 18-fold to > 200-fold, depending on the promoter and cell line used for transfection. A repression domain that repressed transcription 4-fold was located centromeric (5') to the breakpoint region of MLL. The MLL AT-hook domain protein was expressed in bacteria and was utilized in a gel mobility shift assay to assess DNA-binding activity. The MLL AT-hook domain could bind cruciform DNA, recognizing structure rather than sequence of the target DNA. In translocations involving MLL, loss of an activation domain with retention of a repression domain and a DNA-binding domain on the der(11) chromosome could alter the expression of downstream target genes, suggesting a potential mechanism of action for MLL in leukemia.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

BOF: a novel family of bacterial OB-fold proteins.

Using top-of-the-line fold recognition methods, we assigned an oligonucleotide/oligosaccharide-binding (OB)-fold structure to a family of previously uncharacterized hypothetical proteins from several bacterial genomes. This novel family of bacterial OB-fold (BOF) proteins present in a number of pathogenic strains encompasses sequences of unknown function from DUF388 (in Pfam database) and COG3111. The BOF proteins can be linked evolutionarily to other members of the OB-fold nucleic acid-binding superfamily (anticodon-binding and single strand DNA-binding domains), although they probably lack nucleic acid-binding properties as implied by the analysis of the potential binding site. The presence of conserved N-terminal predicted signal peptide indicates that BOF family members localize in the periplasm where they may function to bind proteins, small molecules, or other typical OB-fold ligands. As hypothesized for the distantly related OB-fold containing bacterial enterotoxins, the loss of nucleotide-binding function and the rapid evolution of the BOF ligand-binding site may be associated with the presence of BOF proteins in mobile genetic elements and their potential role in bacterial pathogenicity.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2006

The heat stress transcription factor HsfA2 serves as a regulatory amplifier of a subset of genes in the heat stress response in Arabidopsis.

Within the Arabidopsis family of 21 heat stress transcription factors (Hsfs) HsfA2 is the strongest expressed member under heat stress (hs) conditions. Irrespective of the tissue, HsfA2 accumulates under heat stress similarly to other heat stress proteins (Hsps). A SALK T-DNA insertion line with a complete HsfA2-knockout was analyzed with respect to the changes in the transcriptome under heat stress conditions. Ascorbate peroxidase 2 (APX2) was identified as the most affected transcript in addition to several sHsps, individual members of the Hsp70 and Hsp100 family, as well as many transcripts of genes with yet unknown functions. For functional validation, the transcription activation potential of HsfA2 on GUS reporter constructs containing 1 kb upstream promoter sequences of selected target genes were analyzed using transient reporter assays in mesophyll protoplasts. By deletion analysis the promoter region of the strongest affected target gene APX2 was functionally mapped in detail to verify potential HsfA2 binding sites. By electrophoretic mobility shift assays we identified TATA-Box proximal clusters of heat stress elements (HSE) in the promoters of selected target genes as potential HsfA2 binding sites. The results presented here demonstrate that the expression of HsfA2 in Arabidopsis is strictly heat stress-dependent and this transcription factor represents a regulator of a subset of stress response genes in Arabidopsis.

Arabidopsis↗
PubMed2004

Atrial natriuretic peptide contributes to physiological control of lipid mobilization in humans.

In humans, lipid mobilization is considered to depend mainly on sympathetic nervous system activation and catecholamine action. A contribution of ANP was hypothesized because we have previously shown that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a lipolytic agent on isolated human fat cells. Control of lipid-mobilizing mechanisms was investigated using in situ microdialysis in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) in healthy young men during two successive exercise bouts performed at 35% and 60% peak oxygen consumption (VO2max) after placebo or acute oral tertatolol (nonselective beta-antagonist) treatment. In placebo-treated subjects, infusion of propranolol in the probe (100 micromol/l) only partially reduced (40%) the increment in extracellular glycerol concentration (EGC) promoted by exercise. Moreover, oral beta-adrenergic receptor blockade did not prevent exercise-induced lipid mobilization in SCAT while exerting fat cell beta-adrenergic receptor blockade. Exercise-induced increase in plasma ANP was potently amplified by oral tertatolol. A positive correlation was found between EGC and plasma ANP levels but also between extracellular cGMP (i.e., index of ANP-mediated lipolysis) and EGC. Thus, we demonstrate that exercise-induced lipid mobilization resistant to local propranolol and lipid-mobilizing action observed under oral beta-blockade is related to the action of ANP. Oral beta-adrenergic receptor blockade, which potentiates exercise-induced ANP release by the heart, may contribute to lipid mobilization in SCAT. The potential relevance of an ANP-related lipid-mobilizing pathway is discussed.

Adipocytes↗
PubMed1998

Nested insertions of short mobile sequences in Drosophila P elements.

