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PubMed1994

Development of MMPI-A alcohol/drug problem scales.

The present study introduces two new scales for the assessment of alcohol and other drug problems developed from the new Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent (MMPI-A), including the rationally constructed Alcohol/Drug Problems Acknowledgement Scale (ACK) and the empirically-derived Alcohol/Drug Problems Proneness Scale (PRO). Validity of these scales is examined by comparing scores from a sample of adolescents hospitalized for alcohol and other drug problems with a normative sample of adolescents and with a sample of adolescents in psychiatric inpatient treatment. Results suggest that ACK and PRO show promise in the detection and description of alcohol and other drug problems in young people. Comparisons of ACK and PRO with other adult-derived MMPI-2 scales (e.g., the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale, MAC-R and the Addiction Potential Scale) provide support for the practice of developing age-appropriate instruments for adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Maladjustment signs of employees in the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory). I. Psychological maladjustment].

We investigated a relation between occupational maladjustment and personality traits of 669 employees (354 males and 315 females) in 4 stores randomly selected from 35 stores of a distribution business company Firm I. The subjects were classified into 3 adjustment groups; "poor," "average" and "good" as a result of their self-evaluations for occupational maladjustment in each item on the check list comprising 3 major categories of vocational aptitude, human relations to superior and those to colleagues. And we studied the characteristics of the profiles of MMPI according to the 3 categories. The difference between the "poor" and "good" groups was the clearest in the relation between occupational maladjustment and MMPI profiles. Generally speaking, in the validity scale F is higher, and K is lower in "poor" groups, while in the clinical scale Pa, Ma and Si go higher. In conclusion, the personality traits of psychologically maladjusted persons are sensitivity, introversion, lack of suppression, lack of consideration and defense, and lack of plasticity.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1975

Unilateral brain lesions and MMPI performance: a preliminary study.

Samples of 15 Ss with right- and 20 Ss with left-hemisphere brain lesions secondary to war-related penetrating missile wounds were matched for age, education, and recency of injury and evaluated with the MMPI. Right-hemisphere lesioned Ss produced a composite profile with all scales within normal limits. In contrast, the composite profile of left-hemisphere lesioned Ss showed significant elevations on the Sc, D, and Hs clinical scales, suggesting increased psychopathological responses in such Ss. Although the general configurations of the composite MMPI profiles in the two samples were similar, significant differences in the elevation of both validity and clinical scales were obtained. The results tend to support previous findings of a depressive-catastrophic reaction in patients with lesions in the dominant hemisphere, while not supporting the euphoric-indifference response in nondominant-hemisphere lesioned Ss.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Rod-and-frame and MMPI scores for a group of female psychiatric inpatients.

75 recently admitted female psychiatric inpatients were given the rod-and-frame task and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). All patients with an admission diagnosis of schizophrenia, organic brain syndrome, or a reported history of alcoholism or previous electroconvulsive therapy were excluded from the study. Personality disturbance, as measured by the MMPI, for the remaining 75 patients, was significantly less severe for extremely high-error (field dependent) rod-and-frame performers than for other patients in the sample. Hospital records and performance on self-rating scales showed, however, that patients with a high rate of error on rod-and-frame performance were subjectively as uncomfortable as the others tested. Results are discussed in terms of the possible contribution of perceptual impairment to the psychological complaints made by these individuals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

MMPI and nightmare reports in women addicted to alcohol and other drugs.

In a sample of 78 female alcohol and drug addicts, 24.4% marked True the Item 31 ("I have nightmares every few nights") of the MMPI. The proportion is significantly higher than in normative MMPI data of normal US Midwest women published by Coligan: only 8.2% of the latter marked the item True. The female alcohol and drug addicts who marked the item True differed from those responding with False by higher scores on Schizophrenia, Psychasthenia, Paranoia, Anxiety, Depression, Psychopathic Deviate, and Social Introversion scales and by lower scores on Ego Strength scale. Nightmare sufferers consistently scored in a more pathological direction.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Intratest and intertest means and reliability of the MMPI-168 for university students and patients referred for neuropsychological assessment.

