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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Remediable defects in Crohn disease: a prospective study of 63 patients.

To identify potentially remediable abnormalities in Crohn disease, 63 patients had evaluations performed for anemia, electrolyte deficiencies, defects of carbohydrate, fat, nitrogen, and vitamin B12 absorption, and jejunal bacterial overgrowth. Ninety percent of the group had two or more potentially correctable defects. More than 50% had anemia associated with iron or folate deficiency of vitamin B12 malabsorption; 33% had low levels of serum sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium either singly or in combination; 22% had lactose intolerance, fat malabsorption was persent in 31%; 75% had evidence of disturbed protein metabolism; and bacterial overgrowth of the upper part of the small bowel was identified in 30% of 47 patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Bone demineralization in Crohn's disease, its diagnosis, therapy and prevention].

In 20-60% of patients with Crohn's disease bone demineralization is found, usually osteoporosis, but also osteoporosis with malatic features. The cause is the reduced calcium intake (loss of appetite, lactose intolerance and malabsorption), reduced vitamin D intake and corticoid therapy. Nowadays the diagnosis is facilitated by the use of densitometers (ultrasonic and DEXA) and markers of osteoresorption and new bone formation. In treatment in addition to calcium and vitamin D used for a long time, fluorides are administered (only as monofluorophosphate), nasal thyrocalcitonin and bisphosphonates of the third series (alendronate). In postmenopausal women also hormonal treatment can be used unless contraindicated. However, burdening of the bones with regular exercise is a necessity. For prevention adequate calcium and vitamin D intake is important, non-smoking, and exercise.

Bone Demineralization, Pathologic↗
PubMed2000

Hypersensitivity alveolitis induced by endogenous candida species

We report the case of a 64-year old woman with severe attacks of allergic alveolitis occurring frequently independent of a concrete place. These attacks were regularely preceded by diarrhoe. Laboratory data showed marked leukopenia and circulating Candida albicans (C.a.)-antigen. Bronchoalveolar lavage revealed an increase in neutrophils (13%). Transbronchial biopsies showed focal alveolitis and focal septal fibrosis with bronchiolitis obliterans and an epitheloid cell granuloma. Immunohistochemical examination revealed C.a.-antigen in alveolar macrophages. In the faeces a high amount of C.a. and C. glabrata was detected. In serum IgG and IgA were positive against C.a., IgE against C.a. was negative. Lymphocyte proliferation assay with C.a.-antigen was positive. Intradermal skin test with C.a. showed positive immediate and late phase reaction. Furthermore inhalation challenge with C.a.-antigen was positive. A febrile reaction with chills, dyspnea and hypoxemia and leukocytosis in peripheral blood occured after 6 hours. Lung function showed a predominantly obstructive impairment of ventilation. An extensive search for other IgG- or IgE-mediated allergies (other fungi, environmental or food allergens) was completely negative. Investigation of the gastrointestinal tract did not show any abnormality exept the detection of lactose intolerance. There was no fungal growth in the patients flat. After initiation of antimycotic treatment the symptoms resolved completely. - We conclude that the disease was induced by C.a.-antigen reaching the lungs from the intestinal tract via the bloodstream. It is still a matter of debate whether an additional factor is necessary for the antigen to penetrate the intestinal mucosa.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

[Choice of therapy for children with acute gastroenteritis in Norway].

BACKGROUND: Acute gastroenteritis is a common and potentially lethal condition in children worldwide. Recommendations for oral rehydration therapy have been issued by paediatric societies both in the USA and Europe. In 1998, The European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) initiated a multicentre study to determine how current practice corresponds with these recommendations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Paediatricians and general practitioners in 29 European countries responded to a questionnaire regarding oral rehydration therapy of a six months old infant. RESULTS: In Norway, 55 physicians responded. Neither paediatricians nor general practitioners seem to be familiar with all the ESPGHAN recommendations. There is a lack of knowledge about the advantages of fast rehydration and subsequent early reintroduction of a normal diet. Many physicians also wrongly believe that secondary lactose intolerance is a common complication. INTERPRETATION: The recommendations do not seem to be well implemented among health professionals. It is necessary to educate health-care workers at all levels in order to improve treatment of acute diarrhoea in children.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

[Nutritional therapy in gastrointestinal diseases. Diets--necessary or superfluous?].

