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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Assessment of third degree tears using three-dimensional anal endosonography with combined anal manometry: a novel technique.

Three-dimensional anal endosonography has enabled sagittal and coronal reconstructions of the anal canal to be matched with longitudinal pressure data, to present a combined picture of structure and function. This novel technique has been applied to a group of women with a clinical diagnosis of a third degree tear. Endosonography showed that only 68% of women had ultrasound evidence of sphincter damage. Anal canal anatomy and pressure profile did not differ significantly between those with and those without sphincter damage, but the anterior external anal sphincter and the puborectalis tended to be shorter and the pressures were lower in those with sphincter disruption.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Anorectal manometry in healthy elderly subjects.

Sigmoidal, rectal, and anal functions were studied in ten healthy elderly women and ten healthy young women using a motility probe with three intraluminal transducers. No difference (P greater than 0.05) was found between elderly and young women in measurements of anal length, anal resting tone, anal squeeze pressure, anal pullthrough pressures at rest, and voluntary squeeze. Sigmoidal and rectal distention was produced by injecting air into balloons placed 16-17 cm and 6-7 cm above the anal verge, respectively. Measured values of anal responses to sigmoidal and rectal distention, and sensation and elasticity of the sigmoidal and rectal walls, were also not different (P greater than 0.05) between the two groups. These findings suggest that age does not affect sigmoidal, rectal, and anal functions.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Intraocular pressure measurement after penetrating keratoplasty: minified Goldmann applanation tonometer, pneumatonometer, and Tono-Pen versus manometry.

The accuracy of intraocular pressure measurement with the minified Goldmann applanation tonometer, the pneumatonometer, and the Tono-Pen tonometer were compared in post-mortem human eyes which had undergone penetrating keratoplasty. Enucleated post-mortem human eyes underwent same sized (7.75 mm) or 0.5 mm oversized (8.25 mm) autologous penetrating keratoplasty. Intraocular pressure was then set and measured manometrically while being determined successively with each tonometer over the range of 0-65 mm Hg. Linear regression analysis comparing tonometric and manometric readings showed: (1) minified Goldmann applanation tonometer-slope 0.985 and 0.944, intercept 1.64 and 2.55 mm Hg, correlation coefficient 0.99 and 0.99 in same sized and oversized grafted eyes respectively; (2) pneumatonometer-slope 1.008 and 0.990, intercept 3.37 and 3.69 mm Hg, correlation coefficient 0.99 and 0.98; (3) Tono-Pen-slope 1.061 and 1.002, intercept 5.01 and 4.06 mm Hg, correlation coefficient 0.97 and 0.98. We concluded that the minified Goldmann applanation tonometer is as accurate or more accurate than the pneumatonometer and the Tono-Pen in post-mortem post-keratoplasty human eyes, and may be an economical, convenient alternative to the latter two instruments in clinical practice.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Effects of ranitidine and cisapride on acid reflux and oesophageal motility in patients with reflux oesophagitis: a 24 hour ambulatory combined pH and manometry study.

The effect of ranitidine and cisapride on acid reflux and oesophageal motility was investigated in 18 patients with endoscopically verified erosive reflux oesophagitis. Each patient was treated with placebo, ranitidine (150 mg twice daily), and ranitidine (150 mg twice daily) plus cisapride (20 mg twice daily) in a double blind, double dummy, within subject, three way cross over design. Oesophageal acidity and motility were monitored under ambulatory conditions for 24 hours on the fourth day of treatment, after a wash out period of 10 days during which patients received only antacids for relief of symptoms. Acid reflux was monitored by a pH electrode located 5 cm above the lower oesophageal sphincter. Intraoesophageal pressure was simultaneously recorded from four transducers placed 20, 15, 10, and 5 cm above the lower oesophageal sphincter. Upright reflux was three times higher than supine reflux (median (range) 13.3 (3.7-35.0)% v 3.7 (0-37.6)% of the time with pH < 4.0, p < 0.01, n = 18). Compared with placebo, ranitidine decreased total reflux (from 10.0 (3.2-32.6)% to 6.4 (1.2-22.9)%, p < 0.01), upright reflux (p < 0.05), supine reflux (p < 0.001), and postprandial reflux (p < 0.01), but did not affect oesophageal motility. The combination of ranitidine with cisapride further diminished the acid reflux found with ranitidine--that is, cisapride led to an additional reduction of total reflux (from 6.4 (1.2-22.9)% to 3.7 (1.0-12.7)%, p < 0.01), supine reflux (p < 0.05), and postprandial reflux (p < 0.05). Cisapride also reduced both the number (p<0.01) and duration (p<0.05) of reflux episodes and significantly increased amplitude, duration, and propagation velocity of oesophageal contractions (p<0.05) but did not affect the number of contractions. The findings show that the 30% reduction of oesophageal acid exposure achieved by a conventional dose of ranitidine (150 mg twice daily) can be improved to more than 60% by combination with cisapride (20 mg twice daily). The cisapride induced increase in oesophageal contractile force and propagation velocity seems to enhance the clearance of gastro-oesophageal reflux. Combination of a histamine H2 receptor antagonist with a prokinetic agent may therefore provide an alternative treatment for reflux oesophagitis.

Adult↗