68 first-year university students and 37 patients, after a 1-mo. or a 2-yr. interval, respectively, were re-administered the MMPI-168 (the first 168 items of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory). The mean of the test-retest correlation coefficients between the first and second administrations for the 13 scales (3 validity, 10 clinical) was about .62 for the students and the patients. The mean absolute change in standardized scores for the scales between the two administrations for both groups was only 0.2 of a standard deviation. Compared to the students, however, the patients who had been referred for neuropsychological assessments displayed elevated (>2 SD) mean scores for several of the scales during both administrations. These results indicate that the MMPI-168 profiles of the patients did not change appreciably even though several years had elapsed since the injuries. The correlation coefficients between means of the scaled scores between the first and second administrations for the students and patients were .91 and .95, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

MMPI correlates of college women who reported experiencing child/adult sexual contact with father, stepfather, or with other persons.

MMPI responses were obtained from three groups of college women (n = 171): those reporting child/adult sexual contact with father/stepfather, with other persons, and a control group reporting no such experience. A comparison of group mean MMPI validity and clinical scales showed the father/stepfather group to have several subscales elevated to clinically significant levels. None of the subscales for the other two groups were so elevated.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Detection of faking good on the MMPI in a psychiatric inpatient population.

The efficacy of the Mp and X minus zero scales of the MMPI in identifying fake-good profiles was investigated. 30 volunteers from the admissions unit of a state mental hospital were administered the MMPI once under instructions to fake good and once under standard instructions. Under fake-good instructions, psychiatric inpatients were able to produce profiles similar to those of normal college students. Both the Mp and X minus zero scales discriminated significantly between the standard and fake-good profiles. Interactions with order of administration occurred for the Mp scale.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Character structure and performance on the MMPI.

In a sample of 74 normal adults, a typology of character structure based on the developmental theory of Piaget was used to predict performance on the MMPI. The typology's validity was assessed by examining its empirical relationship to 11 clinical scales of the MMPI. Significant differences among the character types were noted for 5 of the 11 scales examined (Hypochondriasis, Depression, Masculinity/femininity, Psychasthenia, and Ego strength). There were significant differences on three additional scales (Hysteria, Psychopathic deviate, and Hypomania) between subtypes of the most numerous character type, which included two-thirds of the subjects studied. Differences among the character types and subtypes were generally consistent with expectations.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Personality variables as assessed by the MMPI and their relationship to mother-infant interactional behaviors at age three months.

The present study examined whether maternal personality variables, as assessed on the MMPI, relate to early infant and maternal variables. The subjects were 14 low-risk preterm and 24 full-term 3-mo.-old infants and their mothers. A female experimenter visited each infant at home where the mother and the experimenter each took turns and talked to the baby for 3 min. Subsequently, each infant was given a differential vocal response score by taking the amount of time spent in nondistress vocalizing in response to the stranger from the time spent in similar vocalizing in response to the mother. Following the 3-min. interactions, the mother and infant were observed for 30 min. and several mother-infant behaviors were recorded. Finally, the mothers were administered the MMPI. Analysis showed that high scores on Scales 3, 6, and Ego Control were related to less favorable mother-infant interactions and high scores on the Femininity and Ego Control Scales were related to infants' low differential vocal response scores.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Relationship of MMPI dependency and dominance scale scores to staff's ratings, diagnoses, and demographic data for day-treatment clients.

Scores on the MMPI Dominance (Do) and Dependency (Dy) scales of day-treatment clients were correlated with staff's ratings, age, sex, diagnosis, length of time in day treatment, and level of independent living. A total of 72 subjects, 36 men and 36 women between the ages of 20 and 65 years, completed the MMPI. Day-treatment staff were asked to rate the dependent and dominant characteristics of each subject on a unipolar adjective checklist of 20 10-point scales. Pearson product-moment correlations indicated significant associations between the two scales, between subjects' scores and staff's ratings, and between scores and age. Analysis of variance showed that (a) Dy scale T-scores were significantly higher than Do scale T-scores, (b) women scored higher on Dy and men scored higher on Do, (c) depressed subjects scored higher on Dy than did other diagnostic groups, (d) apartment dwellers scored lower on Dy than did subjects living in either group homes or with their families, and (e) Dy and Do scores did not vary with length of time in day treatment.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

The relationship between self-monitored aggression and the MMPI-2 F, 4, 9 composite and anger content scale scores.

