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PubMed1986

Lymphocyte subsets at different stages of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: a study with monoclonal antibodies.

Lymphocyte subsets in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood were studied using monoclonal antibodies, in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, eight of whom were at stage 2 and seven at stage 4. Eighteen subjects affected with non immunological diseases constituted the controls. Regardless of the stage, patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis had lower percentages of OKT3+ (pan-T) cells in both CSF and peripheral blood, with an increase of OKIa+ cells (B cells, macrophages and active T cells) in peripheral blood. A difference was found in the proportion of OKT4+ (helper-inducer) and OKT8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) cells in relation to the stage, the most striking finding being a significant decrease of OKT8+ with an increase of T4/T8 ratio in peripheral blood at an early stage.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1990

[Lymphocyte subset change during cancer chemotherapy on patients with gastrointestinal, lung and hematopoietic malignancies].

Lymphocyte subsets measured by Ortho-mune on OKT 3, OKT 4A, OKT 8, OKT 10, OKT 11, OKM1, OKB 7, OKB 2 and OKDR were observed before and after chemotherapy on patients with gastrointestinal, lung and hematopoietic malignancies. Almost all patients showed decreased T-cell function expressed by OKT 11 or OKT 3 and suppressor, helper T-cell function expressed by OKT 8 and OKT 4A. In some patients improvement of T-cell function were observed with clinical response and in such cases life span seemed to be longer as expected, and it is supposed that during cancer chemotherapy improvement of T-cell function expressed by OKT series may be important prognostic factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The combined use of soybean agglutinin and immunomagnetic beads for T lymphocyte subset depletion of bone marrow allografts: a laboratory analysis.

The prevention of graft-versus-host disease by T-lymphocyte depletion of allografts prior to bone marrow transplantation has resulted in an increase in graft failure/rejection and relapse of disease. Evidence for the selective roles of specific T-lymphocyte subsets in each of the engraftment, graft-versus-host disease, and disease relapse processes has been presented, but sufficient clinical verification to support any hypothesis in this regard is lacking. In this paper we describe a convenient and highly flexible clinical laboratory method for depletion of specific T-lymphocytes in controllable quantities by the use of select monoclonal antibodies. Almost 3 log10 removal of CD2+ and CD8+ cells without significant loss of hematopoietic progenitors (CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CD34+ cells) can be reproducibly achieved. This method, employing soybean agglutination and immunomagnetic beads, is potentially adaptable to depletion of any cell subset or any tumor cell for which unique cell-surface antigen characteristics have been defined. In addition, our protocol is equally suited to the positive selection of stem cells and hematopoietic progenitors bearing the CD34 surface antigen.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1984

[Alteration of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in the patients with ovarian cancer before and after chemotherapy].

Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets of 8 patients with ovarian cancer were analyzed before and after chemotherapy by using monoclonal antibody (OKT series) and laser flow cytometer (Spectrum III). The following results were obtained: There was no significant difference in the distribution of OKT3+ and 11+ cells before and after chemotherapy, and between the patient and the control groups. OKT4+ cells were significantly decreased in number after chemotherapy in the patient group when the results were compared with the control (p less than 0.001) and the pretreatment (p less than 0.05) groups respectively. OKT8+ cells were more markedly increased in number after chemotherapy in the patient group (p less than 0.05) than in the control group. OKIal+ cells were more increased in number after chemotherapy in the patient group (p less than 0.01) than the control group. The OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio in the patient group was significantly decreased after chemotherapy when the value was compared with the control (p less than 0.001) and the pretreatment (p less than 0.05) groups.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed1989

Functional and surface phenotype study of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and lymph nodes of breast cancer patients.