Diets form a part of the treatment concept in numerous gastrointestinal diseases. Their effectiveness, however, varies considerably from one disease to another. Thus, for example, diet is of decisive importance in celiac disease and lactose intolerance. In contrast, dietary measures are ineffective in the treatment of gallstones, and uncertain as a prophylactic measure against biliary colic. While dietetic measures are an important temporary measure in acute pancreatitis, in chronic pancreatitis such an approach is often not complied with, since it includes abstinence from alcohol. In chronic inflammatory bowel disease, diet can ameliorate a number of complications, although it leaves the pathological process itself unaffected. High-fiber diet is, for the most part, ineffective in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. The present article discusses the benefits of dietary measures in a number of gastroenterological disorders.

Feeding Behavior↗
PubMed2001

[Specific carbohydrate malabsorption].

Specific malabsorption of carbohydrate is related to the lack or decrease in enzymatic activity needed for its hydrolysis; seldom, it is related to the lack or overloading in transport mechanism of monosaccharide. Ingestion of unabsorbed carbohydrate may induce digestive symptoms due to its colonic fermentation (borborygmus, bloating, pain, and flatus) or its osmotic activity (diarrhoea). In a patient consuming at least a bowl of milk per day and suffering of functional digestive symptoms, intolerance to lactose must be ruled out because its treatment is easy and efficient, i.e. to put fermented dairy products in place of milk.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed2001

Defining and diagnosing irritable bowel syndrome.

Approximately 20% of the general population has irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Although the majority of these individuals do not consult a physician, IBS accounts for 25% of visits to a gastroenterologist and up to 12% of visits to a primary care physician. Consequently, the direct and indirect costs associated with IBS are estimated at $8 billion annually. IBS symptoms, with no apparent structural pathology, include altered bowel habits, abdominal pain/discomfort, and bloating. The Rome II criteria, a standardized guideline for the diagnosis of IBS, contains in its definition abdominal pain or discomfort associated with altered bowel habits. Bloating may often be present. Three patient subgroups are defined according to the predominant bowel symptom: constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea. Hematology, fecal occult blood test, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and lactose intolerance evaluations are recommended for all patients demonstrating symptoms of IBS. When indicated, tests are recommended to rule out bacterial or parasitic infections, pelvic floor muscle dyssynergia, colonic inertia, peptic ulcer, or inflammatory bowel disease.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1975

Giardiasis.

The recent near-epidemic incidence of Giardia lamblia infection in visitors to the Soviet Union illustrates the importance of this intestinal flagellate as a cause of diarrhea in travelers worldwide. Clinical states range from the asymptomatic cyst-passing stage, to the chronic or subacute stage mimicking gallbladder or ulcer disease, to the transient or, rarer, persistent acute stage with steatorrhea and substantial weight loss. Symptoms may be related to IgA deficiency. Secondary lactose intolerance may follow eradication of the parasite. Diagnosis is usually based on repeated stool examinations or examination of duodenal contents. Quinacrine hydrochloride is the most effective treatment, but metronidazole and furazolidone are also useful. Contaminated water is the most likely source of infection.

Feces↗
PubMed2002

[Nutrition in chronic inflammatory bowl diseases. What your patient tolerates is permitted].

Modifying the diet can have a favorable impact on the course of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. In contrast, nutrition plays no major role in the development of the disease or in provoking an acute attack. During an acute attack of Crohn's disease, the application of oral (drinks) or tube feeding (enteral nutrition) can result in a substantial clinical improvement. The remission rate of this side effect-free therapy is, however, lower than that seen with steroids. The data available for diet therapy in ulcerative colitis are less unequivocal, but the effects are probably slight at best. During the remission phase, the patient should eat a balanced, vitamin-rich and varied normal diet that excludes all poorly tolerated foods: lactose intolerance in particular appears to be increased in patients with Crohn's disease. Known vitamin or mineral deficiencies should be corrected by appropriate dietary measures or supplementation. There is no such thing as a "Crohn's diet" or "colitis diet". The patient can be allowed to eat anything that is tolerated.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Functional foods in pediatrics.

