Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Immune function”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Effect of bovine immunodeficiency-like virus infection on immune function in experimentally infected cattle.

Bovine immunodeficiency-like virus (BIV) is a bovine lentivirus that has antigenic and genetic homology with the human immunodeficiency virus. Little work has been reported on the effect of BIV infection on bovine immune function. This study was designed to evaluate lymphocyte blastogenesis, mononuclear cell subset numbers, neutrophil function, hematology, and clinical signs in three groups of cattle. These groups were evaluated at 0-2 months post inoculation (PI, Group 1), 4-5 months PI (Group 2), or 19-27 months PI (Group 3). BIV infected animals were inoculated with the R-29 isolate of BIV in tissue culture cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a R-29 infected calf, or a molecular clone of the R-29 isolate. Most inoculated animals seroconverted to BIV by Western immunoblot. BIV was reisolated from most of the animals inoculated. BIV infection was associated with an increase in the lymphocyte blastogenic response to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin in Groups 2 and 3. Neutrophil antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity and neutrophil iodination were decreased (P < 0.05) in BIV infected cattle (Groups 2 and 3 and Group 3, respectively). All animals were clinically normal during the evaluation periods. Notable differences were not observed in the other assessments performed. Work with additional BIV isolates and over longer time frames is warranted.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Density-dependent competition and selection on immune function in genetic lizard morphs.

Density-dependent territorial interactions have been suggested to cause immunosuppression and thereby decrease fitness, but empirical support from natural populations is lacking. Data from a natural lizard population (Uta stansburiana) showed that breeding females surrounded by many territorial neighbors had suppressed immune function. Furthermore, variation in immunological condition had different effects on the fitness of the two heritable female throat-color morphs in this population. These interactive fitness effects caused correlational selection between female throat color and immune responsiveness. Population genetic theory predicts that this should have lead to the buildup and preservation of a genetic correlation between female morphotype and immunological condition. Accordingly, the throat color of a female was genetically correlated (r(A) = -1.36; SE = 0.55) with her daughter's immune responsiveness.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

Enhancement of immune function in mice fed high doses of soy daidzein.

High soy consumption leading to high exposures of soy isoflavones has been associated with a reduced risk of cancers at many sites. As part of a study focusing on the chemopreventive mechanisms, we have investigated the modulating effects of daidzein, a prominent and more bioavailable isoflavone in soy foods, on murine immune function. Swiss mice were fed daidzein at various doses daily for seven consecutive days. At high doses (20 and 40 mg/kg), daidzein exerted a stimulatory effect on nonspecific immunity, as shown by increases in the phagocytic response of peritoneal macrophages and thymus weight, in a dose-dependent manner. Augmentation of spleen immunoglobulin M-producing cells against sheep red blood cells demonstrated an-activation of humoral immunity. Enhanced cell-mediated immunity was also observed as increases in lymphocyte proportion of peripheral blood. However, no significant immunoregulatory effect was found when mice were fed 10 mg/kg daidzein. These results demonstrate for the first time that daidzein at high doses enhances several immunologic functions and suggest a novel approach to understanding the mechanism(s) by which soy foods may contribute to observed cancer prevention.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Impairment of growth and immune function of avocet chicks from sites with elevated selenium, arsenic, and boron.

Avocets (Recurvirostra americana) hatched from eggs collected from the south Central Valley of California (USA) were studied to determine the impact of elevated concentrations of selenium, arsenic, and boron on the immune system and growth to maturity. Corcoran ponds were the reference site with low selenium (1.2 ppb) and arsenic (29 ppb) (boron not measured). Westfarmers Pond had elevated concentrations of selenium (319 ppb), arsenic (127 ppb), and boron (109 ppm). Pryse ponds also had elevated selenium, arsenic, and boron concentrations (13.9 ppb, 1,100 ppb, and 29.4 ppm, respectively). Size at hatch was significantly reduced (P < or = 0.05) in birds from Westfarmers and Pryse ponds. The growth rate was faster, but mean adult size was reduced in birds from Pryse ponds. Avocet chicks from Pryse and Westfarmers ponds exposed solely through in ovo transfer of these elements had significantly increased heterophil:lymphocyte ratios. The phagocytic activity of macrophages also was significantly reduced in these birds, and Pryse Pond birds had an increased proliferative ability of lymphocytes in the presence of concanavalin A, a T-cell mitogen. Avocet chicks (< or = 5 wk old) were captured from the various ponds and the same morphometric and immune function measurements made. The birds that were most severely impacted by exposure to these compounds were those that were collected from Pryse ponds.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Effects of concurrent cisplatinum administration during radiotherapy vs. radiotherapy alone on the immune function of patients with cancer of the uterine cervix.

