Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Intestinal Obstruction”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Sonographic detection of visceral adhesion in percutaneous drainage of afferent-loop small-intestine obstruction.

To facilitate the percutaneous drainage of an afferent-loop small-intestine obstruction, we used sonography to detect visceral adhesions and select a safe puncture route. The portion of the small intestine that was fixed to the anterior abdominal wall was sonographically identified by using a high-frequency transducer to locate the area of restricted visceral sliding. The needle was then inserted into the intestine. In 3 cases, we have found that this technique improves the confidence of the physicians who perform the percutaneous drainage and may help to minimize the risks associated with the percutaneous drainage.

Afferent Loop Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

Palliative treatment of upper intestinal obstruction by gynecological malignancy: the usefulness of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.

The usefulness of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) for decompression in patients with unresolving intestinal obstruction by gynecological malignancy is examined. Between April 1993 and August 1995, 34 consecutive patients with small-bowel obstruction by gynecological cancer, heavily pretreated with surgery and chemotherapy, were admitted to our prospective study. PEG was performed in 32/34 patients (94.1%). Failure in the placing of the tube occurred in 2 patients (5.9%). Twenty-seven patients (84.4%) experienced symptomatic relief after a few days from PEG and tolerated soft and liquid foods. All of these patients were discharged from the hospital and underwent parenteral nutrition at home. The median postoperative hospital stay was 7 days (range 3-45). No major complications due to PEG placement itself occurred in our patients. Only 4 patients (12.5%) had postprocedure nausea and vomiting that was unresponsive to the conventional therapy. The use of Octreotide (0.6 mg/24 hr) obtained relief from symptoms until death. The gastrostomy remained in place for a median of 74 days (range 5-210). Relief from symptoms after PEG placement and total parenteral nutrition permitted continuation of palliative chemotherapy in 8 patients (25%). We suggest percutaneous endoscopic drainage gastrostomy technique as the procedure of choice for long-term drainage of unresolving small bowel obstruction in patient with metastatic abdominal gynecologic malignancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis causing peritonitis, ileitis and intestinal obstruction.

Patients with Campylobacter enterocolitis may come to laparotomy due to the severity of abdominal symptoms and signs, although only two patients with intestinal inflammation have been described and in neither was the histopathology documented. A case of a 52-year-old male who had a typical diarrhoeal illness of Campylobacter enterocolitis diagnosed on stool culture is reported. Despite appropriate treatment he developed signs and symptoms consistent with small intestinal obstruction. Laparotomy revealed peritonitis and thickened distal ileum with transmural inflammatory changes on histopathology. These changes were shown to have completely resolved at a second laparotomy, required for persistent obstruction due to adhesions. Recurrent adhesions culminated in a third laparotomy. The clinical, operative and histopathological findings may be confused with Crohn's disease.

Campylobacter Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Palliative care for intestinal obstruction in recurrent ovarian cancer: a multivariate analysis.

Bowel obstruction is the most common complication in patients with ovarian cancer. Management of this situation is controversial. The aim of our retrospective study was to determine the best approach for managing bowel obstruction in recurrent ovarian cancer. A retrospective analysis of data on 47 patients with intestinal obstruction by ovarian cancer was performed. Twenty-seven patients were submitted to surgery, with 21 intestinal procedures performed, 2 gastrostomy tubes placed, and 4 patients deemed inoperable. Twenty patients were managed medically with Octreotide (mean dosage of 0.48 mg/day), of which 1 patient required a nasogastric tube. Age, performance status, diagnosis of tumor to occlusion time, obstruction site, previous chemotherapy or radiotherapy, presence of ascites, or palpable masses were the variables analyzed. Student's t-test and Pearson chi-square test were used to compare the two different groups of treatment (surgical vs medical therapy). Disease-free-survival curves were plotted according to the Kaplan-Meier method and analyzed by the log-rank test. Cox's proportional hazards model was used for multivariate analysis. Values less than or equal to 0.05 were considered significant. The mean age of the patients was 58.7 years. Perioperative mortality and morbidity were both 22%. All patients died with minimal distress. Performance status results were significantly different between the patients submitted to surgery and patients treated with Octreotide (P= 0.03). No significant differences were found in the other variables analyzed. In multivariate analysis, only type of treatment emerges as a strong predictor of poor outcome (P < 0.001). Both surgery and Octreotide therapy are able to control distressing symptoms in end-stage ovarian cancer. Survival was significantly longer in the surgical group, and surgical palliation should be considered first in patients with good performance status.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Intestinal obstruction due to a mesenteric cyst.

Mesenteric cysts are rarely thought of, may be difficult to diagnose, and are usually asymptomatic except when complicated. Intestinal obstruction is a rarely reported complication of these cysts. A case of mesenteric cyst that was causing obstruction of the large bowel is presented, along with a review of the literature.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

[Early diagnosis of postoperative intestinal obstruction].

