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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Effects of combined administration of L-tryptophan and tricyclic antidepressants on alpha 2- and beta-adrenoceptors and monoamine levels in rat brain.

In order to test whether co-administration of a serotonin precursor with antidepressant drugs could potentiate the effects of the antidepressants on monoamines or adrenoceptors in rat brain, L-tryptophan (20 mg/kg) was administered to rats daily for 7 or 15 days, either alone or in combination with desipramine (10 mg/kg) or amitriptyline (10 mg/kg). After treatment with L-tryptophan for 7 days, increases were observed in rat hypothalamic and frontal cortex 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid levels as well as in hypothalamic dopamine and nucleus accumbens 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid levels. After 15 days, hippocampal beta-adrenoceptor density was found to be decreased. There was no evidence of potentiation of desipramine or amitriptyline action when L-tryptophan was administered in combination with the antidepressants. On the contrary, the antidepressants appeared to interact with L-tryptophan to reduce its effects.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1975

Separation of pineal extracts by gelfiltration. II. Identification and isolation of two indoles from sheep pineal glands.

After separation of aqueous extracts of sheep pineal bodies and sheep cerebral cortex on Sephadex G-25, a high fluorescence peak showing an excitation maximum at 305 leads to 310 nm and a fluorescence maximum at 350 leads to 355 nm was observed in pineal extracts, which could not be detected in cerebral cortex extracts. Separation of this pineal fluorescence peak on Sephadix G-10 with water elution, followed by gradient elution of water and NaOH, gave rise to several highly fluorescent peaks. From one of these it was possible to isolate a substance with Rf-values, using thinlayer chromatographic, fluorescence and mass spectra studies, identical with synthetic 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid. From another peak a substance, idential with synthetic 5-methoxyindole-3-acetic acid, could be isolated. The results are compared with those obtained in previous studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Chronic lithium administration enhances serotonin release in the lateral hypothalamus but not in the hippocampus in rats. A microdialysis study.

Chronic administration of lithium displays therapeutic and prophylactic effects in bipolar affective disorders, but its mechanism of action remains unknown. Several studies in animals and humans strongly suggest that central serotonergic neurons might be involved in lithium effects. In the experiments reported here microdialysis with removable probes and high pressure liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection were used to assess the amphetamine-induced release of serotonin (5-HT) and the 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels in the perifornical hypothalamus (PFH) and hippocampus (HP) of freely moving rats before and after chronic lithium chloride administration (2 meq/kg, as intragastric daily injections for 14 days). The serum lithium levels were 0.66 +/- 0.08 meq/l. After lithium treatment, the amphetamine-induced 5-HT release was significantly enhanced in the PFH but not so in the HP. Basal levels of 5-HIAA in the control group decreased but remained unchanged in the lithium group in the PFH. No change of basal levels of 5-HIAA was observed in the HP. The effect of lithium on the PFH could be related to the improvement of the autonomic and cyclic symptoms of patients with manic depressive disorders undergoing lithium therapy.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1975

Manipulation of neurotransmitters by acupuncture (?) (A preliminary communication).

Varying reactions of the vegetative nerve system to various point combinations (for example: vomiting, dizziness, diarrhea, urge to urinate, fatigue or drowsiness, headache), especially to the needling of Tai Chong (Li 3), induced us to perform biochemical studies before and after acupuncture treatment. A group of children and a group of adults were studied. The material studied was urine and blood; from the children, urine only. The following were determined in the urine: indolacetic acid, 5-hydroxy-indol-3-acetic acid, homovanillic acid, and vanillic-mandelic acid; in the blood, tyrosine and tryptophan (free and bound). Individual points with wide influence (He Gu = LI 4; Zu San Li = St 36; Tai Chong = Li 3) and their combination with generally effective points were tested. The needling of Tai Chong especially showed a clear increase in indolamine metabolism. Isolated increases in metabolites of catecholamine metabolism could be correlated with the patient's increased physical activity after acupuncture. Noteworthy is the observation that no significant chemical reactions were evident if local reactions to the needling no longer appeared at the end of a series of acupuncture treatments.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1976

Serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine metabolites in transcendental meditation-technique.