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of concurrent administration of cisplatinum (40 mg/m(2)/weekly) with radiation therapy (C-RT) to those induced by radiation therapy alone (RT) on the immune function of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In 8 prospectively randomized patients (i.e., 4 receiving RT vs. 4 receiving C-RT), lymphocyte populations including CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell subsets, B cells (CD19+) and natural killer cells (CD56+, CD16+, CD3-) were studied before, during, and after therapy. Expression of the activation marker CD25 on CD3+ T cells, intracellular levels of perforin in CD8+ and CD56+ cells, and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-2 in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was also measured. Finally, lymphoblast transformation and natural killer (NK) cytotoxic activity were assessed. RESULTS: Both RT and C-RT significantly decreased the mean absolute number of all lymphocyte subsets compared to pretreatment levels (p > 0.001). However, no differences were detected in the characteristics or the magnitude of the lymphopenia induced by the two treatments. Both RT and C-RT increased similarly the percentages of CD25-positive lymphocytes (p > 0.001), and significantly decreased PHA-induced T-cell lymphoblast transformation (p > 0.001) and NK cytotoxic activity against K562 cells (p > 0.001). The percentage of perforin-positive and CD8+ T cells was not altered during either treatment, whereas the percentage of perforin-positive and CD56+ cells was significantly reduced during both treatments, and correlated with reduced cytotoxicity against K562 cells. The percentages of CD8+ IFN-gamma+ and CD4+ IFN-gamma+ T cells as well as that of CD8+ IL-2+ and CD4+ IL2+ T cells were not significantly altered by C-RT compared to RT alone. Finally, with both regimens, NK cells and B-cell numbers showed a more rapid recovery than T-cell numbers. CONCLUSION: Administration of concurrent cisplatinum to radiation may synergistically increase cytotoxic effects of radiation on tumor cells but does not alter the magnitude and the characteristics of radiation-induced immunosuppression.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Light color: effect on blood cells, immune function and stress status in turkey hens.

At 30 weeks of age, Large White turkey hens were exposed to blue (B), green (G), red (R), or incandescent (I) light equalized at a photon output of 9.0 microM/sec/m2. Blood cell counts, stress status, and immune function were evaluated after 15 and 23 weeks of exposure to the light treatments. The light color treatments had no effect on the total number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, or plasma corticosterone levels. Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity, anti-SRBC titers, number of heterophils, and heterophil/lymphocyte ratios were significantly affected by light color treatment. It was concluded that light color can have an effect on cellular and humoral immune responses but there was no consistent indication of treatment effects on stress status.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effect of surgical trauma on splenocyte and peritoneal macrophage immune function.

Although previous studies have shown that simple laparotomy produces a depression in peritoneal macrophage (Mphi) antigen presentation capacity, it remains unknown whether the adverse effects of laparotomy are limited to peritoneal Mphi or whether such an insult also affects splenocyte immune function. To study this, mice were anesthetized and a 1-inch midline abdominal incision was made, followed by abdominal closure. At 2 and 24 hours after the surgical procedure, the animals were killed, splenocyte cultures established and stimulated for 48 hours with concanavalin A (2.5 micrograms/mL), while peritoneal macrophage cultures were stimulated with LPS (10 micrograms/mL). The proliferative capacity of the splenocytes, as well as their ability to release interleukin-2 and interleukin-3, was markedly decreased at 2 as well as 24 hours after laparotomy. Furthermore, the release of interleukin-6 by splenic and peritoneal macrophages from animals that underwent laparotomy were also significantly depressed at both 2 and 24 hours. These results support the concept that surgical stress in the form of midline laparotomy per se is sufficient to produce a significant impairment in cell-mediated immunity, thus setting the stage for increased incidence of postoperative complications.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Differentiation and immune function of human dendritic cells following infection by respiratory syncytial virus.