A potentially full-sized P element isolated from the genome of Drosophila ambigua by polymerase chain reaction amplification was completely sequenced. It has a length of 3329 bp and the termini are formed by 33 bp inverted repeats. Sequence comparisons show that it can be classified as a member of the T-type P element subfamily. The translational reading frames of all four exons are interrupted by stop codons and frameshift mutations. At the 3' end of exon 3 a 687 bp insertion sequence (IS-amb-P) is found that also occurs in the form of dispersed copies (IS-amb) in the genome in D. ambigua. At the interspecific level it shows homology to mobile sequences of other species of the obscura group. Although variable in length, these IS elements are characterized by conserved sections without coding function and by 14 bp inverted repeats, one at a terminal, the other at a subterminal position. In situ hybridization revealed that P elements in D. ambigua are restricted to only two euchromatic sites on chromosome elements A and E. This situation resembles that found in Drosophila guanche and Drosophila subobscura where P homologs are clustered at a single site on chromosome element E and where the section corresponding to exon 3 of P elements carries an IS element. The gene sik-hom, which is located at the 5' side of the D. guanche cluster of P homologs, was used as a marker to examine whether the P element sites on chromosome element E of D. guanche and D. ambigua are homologous. The results suggest that the nested insertions of IS elements into P elements must have occurred independently in the two different lineages.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2026

Early mobilization within 24 to 48&#xa0;h improves postoperative clinical outcomes in older adults with hip fracture: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Hip fracture is a major public health concern among older adults, often resulting in prolonged disability, institutionalization, and increased healthcare burden. Early mobilization has been widely recommended to enhance postoperative recovery; however, there is a lack of consolidated evidence quantifying its impact on clinical and functional outcomes. This study aimed to synthesize and evaluate the impact of early mobilization following hip fracture surgery in older adults and to explore potential sources of heterogeneity to better inform clinical and nursing practice. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across seven databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library, and Emcare) from inception to June 15, 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials and observational cohort studies comparing early mobilization (defined as ambulation within 24 to 48&#xa0;h postoperatively) to delayed or usual mobilization in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Primary outcomes included mortality, discharge destination, and length of hospital stay. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications, functional recovery, and readmission. Risk of bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. RESULTS: Twenty-six studies involving 297,435 patients were included. Compared with delayed mobilization, early mobilization significantly reduced 30-day mortality (relative risk&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.40, 95% confidence interval: 0.25-0.64) and 1-year mortality (relative risk&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.57, 95% confidence interval: 0.40-0.80) (both p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05). In regional analyses of pooled mortality, similar reductions were observed across Asia-Pacific, North America, and Europe. Patients receiving early mobilization were more likely to be discharged home and had shorter hospital stays. Early mobilization also resulted in a reduced risk of postoperative complications (relative risk&#xa0;=&#xa0;0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.74-0.84, p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.05), with specific improvements in pneumonia and thromboembolism rates. Functional independence was significantly improved, as shown by higher Barthel Index scores and increased odds of achieving Functional Independence Measure &#x2265;5 at discharge. No significant difference was observed in readmission rates. CONCLUSIONS: lization within 24 to 48&#xa0;h following hip fracture surgery was associated with favorable outcomes, including reduced mortality, improved functional independence, higher rates of discharge to home, shorter hospital length of stay, and fewer postoperative complications. Although heterogeneity across studies and the predominance of observational evidence warrant cautious interpretation, these findings support current recommendations for early mobilization and highight the potential value of structured and standardized mobilization protocols in routine postoperative hip fracture care.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion genotype, exercise, and physical decline.

CONTEXT: Physical performance in response to exercise appears to be influenced by the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion (I)/deletion (D) genotype in young adults, but whether this relationship could help explain variation in older individuals' response to exercise has not been well studied. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the ACE genotype interacts with significant physical activity to affect the incidence of mobility limitation in well-functioning older adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Health Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Cohort Study, conducted in the metropolitan areas of Memphis, Tenn, and Pittsburgh, Pa. A total of 3075 well-functioning community-dwelling adults aged 70 through 79 years were enrolled from 1997 to 1998 and had a mean of 4.1 years of follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Incident mobility limitation defined as the report of difficulty walking a quarter of a mile (0.4 km) or walking up 10 steps on 2 consecutive semiannual interviews (n = 1204). RESULTS: Physically active participants (those reporting expending > or =1000 kcal/wk in exercise, walking, and stair climbing) were less likely to develop mobility limitation regardless of genotype. However, activity level interacted significantly with the ACE genotype (P = .002). In the inactive group, the ACE genotype was not associated with limitation (P = .46). In the active group, those with the II genotype were more likely to develop mobility limitation after adjusting for potential confounders compared with those with ID/DD genotypes (adjusted rate ratio, 1.45, 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.94). The gene association was especially strong among participants reporting weightlifting. Exploration of possible physiological correlates revealed that among active participants, those with the II genotype had higher percentage of body fat (P = .02) and more intermuscular thigh fat (P = .02) but had similar quadriceps strength as those with ID/DD. CONCLUSIONS: Among older individuals who exercised, those with the ACE DD or ID genotypes were less likely to develop mobility limitation than those with the II genotype. Regardless of genotype, individuals who exercised were less likely to develop mobility limitation than those who did not exercise.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Factors influencing collection of peripheral blood progenitor cells following high-dose cyclophosphamide and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with multiple myeloma.

