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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Microbial communities in the world's largest acidic volcanic lake, Kawah Ijen in Indonesia, and in the Banyupahit river originating from it.

A first study was made on the microbial community composition of the Indonesian crater lake Kawah Ijen (pH < 0.3) and the Banyupahit-Banyuputih river (pH 0.4-3.5) originating from it. Culture-independent, rRNA gene-based denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to profile microbial communities in this natural and ancient, extremely acidic environment. Similarity in community profiles of the different sampling locations was low, indicating heterogeneity in community composition. Archaea were present at all sampling locations; archaeal diversity was low at the most acidic locations and increased at pH >2.6. Bacteria were not detected in the water column of the crater lake, but were found at all locations along the acidic river. Bacterial diversity increased with increasing pH. Eukarya were only present at pH >2.6. Retrieved rRNA gene sequences of Bacteria and Archaea were not closely related to known acidophilic species. It is concluded that tolerance to extreme acidity in this system is developed most extensively among Archaea. The acidity gradient of the Banyupahit-Banyuputih river has a clear effect on microbial community composition and biodiversity.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy with 14484 mutation in Central Java, Indonesia.

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited late-onset form of blindness characterized by acute or subacute bilateral retinal degradation resulting in a permanent loss of central vision. G11778A, C3460A, and T14484C mutations on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are specific for LHON and account for most, but not all, worldwide LHON cases. A six-generation Indonesian LHON family with the T14484C mutation was analyzed. Polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis showed that all of the maternal lineages had the T14484C mutation in a homoplasmic form. Penetrance of the disease (33.3%) and male predominance (3:1) was similar to other worldwide LHON with the T14484C mutation. The incidence of offspring born to affected mothers was no different from that of unaffected mothers, and the age distribution of cases was no higher than that of asymptomatic carriers. Eight secondary mutations were sought but not detected. The patients of this family belonged to haplogroup M. These findings support the idea that the mtDNA backgrounds involved in the expression of LHON mutations in southeast Asians are different from those of Europeans.

Family Health↗
PubMed2003

Five different glucose-6-phophate [correction phosphate]dehydrogenase (G6PD) variants found among 11 G6PD-deficient persons in Flores Island, Indonesia.

We conducted a survey for malaria diagnosis and treatment in four primary schools in Flores Island, one of the Indonesian Islands with an area of 17000 km(2) and a population of 1.8 million. Of those examined, 24.4% were diagnosed as having malaria (90/363) and administered medicine immediately. A glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) test was performed at the same time, and 16 persons (4.4%) were diagnosed as G6PD deficient. Eleven persons consented to analysis of the G6PD genome. We analyzed these subjects and found one case of G6PD Vanua Lava (383T>C), five cases of G6PD Coimbra (592C>T), one case of G6PD Viangchan (871G>A), one case of G6PD Chatham (1003G>A), and three cases of G6PD Kaiping (1388G>A). These were unexpected findings because five different G6PD variants were found in such a small population. This suggests that people of Flores Island are derived from various ancestries.

Genetic Variation↗
PubMed2005

Molecular diversity of Artocarpus champeden (Moraceae): a species endemic to Indonesia.

A summary of results obtained in the study of natural products isolated from a Moraceae species Artocarpus champeden is presented. The various classes of 3-prenylflavonoids isolated and the biogenetical correlation between the metabolites are discussed. Some of the flavonoids exhibited strong cytotoxicity against murine leukemia P388 cell lines, suggesting that flavonoids derived from moraceous plants represent a plausible unexplored resource of novel antitumor leads.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Adaptation of the Centers for Disease Control guidelines for the prevention of nosocomial infection in a pediatric intensive care unit in Jakarta, Indonesia.

We attempted to implement a nosocomial infection control program based on the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines in an urban Indonesian public hospital at the request of Project Hope. Adoption of unmodified CDC guidelines was impeded by a substandard physical plant, absence of an infection control infrastructure, limited sterilization capabilities, lack of clinical microbiologic laboratory support, and the expense of single use medical devices. After on-site evaluations, CDC guidelines were extensively modified so that they were appropriate for local conditions and culture. Strategies included inexpensive architectural modifications, addition of sinks and a commode, introduction of disinfection procedures for reuse of disposable medical devices, and adaptation of available supplies for maintenance of aseptic technique. On subsequent site visits, many physical changes had been accomplished, and handling of reusable and disposable medical devises had improved considerably but adoption of clinical practice policies was incomplete. We conclude that it may be difficult to implement and sustain improvements in clinical practice in the absence of an infection control infrastructure and a strong commitment by hospital clinicians and administrators. Additional research is needed to refine flexible methods for rapidly assessing the specific infection control needs of institutions with widely disparate resources, patient populations, environments, and cultures.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1984

Menstrual regulation with prostaglandin (Pg ONO 802) in Indonesia.