RSV causes annual epidemics of bronchiolitis in winter months resulting in the hospitalization of many infants and the elderly. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a pivotal role in coordinating immune responses to infection and some viruses skew, or subvert, the immune functions of DCs. RSV infection of DCs could alter their function and this could explain why protection after natural RSV infection is incomplete and of short duration. In this study, this interaction between DCs and RSV was investigated using a human primary culture model. DCs were generated from purified healthy adult volunteer peripheral blood monocytes. Effects of RSV upon DC phenotype with RSV primed DCs was measured using flow cytometry. Changes to viability and proliferation of cocultured DCs and T-cells were determined using microscopy with fluorescent dyes (Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide). DC maturation was not prevented by the RSV challenge. RSV infected a fraction of DCs (10-30%) but the virus replicated slowly in these cells with only small reduction to cell viability. DCs challenged with RSV stimulated T-cell proliferation less well than lipopolysaccharide. This is the first study to demonstrate RSV infection of human monocyte derived DCs and suggests that the virus does not significantly interfere with the function of these cells and potentially may promote cellular rather than humoral responses.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Effect of perioperative nutrition, with and without arginine supplementation, on nutritional status, immune function, postoperative morbidity, and survival in severely malnourished head and neck cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: Malnourished head and neck cancer patients are at increased risk of postoperative complications. OBJECTIVE: We studied the effect of perioperative, arginine-supplemented nutritional support on nutritional status, immune status, postoperative outcome, and survival in severely malnourished (weight loss >10% of body weight) head and neck cancer patients undergoing major surgery. DESIGN: Forty-nine patients were randomly assigned to receive 1) no preoperative and standard postoperative tube feeding, 2) standard preoperative and postoperative tube feeding, or 3) arginine-supplemented preoperative and postoperative tube feeding. RESULTS: Patients in both prefed groups received approximately 9 d of preoperative tube feeding, resulting in energy intakes of 110% and 113% of calculated needs (compared with 79% in the control group; P = 0.007). Compared with no preoperative feeding, preoperative enteral nutrition did not significantly improve nutritional status or any of the studied biochemical or immunologic indexes. Major postoperative complications occurred in 53%, 47%, and 59% of patients in study groups 1, 2, and 3 (NS). A trend was seen toward better survival in the arginine-supplemented group (P = 0.15). Secondary analysis showed that survivors had better human leukocyte antigen-DR expression on monocytes (P = 0.05) and higher endotoxin-induced cytokine production (P = 0.010 for tumor necrosis factor alpha and P = 0.042 for interleukin 6) at the start of the study than did patients who died. CONCLUSIONS: Nine days of preoperative tube feeding, with or without arginine, did not significantly improve nutritional status, reduce the surgery-induced immune suppression, or affect clinical outcome in severely malnourished head and neck cancer patients. Patients supplemented with arginine-enriched nutrition tended to live longer. Some markers of immune function may distinguish patients with good or bad prognoses.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Effects of morphine tolerance and abstinence on cellular immune function.

Female B6C3F1 mice were rendered tolerant-dependent on morphine by a combination of injections and pellet implantation. Mice were injected with morphine sulfate (20 mg/kg, s.c.) twice a day on day 1. On day 2, they were implanted s.c. with a 75 mg morphine pellet for 3 days. On day 5, the pellets were either left intact (tolerant) or removed 8 h prior (abstinent) to carrying out the immune function tests. A high degree of tolerance to the analgesic and hypothermic effect of morphine developed as a result of this procedure. Similarly, physical dependence also developed as evidenced by the signs of the abrupt and naltrexone-precipitated abstinence syndrome. Implantation with morphine pellets resulted in a profound, statistically significant reduction in spleen and thymus weight and cellularities, with the greatest degree of reduction noted in abstinent animals. Morphine tolerance was associated with suppressed B-cell proliferation following in vitro stimulation, as well as interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-4 production by T-cells. NK cell activity was significantly reduced in morphine-tolerant, but not in morphine-abstinent, mice following a 24 h incubation in the presence or absence of IL-2. In comparison, the in vitro induction of cytotoxic T-cells was significantly depressed in morphine-abstinent, but not morphine-tolerant, animals. Exposure to morphine apparently had limited effect on macrophage function as assessed by production of tumor necrosis factor. These studies demonstrate a differential effect on immune effector and regulatory mechanisms in morphine tolerance and abstinence processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Dietary nucleotide effects upon immune function in infants.