In an attempt to identify lymphocyte subsets possibly involved in the response to malignant cells, we have studied the lymphocyte surface phenotype by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies on both peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and histologically proven metastatic and nonmetastatic (i.e., "hyperplastic") axillary lymph node lymphocytes (LNL) from eight breast cancer patients. Furthermore, we carried out a functional study by evaluating the response to polyclonal mitogens of the PBL and of the LNL of the same patients. A group of 30 healthy subjects, age and sex matched, were selected as controls for PBL. Six of them, who underwent surgery for nonneoplastic conditions, were selected as controls for LNL. The responsiveness of breast cancer patients' PBL to polyclonal mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) was significantly lower as compared with the control response. The responsiveness of breast cancer patients' metastatic LNL was not different from control LNL for PHA, and it was lower than control LNL for Con A, while the responsiveness of the same metastatic LNL was higher than that of nonmetastatic (i.e., hyperplastic) LNL of patients. Furthermore, the response of hyperplastic LNL was always lower than that of control LNL. The responsiveness of patients' PBL was always lower than that of metastatic LNL, while the responsiveness of patients' PBL vs. hyperplastic LNL was at variance. Regarding the surface phenotype of PBL, there was no difference between those of breast cancer patients and controls concerning the T-cells subsets, while the Leu 7, CD 21 and DR antigens were significantly higher among the breast cancer patients. No significant differences were found between patient metastatic and hyperplastic LNL or between control LNL and patient metastatic or hyperplastic LNL, respectively; only the CD 4 antigen was higher in metastatic than in hyperplastic LNL. A comparison of this surface phenotype between PBL and either metastatic or hyperplastic LNL of breast cancer patients showed values almost constantly significantly higher for PBL vs. either metastatic or hyperplastic LNL, respectively. The results of our study suggest that there is no change in the local-regional immunocompetent cell subsets that may be related to metastasis of breast cancer to regional nodes and to the progression of disease and that circulating T cells in breast cancer include cells expressing activation markers but not showing significant changes in the proportion of entire subpopulations.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

T lymphocyte subsets in autoimmune thyroid diseases and subacute thyroiditis detected with monoclonal antibodies.

Peripheral T lymphocyte subsets were analysed with monoclonal antibodies, by highly standardized fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis instead of manual counting by the indirect immunofluorescence method, in autoimmune thyroid diseases and subacute thyroiditis. Total lymphocyte counts were increased in patients with thyrotoxic Graves' disease and subacute thyroiditis. The percentage of total T (Leu 1) cells was significantly lower in patients with thyrotoxic Graves' disease and Hashimoto's disease with destructive thyrotoxicosis than in normal subjects. No significant changes were observed in the percentages of suppressor-cytotoxic T (Leu 2a) cells or helper-inducer T (Leu 3a) cells or in the Leu 3a-Leu 2a ratio in different groups of patients. There were no correlations between the percentages of E rosette-forming cells and Leu 1 cells and between the percentages of T gamma cells and Leu 2a cells in normal subjects and patients. The peak position of fluorescence intensity of Leu 2a cells showed a significant sex difference even in normal controls. The most important finding was a significant decrease in the peak position of Leu 2a cells in patients with thyrotoxic Graves' disease and with hypothyroid or thyrotoxic Hashimoto's disease. These findings indicate the significant association of qualitative, but not quantitative, abnormality of suppressor-cytotoxic T (Leu 2a) cells with thyroid dysfunction in autoimmune thyroid diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Porcine gamma/delta T lymphocyte subsets differing in their propensity to home to lymphoid tissue.

Three types of T cell receptors (TcR) gamma/delta were identified in swine, all of which are disulfide-bonded cell surface heterodimers. The first, a 38/40-kDa molecule, is related to the TcR gamma/delta of sheep and cattle, and defines in swine a subset of CD4-CD8- T lymphocytes that is enriched in the circulating T lymphocyte pool. The other two receptors are private to swine. The second, a 37/40-kDa molecule, is expressed by the major subset of CD2-CD4-CD8- T lymphocytes that is neither enriched in nor excluded from lymphoid tissue. By contrast, the third type of TcR gamma/delta, a 40/46-kDa molecule, is found on CD2+CD4-CD8- T lymphocytes accumulating in lymphoid tissue. Thus, TcR gamma/delta T lymphocyte subsets differing in homing propensity are typified by the expression of distinct molecular forms of the TcR gamma/delta.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Effect of retinoic acid (RA) on the T-lymphocyte subsets and T-cell colony of patients with colorectal cancer].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Retinoic acid (RA) is the derivative of vitamin A. It can inhibit the carcinogenesis and reduce the morbidity of experimental colorectal cancer. However, there are few reports about the effect of RA on the T-lymphocyte subsets and T-cell colony of patients with colorectal cancer. This study was designed to investigate the effect of RA on the function of immune system and provide theoretical data for clinical. METHODS: Forty patients with colorectal cancer were divided into the RA treating group (n=20) and control group (n=20) for prospective study. Peripheral blood in all the patients was preoperatively and postoperatively was collected. Subsets (OKT(3), OKT(4), OKT(8)) of T-lymphocyte were assayed. The ability to form T-cell colony and the IgG, IgM, IgA in peripheral blood were also determined. RESULTS: (1) Comparing with preoperative in two groups, there was no significant difference on OKT(3). OKT(4) and ratio of T4/T8 significantly increased (P< 0.05) and OKT(8) decreased progressively postoperatively (P< 0.05). Comparing in two groups, OKT(3), OKT(4) and T4/T8 were significantly higher in RA treating group than in the control group (P< 0.05); But OKT(8) did not show difference between the two groups (P >0.05). (2) The ability to form T-cell colony was significantly lower in RA treating group than in the health human group, and higher than in the control group (P< 0.05). (3) Comparing with control group, postoperative 1 to 3 months, IgG and IgM significantly increased in RA treating group (P< 0.05). IgA did not show significant difference. CONCLUSION: Applying RA after radical operation of colorectal carcinoma could promote the cellular and humoral immunity and improve immune state recover from immunosuppression in the patients with colorectal cancer.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1998