This study was conducted to evaluate the safety, efficacy and acceptability of PGE1 vaginal suppositories (Pg ONO 802) in menstrual regulation. Each vaginal suppository contains 1 mg of 16,16 dimethyl-trans-delta 2 PGE1 methyl ester. Five suppositories were inserted as high as possible into the fornix posterior of the vagina at intervals of 3 h. Five hundred thirty four subjects with delay of menses mostly of up to 14 days were included in the study. Blood chemistry was evaluated and urine analysis performed in all subjects. Success of treatment was assessed on two alternative groups of criteria: (A) induction of bleeding by Pg ONO 802; (B) induction of bleeding achieved by Pg ONO 802 and not followed by surgical intervention. The success rate based on criteria A was 98.9%, and on criteria B 86%. If heavy bleeding occurred and signs of pregnancy were found during the trial period, intervention was made by vacuum aspiration or curettage when necessary. If bleeding did not occur and/or pregnancy continued, treatment was declared a failure and pregnancy was terminated by vacuum extraction or curettage. For non-pregnant subjects no intervention was made but careful re-evaluation was carried out. Mean duration of bleeding after Pg ONO 802 treatment was 6.7 days. Side-effects were generally mild. The incidence of diarrhea was 8.8%, nausea 7.8%, headache 5.8%, vomiting 2.8%; abdominal cramp occurred in as many as 66% of subjects. No treatment was given for these side-effects as they were within acceptable limits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1992

Delegation of obstetric care in Indonesia.

An intervention and a control area were selected. Results of the intervention, which consisted of training TBAs, midwives, and health center doctors, were positive inasmuch as there was an increase in referrals of breech presentation, prolonged labor and intrapartum fever in the intervention area. Pregnant women in general were also more often referred in the intervention area as compared to the control area. The same outcome was seen in referrals of neonates weighing under 2000 or more than 4000 g. At the district hospital level, a great number of procedures were left to general practitioners with quite satisfactory results. Conclusions drawn from our experience are that: (1) obstetric care must of necessity be delegated to TBAs, midwives, and general practitioners; (2) TBAs can be taught to recognize danger signs; (3) general practitioners are able to do such procedures as curettage, vacuum or forceps deliveries, and manual removal of placenta.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1995

Women's nutritional status, iron consumption and weight gain during pregnancy in relation to neonatal weight and length in West Java, Indonesia.

Pregnant and non-pregnant women in Indramayu, West Java were examined for nutritional status, using anthropometric indicators. For the pregnant women, longitudinal data on nutritional status, iron consumption and weight gain were examined in relation to neonatal weight and length. Comparing the non-pregnant women's average nutritional status with reference tables for height, weight and MUAC, they placed at the 25th percentile or less on all indicators. Using original formulae to estimate pre-pregnancy weight and pregnancy weight gain, the study showed that 18% of pregnant women had a pre-pregnancy weight of under 40 kg and the average pregnancy weight gain was under 9 kg. Comparing estimated pregnancy weight gain with the amount of weight gain needed to compensate for generally low pre-pregnancy weight, only about 9% of women gained adequately. In multiple regression models that controlled for other maternal and neonatal factors, iron consumption during pregnancy was a significant predictor of full-term (37 weeks or more) neonatal weight (P = 0.01) and length (P = 0.01). Consumption of one or more tablets (200 mg ferrous sulfate and 0.25 mg folic acid) per week by women during pregnancy was associated with increased neonatal weight (by 172 g on average) and length (by 1 cm on average). Adequate weight gain during pregnancy and maternal height also contributed to the specification of the neonatal weight model (P = 0.07 for both). In the neonatal length model, maternal height was also nearly significant (P = 0.03). The same models did not explain the variability in neonatal weight and length in the pre-term group (< 37 weeks gestation).

Adolescent↗