Undergraduates, 47 men and 79 women, took the MMPI-2 and self-monitored their aggressive acting out for one week. As expected, the MMPI composite score for F, 4, 9 and the anger content scale were correlated positively with monitored aggressive acting out, particularly for men. However, the magnitude of the correlations was slight, indicating it would be inappropriate to use them to make critical judgments regarding aggressive acting out with this population.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

MMPI-2 negative treatment indicators scale and irregular discharge.

A sample of 18 psychiatric inpatients who had completed the MMPI-2 and subsequently received an irregular discharge from inpatient treatment were compared on the MMPI-2 Negative Treatment Indicators scale (TRT) with a random sample of 18 inpatients who received a regular discharge from inpatient care. Analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups on the Negative Treatment Indicators scale. The two groups did differ in K scale elevation. The possible need to interpret the Negative Treatment Indicators scale in the context of K scale elevation is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Assessment of depression: using the MMPI, Millon, and Millon-II.

The analysis examined how the MMPI, original Millon, and Millon-II may be used for the assessment of clinical and personality characteristics of depressed patients. High-point code-type analysis of data from 133 depressed inpatients yielded seven MMPI personality profiles (incapacitated-depressive, intropunitive-depressive, caught psychopath, hysteroid-dysphoric, schizotypal-depressive, ruminative-depressive, and psychotic-depressive) and eight Millon personality profiles (avoidant-depressive, conforming-depressive, hostile-depressive, hysteroid-depressive, disenfranchised-depressive, guilty-depressive, passive aggressive-depressive, and anaclitic-depressive). These profiles reflect important similarities in the personalities of the tested depressed inpatients and differences among them as well. Our interpretive framework is speculative but offers a basis for clinical hypothesis generation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Psychological screening of impotence with Finney's MMPI-derived Impotence Scale.

Three groups of patients in treatment were assessed for impotence, using MMPI-derived Impotence Scale. Group I were 46 patients who had been screened and scheduled for a penile prosthesis when the impotence resulted from known organic causes (biogenic). Group II were 198 patients in a sexual dysfunction clinic, for whom biogenic causes had been ruled out (psychogenic). Group III were 51 substance abusers in drug rehabilitation. While scores on the Impotence Scale did not distinguish between the biogenic and psychogenic groups, the scores were almost three times higher than average scores among subjects in the standardization sample. MMPI-derived Impotence Scale scores were similarly elevated among the substance abusers. Results suggest that the Impotence Scale may serve as a useful screening tool to alert clinicians to the possibility of erectile dysfunction for which further clinical evaluation would be required.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

MMPI performance of central American refugees and Mexican immigrants.

This study compared the MMPI scores of Central American refugees from Guatemala and El Salvador to those of Mexican immigrants. It was expected that subjects from Guatemala and El Salvador would obtain higher scores on the F, D, Pa, and Sc scales because these subjects came from "war-torn" countries. A multivariate analysis of variance yielded no significant differences between the three groups on any of the validity and clinical scales including F, D, Pa, and Sc. Recommendations for cross-national research are noted especially in light of the new version, or MMPI-2.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A validity study of the MMPI-TRI Acting-out Scale.

49 college men and 45 women were administered the 1995 MMPI-TRI by Swanson, Templer, Thomas-Dobson, Cannon, Streiner, Reynolds, and Miller and a short form of the MMPI with scales for Subjective Distress, Acting-out, and Psychosis. To test the validity of the Acting-out scale respondents also took measures of sexual and aggressive acting out as well as a measure of alcohol use. They were asked about their use of drugs. Women had significant correlations between scores on the Acting-out Scale and scores on measures of Sexual Sensation Seeking .57, Sexual Compulsion .54, Anger Control -.40, Anger-out .50, Anger-in .32, and Drug Use .40. Men had significant correlations for scores on measures of Sexual Compulsion .51, Anger Control -.39, Anger-in .37, and Alcohol Use .35 but not Anger-out. Results suggest the Acting-out scale is more valid for college women than for men.

Acting Out↗