The philosophy that food can be health promoting beyond its nutritional value is gaining acceptance. Known disease preventive aspects of nutrition have led to a new science, the 'functional food science'. Functional foods, first introduced in Japan, have no universally accepted definition but can be described as foods or food ingredients that may provide health benefits and prevent diseases. Currently, there is a growing interest in these products. However, not all regulatory issues have been settled yet. Five categories of foods can be classified as functional foods: dietary fibers, vitamins and minerals, bioactive substances, fatty acids and pro-, pre- and symbiotics. The latter are currently the main focus of research. Functional foods can be applied in pediatrics: during pregnancy, nutrition is 'functional' since it has prenatal influences on the intra-uterine development of the baby, after birth, 'functional' human milk supports adequate growth of infants and pro- and prebiotics can modulate the flora composition and as such confer certain health advantages. Functional foods have also been studied in pediatric diseases. The severity of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal allergy and lactose intolerance may be reduced by using functional foods. Functional foods have proven to be valuable contributors to the improvement of health and the prevention of diseases in pediatric populations.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Probiotics: an overview of beneficial effects.

Food products fermented by lactic acid bacteria have long been used for their proposed health promoting properties. In recent years, selected probiotic strains have been thoroughly investigated for specific health effects. Properties like relief of lactose intolerance symptoms and shortening of rotavirus diarrhoea are now widely accepted for selected probiotics. Some areas, such as the treatment and prevention of atopy hold great promise. However, many proposed health effects still need additional investigation. In particular the potential benefits for the healthy consumer, the main market for probiotic products, requires more attention. Also, the potential use of probiotics outside the gastrointestinal tract deserves to be explored further. Results from well conducted clinical studies will expand and increase the acceptance of probiotics for the treatment and prevention of selected diseases.

Bacillus↗
PubMed2002

Preconception counseling about nutrition and exercise.

Being overweight and being underweight can both cause problems during pregnancy. Corrective intervention should be addressed during the preconception period. Preconception counseling is of particular importance for women on special diets or those who have conditions such as pica, anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and lactose intolerance. Supplements of folic acid and iron should be considered. Excesses of vitamin A, vitamin D, and caffeine should be avoided. Appropriate levels of exercise may be maintained during pregnancy and should be encouraged.

Counseling↗
PubMed1976

[The application of a combined Xylose-lactose tolerance-test in children with suspected malabsorption (author's transl)].

A combined xylose-lactose tolerance-test and a duodenal biopsy were performed in 68 children with suspected malabsorption-syndrome. The purpose of the present work was to assess the diagnostic value of xylose concentrations in blood at different times and to determine the additional discriminatory value to glucose levels. The contribution of the glucose rise to a calculated discriminant function is statistically significant but practically negligible and therefore does not justify its determination. A small-bowel biopsy is recommended if the concentration of xylose after 60 min is less than 26 mg/100 ml or the increment of xylose concentration above fasting level is 18 mg/100 ml or less.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1992

The effect of Hylak drops on symptomatology in persons with irritable bowel syndrome.

The authors present an account on the therapeutic effect of Hylak drops of Merckle Co. in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. They assume that in the pathophysiological mechanism of the disease an important part is played by intestinal dysmicrobia. After two weeks' administration Hylak, 3 x 40 drops, they recorded in 20 patients with the exception of one female patient (where ex post lactose intolerance was revealed which is a contraindication of this treatment), partial or complete regression of subjective complaints in particular as regards intestinal discomfort and the number of imperative bowel movements. As to objective indicators, they proved changes in the pH of faeces and qualitative as well as quantitative changes of the microbial spectrum in faeces.

Anti-Infective Agents↗