Nucleotide (NT) nitrogen, a component of nonprotein nitrogen, accounts for approximately 0.1% to 0.15% of the total nitrogen content of human milk. The results of studies in animals indicate that dietary NTs may be required for maintenance of normal immune function. Thirty-seven healthy term infants were either breast-fed (n = 9) or fed SMA formula supplemented with 33 mg of NTs per liter (n = 13, NT+) or standard SMA formula (n = 15; NT-). At 2 months of age, natural killer cell percent cytotoxicity was significantly higher in the breast-fed and NT+ groups compared with the NT- group (41.7 +/- 4.7, 32.2 +/- 3.4, 21.7 +/- 2.2%, respectively). Interleukin-2 production by stimulated mononuclear cells was higher in the NT+ compared with the NT- group at 2 months of age (0.90 +/- 0.28 U/mL, 0.27 +/- 0.11 U/mL, respectively); neither formula-fed group differed significantly from the breast-fed group. Rate of growth and incidence and severity of infections did not differ significantly among dietary groups. Nucleotides may be a component of human milk that contributes to the enhanced immunity of the breast-fed infant.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed2006

Nutrition and immune function.

The complexity of the immune system allows for a multitude of potential avenues for nutrient modulation, but this also increase the challenge of producing a predictable in vivo response. Because the immune response is a cascade of biologic events, development of nutritional support paradigms cannot and should not be made in a vacuum or with the expectation of a singular response. It is absolutely imperative that the clinician/nutritionist understand the differences in metabolIc and physiologic responses to disease states (ie, shock, trauma, organ-specific dysfunction) so as to maximize immunocompetence through specialized feeding practices. This level of understanding is invaluable, especially when considering the possible benefit of nutrient combinations for immunomodualtion.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1991

Amyl nitrite alters human in vitro immune function.

Effects on the human immune system of volatile nitrite inhalation were studied in 18 male volunteers. While nitrite inhalation decreased the absolute number of CD3+ T lymphocytes during the period of inhalation, cell numbers returned to pre-treatment levels within one week after cessation of the drug. Nitrite inhalation did not alter the percentage of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ or CD19+ lymphocytes. Natural killer (NK) cell activity against K562 target cells was depressed by nitrite administration but returned to pre-inhalation or greater levels after nitrite discontinuation. Cell proliferation following cell activation by PHA, ConA and PWM was unaffected by amyl nitrite inhalation. We conclude that in humans inhalation of volatile nitrites causes cycles of modest immunosuppression, particularly in NK activity, followed by gradual recovery when the drug is not inhaled for several days.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Sleep quality and immune functions in rheumatoid arthritis patients with and without major depression.

The purpose of this study was to determine the discriminative factors between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with and without major depression (MD). We assessed subjective sleep quality, pain, and cell-mediated immune functions in RA patients with (n = 20) and without (n = 20) MD by using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), visual analogue scale (VAS), and fluorescein isothiocyanat (FITC) labeled CD3, CD4, CD8, CDI9, CD45, CD56, and HLADR T monoclonal antibodies by flow cytometry. We found that the RA patients with MD had significantly higher pain level, poorer sleep equality, higher HDRS points, and higher HLADR T cell level than those without MD; and that these variables are discriminant factors between patient groups. These findings suggest that the RA patients with MD may be differentiated from those without MD by using VAS, PSQI, and HLADR levels; that these variables correctly classify the depressed and non depressed groups up to an accuracy level of 96.8%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Age-related changes in immune function of rats and the effect of long-term hypophysectomy.

The effect of age on the ability of rats to raise antibodies to sheep erythrocytes and on the number of IgM plaque-forming cells in the spleen was investigated. An age-related decline in both parameters was observed. Additionally, the possibility that long-term hypophysectomy coupled with minimal replacement therapy might result in a delay and/or reversal of the age-related decline in immune function was studied. It was observed that long-term hypophysectomized rats responded better to immunization with sheep erythrocytes than did their age-matched unoperated littermates. The possible relationship of this to aging is discussed.