Steroid pulse therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: effect on lymphocyte subsets and mononuclear cell adhesion.

Eighteen patients with clinically active rheumatoid arthritis, satisfying the ARA criteria, were admitted to hospital for i.v. methylprednisolone pulse therapy. Studies of circulating lymphocyte subsets 1 h before and 24 h after pulsing were carried out together with studies on their adhesion to endothelium-containing lamina propria of porcine gut at various time points. Additionally, circulating VCAM-1 was estimated pre- and post-pulse by ELISA. We observed a marked fall (59%) in mononuclear cell adhesion 24 h post-pulse therapy (P < 0.001). Accompanying this was a significant, though slight, fall in circulating mononuclear cells (P < 0.01), mainly involving T cells. However, the degree of reduction in cell adhesion did not appear to reflect change in any particular circulating subset, but was more likely due to changes in adhesion molecule expression of several subsets. No significant change in circulating VCAM-1 was observed. It would appear, therefore, that the early beneficial effect of steroid pulsing in rheumatoid arthritis coincides with a demonstrable reduction in cell adhesion to gut. This may have implications for the pathogenesis of this disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Blood lymphocyte subsets in ATG-treated and allografted rats.

A single dose of rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG) was given as the sole immunosuppressive therapy in a model of strong MHC barrier rat heart allotransplantation. PVG/c hearts transplanted to Wistar/Kyoto (WKy) rats resulted in long-term surviving (LTS) grafts and cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) unresponsiveness in 50% of the animals. The effects of ATG treatment on the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were studied by flow cytometry. The absolute T-lymphocyte levels decreased to less than 5% and were normalized after 2 weeks. CD8-positive cells were normalized within 1 week, whereas CD4- and CD5-positive cells remained low. Rats with LTS grafts had low levels of all T-lymphocyte markers, especially the CD4- and CD5-positive cells. Rats rejecting their grafts showed an eightfold increase in levels of CD8- and CD5-positive lymphocytes and a twofold increase in levels of CD4-expressing lymphocytes. It is concluded that ATG treatment causes the immediate elimination of large lymphoid populations as well as long-lasting immunomodulation detectable in peripheral blood.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

T lymphocyte subsets in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes: a prospective study.

T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood from 11 newly diagnosed Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients were studied prospectively at three time intervals: as soon as possible after diagnosis, 3 weeks and 5 months later. Lymphocytes were marked with monoclonal OKT antibodies and examined in a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The percentage of T lymphocytes (OKT3) did not change significantly at the three study times. The percentage of helper/inducer T cells (OKT4) was high the first week after diagnosis, but decreased at the 5-month examination (p less than 0.05). The percentage of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (OKT8) was low at diagnosis but increased at 3 weeks (p less than 0.02) and 5 months (p less than 0.01). The ratio OKT4/OKT8 lymphocytes was 2.28 at diagnosis, decreasing to 1.77 at 3 weeks and 1.87 at 5 months, compared with 1.46 for 16 age-matched control subjects. There was no significant change in the absolute number of lymphocytes. It is concluded that the distribution of T cell subsets was abnormal at the time of diagnosis, but changed towards normal within a few weeks, after which there was no significant change at 5 months. It is as yet unknown whether the high proportion of helper/inducer T cells and/or the low percentage of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells at diagnosis favour immune reactions involved in the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Differential regulation of murine T lymphocyte subsets.