Forty-three patients were reoperated in the early postoperative period. In 27 of them the cause of early relaparotomy was postoperative intestinal obstruction. In 20 of these 27 patients the cause of postoperative obstruction were adhesive lesions. Of the 43 reoperated patients 31 showed distinct clinical signs and symptoms of postoperative obstruction. In 12 patients early diagnostic laparoscopy was performed due to unclear symptomatology. This allowed to obtain detailed information and to reduce the period of dynamic observation, to lessen postoperative risk, to avoid unnecessary relaparotomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The effect of somatostatin on experimental intestinal obstruction.

The effect of somatostatin (SS-14) was tested in an anesthetized rabbit model of closed-loop ileal obstruction. Experimental groups included (1) immediate treatment (N = 6) receiving SS-14 2,000 pmol X kg-1 X h-1 intravenously (I.V.) beginning at the time of ileal obstruction, (2) delayed treatment (N = 5) receiving SS-14 beginning 6 hours following ileal obstruction, and (3) control (N = 6) receiving only hydration. After 24 hours, all rabbits were killed. Significantly decreased intestinal luminal volume and sodium and potassium output was observed with both immediate and delayed SS-14 treatment when compared to control. Additionally, the gross and microscopic pathologic features of intestinal distension, inflammation, and necrosis seen in control rabbits were absent in rabbits treated with SS-14. The known broad spectrum of physiologic activity of SS-14 on the gastrointestinal tract appeared beneficial in this rabbit model of intestinal obstruction.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Intestinal obstruction. The experience of the Emergency Service of S. José Hospital 1981-1991].

The results of 3679 patients, with intestinal obstruction, submitted to emergency surgery at the UUC-HCL between November 1981 and November 1991, were analysed in a general way, with the use of a graphic presentation. In the mechanical group, hernia (1604 cases), adhesions and bands (568 cases) and cancer (713 cases) were the most common pathologies; intestinal ischaemia (143 cases) was the most frequent form in the neurogenic group. Surgical therapy was evaluated in a general way. However, we comment on the evolution of primary surgical treatment of colorectal cancer in obstruction (625 cases). The mortality rate was in general: 10.8% (adults). In relative terms, the main features were intestinal ischaemia (39%), cancer (23%) and intestinal volvulus (22%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Intestinal obstruction in patients with advanced carcinoma of the ovaries treated with combination chemotherapy.

An analysis of incidence, risk factors and treatment results of intestinal obstruction caused by carcinoma of the ovaries was performed in 310 consecutive patients with carcinoma of the ovaries, The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IIB to IV, treated with combination chemotherapy. With a median observation time of 46 months, the incidence was 14 per cent and the cumulated risk was estimated to be 26 per cent at five years after treatment was begun. Risk factors were stages IIIB and IV, residual primary tumor size greater than 2 centimeters and presence of intestinal carcinomatosis at primary laparotomy. There was no difference in the survival time between 16 conservatively treated patients and 25 surgically treated patients (a median of 30 and 68 days, respectively, p greater than 0.30). The complication risk of surgical treatment was high (64 per cent), and surgical benefit--defined as survival greater than 60 days with total palliation of intestinal symptoms--was achieved in only 32 per cent.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Intestinal obstruction and bezoars.

BACKGROUND: Bezoars are large conglomerates of vegetable fibers, hairs, or concretions of various substances located in the stomach or small intestine of humans and certain animals, mainly ruminants. Gastrointestinal bezoars have constituted a relatively common clinical reality ever since the introduction of truncal vagotomy associated with drainage or gastric resection in the treatment of gastroduodenal peptic ulcer. STUDY DESIGN: This study presents a series of 87 cases of intestinal bezoar treated in our department of general surgery. Analysis was made of data obtained retrospectively from clinical histories, together with a clinical and endoscopic review of the patients. RESULTS: Most of the patients had had previous operative treatment (76.3 percent), the most commonly used technique being bilateral truncal vagotomy plus pyloroplasty (75.8 percent). An excessive intake of vegetable fiber was revealed in 39.5 percent of the cases, and alterations in dentition and mastication in 24 percent. Operative treatment was used in all patients. We attempted to fragment the bezoar and milk it to the cecum. Enterotomy and bezoar extraction were reserved for cases where fragmentation was impossible, as enterotomy was associated with more complications (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral truncal vagotomy plus pyloroplasty and a excessive ingestion of vegetable fiber are the main factors predisposing to bezoar formation. Clinically, intestinal bezoars manifest themselves in most cases as complete intestinal obstruction. Simple roentgenography of the abdomen is the fundamental technique for diagnosing the occlusive syndrome. Treatment must be operative, during which the bezoar is fragmented and milked to the cecum. The stomach must be explored for associated bezoars.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Intestinal obstruction in the elderly. Causes, interventions, postop complications and risk factors].

Forty-eight patients aged 80 or more were operated on for intestinal obstruction mainly due to incarcerated hernias (39.6%) and colonic neoplasms (27.1%). The morbility rate was 27.1% and the mortality rate was 8.3%. The study of the variables frequently related to the risk of postoperative complications (cancer, intraoperative contamination, emergency and blood transfusion) showed statistical significance only for blood transfusion. The others (emergency included) did not have a prognostic significance in this series.

Aged↗