The highly significant increase of 5-HIAA (5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid) in Transcendental Meditation technique suggests systemic serotonin as "rest and fulfillment hormone" of deactivation-relaxation. Furthermore 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine, serotonin) is considered to be the EC-cell (enterochromaffine-cell) hormone requested by Fujita and Kobayashi and its role for EEG synchronisation via area postrema chemoreceptor as anti arousal agent is being discussed. The significant decrease of the catecholamine metabolite VMA (vanillic-mandelic acid) in meditators, that is associated with a reciprocal increase of 5-HIAA supports as a feedback necessity the "rest and fulfillment response" versus "fight and flight". As the adreno medullary tissue serves for hormonal reinforcement of orthosympathetic activity, the Enterochromaffine Cell System (having taken the form of distinct organs in some species as octopus and discoglossus) is suggested to serve via serotonin for humoral reinforcement of parasympathetic activity in deep relaxation.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Concentrations of indoleamine metabolic intermediates in the ventricular cerebrospinal fluid of advanced Parkinson's patients with severe postural instability and gait disorders.

Postural instability and gait disorders (PIGD) are the primary causes of disability in many but not all advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. We have measured the concentrations of serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and homovanillic acid (HVA) in samples of ventricular cerebrospinal fluid from ten PD patients with severe disability from PIGD and from ten PD patients with tremor and levodopa induced dyskinesia as their predominant motor dysfunction. The two groups were prospectively matched for duration of disease and age. No significant differences between the two groups were found in the concentration (mean +/- SD in ng/ml, PIGD dominant vs. tremor-dyskinesia dominant) of 5-HIAA (106 +/- 50 vs. 99 +/- 34) or HVA (1,068 +/- 595 vs. 881 +/- 469). Serotonin concentration was significantly lower (0.7 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.9) and 5-HTP concentration was substantially higher (684 +/- 1,054 vs. 6 +/- 5) in the patient group with PIGD as their predominant symptoms. Thus, the distinguishing feature of patients with severe PIGD appears to be a derangement in indoleamine metabolism at the reaction step catalyzed by aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). These findings suggest that aggravation of PIGD in advanced Parkinson's may be related in part to impaired serotonergic transmission secondary to inhibition or down regulation of AADC.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1976

Pinwheel inclusions in morphogenesis: a possible alternative to induction by viruses.

Pinwheel inclusions (PWs) were found in cells of callus tissue derived from explants of secondary phloem parenchyma of carrot (Daucus carota) storage root and grown on a basal medium containing zeatin and indoleacetic acid or coconut milk, naphthalene acetic acid, or combinations of these. Preliminary attempts to demonstrate the presence of viruses in the callus tissue failed. The possibility that the tissles were infected by a low titer or unstable conventional virus or by a defective mutant has not been ruled out. However, two lines of evidence suggest that the PWs in these tissues may be a result of culture conditions and not of virus infection. First, no PWs or other cytoplasmic inclusions were found in cells of otherwise similar tissue cultured on basal medium alone, and multifibrillar bundles (MFBs) but not PWs were found when the tissues were cultured on a medium that stimulates differentiation and morphogenesis. Second, culture stimulated to differentiate and containing MFBs only were returned to the supplemented basal medium and subsequently found to contain both PWs and MFBs.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1976

[Tryptophan-load in progressive scleroderma (author's transl)].

This presentation describes effects of oral tryptophan loading (5.0 g DL) on tryptophan metabolism in healthy subjects (n = 10) and persons with progressive scleroderma. N1-methylnicotinamide (N1MN), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3 HAA), kynurine (KN), tryptamin (TA), xantheurenic acid (XA) were determinated. Alterations of tryptophan metabolism were evaluated by 24 h urinary excretions of the following metabolites: 5-hydroxy indolacetic acid (5 HAA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The pathological pathways were discussed, especially the way and influence of serotonine.

3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid↗
PubMed1980

Formation of indolyl-3-acetylaspartic acid in rats.

Indolyl-3-acetylaspartic acid (IAAsp) was detected in the urine of rats given indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA) i.p. It was ascertained that the conversion of IAA into IAAsp could be carried out not only in plants but also in animals.

Animals↗