We treated 103 multiple myeloma (MM) patients with 7 g/m2 cyclophosphamide (Cy) followed by 300 micrograms G-CSF/d to harvest peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC). PBPC autografts containing > 2.0 x 10(6) CD34+ cells per kg body weight were obtained at the first attempt from 90/100 evaluable patients. The most significant factor predicting impairment of PBPC collection was the duration of previous melphalan treatment (P < 0.0001). In multivariate discriminate analysis, treatment with melphalan during the most recent chemotherapy cycles prior to mobilization (P = 0.0727) and previous radiotherapy (P = 0.0628) had a marginally significant negative influence on the efficacy of PBPC collection. We found no reduced functional capacity of CD34+ cells to restore haemopoiesis after myeloablative treatment related to the duration of melphalan exposure. At the time of best response to conventional treatment, a median paraprotein reduction of 21% was achieved following high-dose cyclophosphamide (HD-Cy). Two heavily pretreated patients died and one patient developed pulmonary toxicity W.H.O. grade IV following HD-Cy. Potential transplant candidates should undergo mobilization and harvesting of PBPC before melphalan-containing treatment. Combinations of haemopoietic growth factors and their dose-modifications should be investigated to improve PBPC collection, to allow a dosage reduction of the mobilization chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effectiveness of a mobile medical van in providing screening services for STDs and HIV.

This retrospective study assesses the efficacy of a mobile medical van in screening high risk individuals and identifying new cases of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in an urban setting from July 1996 through March 1997. High risk sex and drug use were common, while consistent condom use was rare. Relatively few patients were screened for STDs; positive cases represented only a small proportion of the STD cases identified in the study community. The mobile program, however, accounted for 11.5% of all HIV tests conducted at public test sites in the city. Mobile medical programs have the potential to improve STD and HIV control efforts by providing services to high risk individuals who may lack access to care elsewhere. Doing so, however, will require more active case finding techniques, including new, less invasive techniques to test asymptomatic individuals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Radon, helium and uranium survey in some thermal springs located in NW Himalayas, India: mobilization by tectonic features or by geochemical barriers?

Radon, helium and uranium measurements have been carried out in hot water springs in the Parbati and Beas valleys of Himachal Himalaya. Most of these hot springs are known as famous pilgrimage centers. The activity of dissolved radon in the liquid phase is found to vary widely, by an order of magnitude, between 10 and 750 Bq L(-1), whereas, the dissolved helium content in these thermal springs varies between 10 and 100 ppm. The uranium contents are low and vary from <0.01 to 5 microg L(-1). The measured values of radon, helium and uranium are possibly controlled by structural geology, namely the presence of pervious fault systems, and by the lithology of the leached host rocks. Redox-potential geochemical barriers cause the mobilization of uranile ions in solution (UO2+); the most plausible hypothesis is when the conditions are oxidising, confirming the importance of physico-chemical conditions up to the supergenic environment, to control the fluid geochemistry of the U-He-222Rn system. Some evidence is available from both geothermometric considerations and geochemical data which will be reported elsewhere, whereas the present study is focused on U decay series-noble gas geochemistry. The first analysis of collected 3He/4He data is consistent with a crustal signature at the studied thermal springs.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1994

High-dose cyclophosphamide for mobilization of circulating stem cells in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Experimental and clinical data suggest that Ph-negative myeloid progenitor cells are present, albeit suppressed, in the bone marrow of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. These residual Ph-negative cells might, in certain circumstances, regain their proliferative advantage over the leukemic Ph-positive clone. Treating CML patients with intensive chemotherapy might allow the harvest, in the early phase of recovery, of Ph-negative stem cells to be used as graft after myeloablative regimen. In our study, 6 CML patients were admitted to a program of autograft with circulating stem cells (CSC) collected after high-dose (5 or 7 g/m2) cyclophosphamide (HD-CY) mobilization. All were autografted, using busulphan 16 mg/kg and melphalan 60 mg/m2. As graft, 4 patients received CSC only, while 2 patients were also given bone marrow, as their peripheral blood CFU-GM yield was unsatisfactory. Two previously alpha-IFN-responding patients showed a slow hematologic recovery, but achieved a marked and further reduction of their Ph-positive metaphases post-graft. Moreover, in one of them, cytogenetic analyses performed on apheresis product showed a more pronounced reduction of his Ph-positive metaphases, as compared to bone marrow samples, suggesting a potential purging effect of the mobilization procedure.

Adolescent↗