Signaling pathways in T lymphocytes have been incompletely characterized. It is evident that differences exist among the T cell subsets. We have defined several distinct mechanisms that affect differentially the activities of murine T lymphocyte clones representing various CD4+ and CD8+ subsets: Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) inhibits proliferation of but not lymphokine production by TH2 cells. IL-10 inhibits antigen-presenting cell (APC)-induced lymphokine production by TH1 cells but not by TH2 cells. Murine TH1 and TH2 clones proliferate optimally in response to distinct APC populations. TH1 and TH2 clones utilize different TCR-associated signaling pathways. High concentrations of antigen (or anti-TCR mAb) inhibit IL-2-induced proliferation (but not lymphokine production) by TH1 and cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones only. Exposure of TH1 clones (but not TH2 clones or CD8+ CTL clones) to IL-2 induces unresponsiveness to antigen. TH1 and TH2 clones as well as CD8+ clones can be cytolytic, but not all T cells use the same cytolytic mechanisms. CD4+ clones from some mouse strains are not cytolytic if they do not secrete IFN-gamma. Understanding the mechanisms that differentially regulate the various kinds of T cells, in addition to providing insights into the molecular events associated with activation of those subsets, should facilitate modulation of their activities in vivo, making it possible to influence favorably the outcome of disease processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Lymphocyte subsets and interleukin-2 receptors in autistic children.

Blood samples were obtained from 10 male autistic children ages 7-15 years and 10 age-matched, male, healthy controls. Lymphocyte subsets (helper-inducer, suppressor-cytotoxic, total T, and total B cells) were enumerated using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. Bound and soluble interleukin-2 receptors were assayed in unstimulated blood samples and in cell cultures following 72-hour stimulation with phytohemagglutinin. The children with autism had a lower percentage of helper-inducer cells and a lower helper:suppressor ratio, with both measures inversely related to the severity of autistic symptoms (r = - .56 and - .68, respectively). A lower percentage of lymphocytes expressing bound interleukin-2 receptors following mitogenic stimulation was also noted, and this too was inversely related to the severity of autistic symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Lymphocyte subsets and cytokines in ascitic fluid of decompensated cirrhotic patients with and without spontaneous ascites infection.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Spontaneous ascites infection is a frequently encountered and important complication of decompensated liver cirrhosis. The immune system plays an important role in the development or eradication of this infection. A number of compositional and functional alterations in immune system cells have been demonstrated in cirrhotic patients; however, there is a lack of knowledge about this issue in ascitic infections. The aim of the present study was to evaluate lymphocyte subsets and levels of some ascitic and lymphocytic intracytoplasmic cytokines in decompensated cirrhotic patients with or without spontaneous ascites infection. METHODS: The study population consisted of 45 decompensated cirrhotic patients (32 men, 13 women) with different etiologies. Patients with ascitic polymorphonuclear leukocyte count > or =250/mm(3) and/or positive ascitic bacterial cultures were classified as the "infected group". Comparison was made between the infected and non-infected group for the following parameters: ascites leukocyte counts and differentiations; ascitic fluid protein; albumin levels and serum-ascites albumin gradients; flow cytometric detection of cell surface markers for ascitic T, B and natural killer lymphocytes; intracytoplasmic interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (IFN)-gamma; levels of ascitic IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-alpha; and soluble Fas antigen and soluble Fas ligand. RESULTS: The CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly decreased and expression of T cell receptor-gammadelta was increased in the infected group. Furthermore, ascites TNF-alpha levels were also elevated in this group. Ascitic IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 and TNF-alpha levels were significantly higher in patients with positive ascitic bacterial culture. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a cytotoxic, especially Th1, immune response predominates in ascites infections. It also demonstrates that TNF-alpha might be involved in the pathogenesis of ascites infections.

Ascites↗
PubMed2002

Lymphocyte subset pattern in acromegaly.