Aging↗
PubMed1996

Melatonin administration attenuates depressed immune functions trauma-hemorrhage.

The pineal hormone melatonin has been used in clinical trials in patients suffering from AIDS and also as an adjuvant for cancer therapy. Although melatonin has been reported to have beneficial effects in some animal models of immune dysfunction, it remains unknown whether this hormone has any salutary effects on immunity following soft-tissue trauma and/or major blood loss. To study this, soft-tissue trauma (2.5-cm midline laparotomy) and hemorrhagic shock (arterial BP 35 +/- 5 mm Hg) were induced in C3H/HeN mice. The mice were resuscitated after 90 min of hypotension with the shed blood and lactated Ringer's solution. Treatment with saline, vehicle, or melatonin (10 mg/kg BW) subcutaneously was administered in the evening of the day of surgery and again on the following evening. All animals were sacrificed at 48 hr following trauma-hemorrhage and resuscitation to obtain plasma, splenocytes, as well as splenic and peritoneal macrophages (Mphi). The results indicate that melatonin administration after trauma-hemorrhage significantly improved the depressed immune functions, as evidenced by the restoration of Mphi IL-1 and IL-6 release, as well as significantly improved splenocyte IL-2 and IL-3 release and splenocyte proliferative capacity. No differences in circulating corticosterone levels between vehicle- and melatonin-treated animals were observed. This is the first study to show that melatonin, which is reported to be free of adverse side effects, can be considered a safe and effective therapeutic agent for restoring the depressed immunological function after soft-tissue trauma and hemorrhagic shock.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

[A preliminary study on the red cell immune function in blood stasis syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine].

20 patients with blood stasis syndrome (BSS), 20 patients with non-blood stasis syndrome (NBSS), and 17 normal subjects were measured by tests of RBC-C3b receptor rosette and RBC immune complex rosette. The rates of RBC-C3b receptor rosette formation (RBC-C3b RR, %) in BSS group, NBSS group and normal subjects were 20.90 +/- 4.02, 12.88 +/- 3.29 and 16.74 +/- 4.13 (P less than 0.01) respectively. The rates of RBC immune complex rosette formation (RBC-IC R, %) in the three groups were respectively 8.28 +/- 3.68, 7.73 +/- 2.48 and 7.41 +/- 2.43 (P less than 0.05). RBC-C3b RR was correlated to RBC-IC R in the normal subjects (r = 0.695, P less than 0.001). In patients with the same disease, RBC-C3b RR between the two syndromes (BSS and NBSS) was also very significantly different (P less than 0.01). This study suggested that there are variations on red cell immune function in BSS patients, and also provided an evidence that different syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine exist in diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Effect of atorvastatin and clopidogrel on cellular immune function.

Lipid lowering therapy by statins and antiaggregation have become the basis of any anti-atherosclerotic prophylaxis either as primary or secondary prophylaxis. As several recent papers indicated immunosuppressive properties of statins we investigated changes in lymphocyte subpopulations, apoptosis markers, and cellular immune response towards mitogens after a short-term therapy with atorvastatin and clopidogrel. Nine healthy volunteers (four male, five female, age ranging from 26 to 43 years) were treated with 20 mg atorvastatin for 4 weeks and for 2 additional weeks with 20 mg atorvastatin and 75 mg clopidogrel after oral consent was given. Lymphocyte subpopulations were counted by flow cytometry. To assess cellular in vitro immune function, lymphocyte transformation tests with four mitogens (PHA, ConA, PWM, and OKT3) were performed. Absolute leucocyte counts remained unchanged as well as the granulocyte, monocyte, lymphocyte, and lymphocyte subpopulation counts. There were no detectable changes in markers of cell activation (HLA-DR, CD25, CD69, and CD86) or apoptosis (CD95, annexin). Cellular in vitro responses towards four mitogens did not show significant changes after atorvastatin nor after atorvastatin plus clopidogrel treatment.In conclusion, our data show that atorvastatin is not an immunosuppressive drug under therapeutical conditions.

Adult↗