Immune function in acromegalic patients has been poorly investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the main surface antigen clusters of circulating lymphocytes in acromegaly. One hundred patients with active acromegaly (55 women and 45 men, aged 20-70 yr) and 200 healthy subjects sex- and age-matched with the patients (110 women and 90 men, aged 20-70 yr) were enrolled in this study. All patients and controls were born and live in Southern Italy. No patient had received octreotide, bromocriptine or corticosteroids for at least 3 months before entering the study. The analysis of lymphocyte subset pattern was performed by flow cytometry and fluorescein isothiocyanate or phycoerythrin directly conjugated monoclonal antibodies specific for the cell surface antigen clusters (CD) representing T-cell population as a whole (CD3), T helpers (CD4), T suppressors (CD8), natural killer cells (CD16) and B-cell population as a whole (CD19). Acromegalics had significantly increased levels of CD3 (67.1+/-7.2 vs 64.3+/-8.8%; p=0.03) and CD4 (37.8+/-3.5 vs 36.4+/-4.3%; p=0.004) and decreased levels of CD8 (31.4+/-3.3 vs 33.7+/-8.2%; p<0.01) and CD19 (12.1+/-3.1 vs 15.2+/-5.1; p=0.01) without age-difference. The results of the current study demonstrate an increase in T-cell activity together with a decrease in B-cell activity in a very large series of patients with active acromegaly. These data further support the existence of abnormalities of the immune system in patients with chronic GH/IGF-1 excess.

Acromegaly↗
PubMed2002

Effects of coronary artery bypass grafting on cellular immunity with or without cardiopulmonary bypass: changes in lymphocytes subsets.

Cell-mediated immunity responses decrease after all kinds of surgical procedures. Either anesthesia or surgical trauma plays an important role in this effect. Identification of functional lymphocyte subsets, by using appropriate monoclonal antibodies and analysis of flow cytometry data, appears to provide an accurate measurement of cellular immune competence. We found a significant decrease in the total number of T helper/inducer cells (p<0.035), B cells (p<0.043) and natural killer cells (NK) (p<0.018) but in contrast, increase in NK cell activity (p<0.012) in the peripheral arterial blood of ten patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with cardiopulmonary bypass (group 1) immediately after surgery and postoperative day 1 (POD1). On the other hand, there was no significant change of these parameters occurred in the peripheral arterial blood of ten patients (group 2) who were undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting without cardiopulmonary bypass. Therefore, we conclude that coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with cardiopulmonary bypass induce a greater decrease in immunologic response than CABG without cardiopulmonary bypass (off pump) operations. Nevertheless, off pump CABG operations do not induce a greater decrease in immunologic response than other surgical operations.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Prognostic value of phenotypic alterations in blood lymphocyte subsets in a murine retrovirus-induced immunodeficiency syndrome (MAIDS).

Mice infected with the Duplan strain of murine leukaemia virus (Dup MuLV), a retrovirus, develop a syndrome sharing several features with AIDS, including lymphadenopathy and profound immunodeficiency. We measured the changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte populations and evaluated their predictive value for the outcome of disease in C57Bl/6 mice. Animals were inoculated with Dup MuLV (SC1/Dup MuLV confluent fibroblast supernatant or spleen extract from an infected mouse). Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were sequentially monitored for 73 days using flow cytometric analysis and MoAbs directly conjugated to fluorochromes. A striking fall in the Thy1.2+ cell count occurred in diseased animals, mostly affecting the CD8+ cell compartment. At the same time, the percentage of Ly5+ cells was increased. Mice were killed at day 73 and spleen and lymph node lymphocytes were analysed. Phenotypic lymphocyte modifications in peripheral blood were closely related to those in the spleen or lymph nodes. Analysis of Ly6c antigen expression on CD4+ and CD8+ cells showed a selective expansion of the CD8+Ly6c+ subset, which may reflect a state of immune activation. Our results suggest that phenotypic alterations of peripheral blood lymphocytes are a good marker of disease progression in this model and could be a useful criterion to evaluate antiretroviral therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Lymphocyte subsets in habitual abortion.

Lymphocyte subpopulations were characterized by means of monoclonal antibodies in 25 women with habitual abortion and 21 multiparous normal women. Compared to nonpregnant women (N = 8), pregnant normal women were associated with significantly lower helper-to-suppressor ratios (1.71 +/- 0.41 versus 2.37 +/- 0.66). In contrast in pregnant women with habitual abortion (N = 13) the ratio remained high (2.32 +/- 0.73). Failure to increase the number of suppressors and a significant rise in helpers caused this increased ratio. We discuss the possible mechanisms and etiological importance of this finding in habitual abortion.

Abortion, Habitual↗