Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “IDENTIFICATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Evaluation of a rapid polymerase chain reaction based identification technique for Vibrio cholerae isolates.

Rapid and accurate identification of waterborne pathogens, such as Vibrio cholerae, in drinking-water sources is important to enable effective resource management and public health protection. Phenotypic systems currently being used for the identification of Vibrio cholerae isolates are time-consuming and the need exists for the development of suitable molecular techniques that can offer both fast and reliable identification. During this study, isolates identified as Vibrio cholerae by means of two different biochemical test systems (API 20E and VITEK 32) were analysed with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to compare the reliability of the various identification systems. The selected PCR technique amplified a sequence within the outer membrane protein of Vibrio cholerae, a gene specific for V. cholerae. It was found that out of 243 isolates biochemically identified as V. cholerae with either the API or VITEK system, 21 isolates did not give a positive result with the PCR detection method. Sequencing the 16S rDNA of more than half of these isolates and comparison of the sequences with Internet databases indicated that most of the isolates belonged to the genus Aeromonas. The results indicated that the rapid PCR procedure was more accurate than the API or VITEK systems currently being used for the phenotypic identification of Vibrio cholerae isolates.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed2001

[Evaluation of a new chromogenic medium (Candida ID) for the isolation and presumptive identification of Candida albicans and other medically important yeasts].

Candidiasis is a frequent human infection caused mainly by Candida albicans. However, other species are emerging as important pathogens, as Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei or Candida guilliermondii. Rapid identification of clinical isolates could facilitate diagnosis and treatment. Candida ID (bioMerieux, Spain) is a new medium for the isolation and presumptive identification of yeasts: C. albicans grows as blue colonies, and C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, Candida kefyr and Candida lusitaniae as pink ones. The utility of Candida ID was evaluated with more than 700 clinical isolates and type culture collection strains from different genera including Candida, Cryptococcus, Saccharomyces, and Rhodotorula. Presumptive identification was confirmed by germ tube test, microscopic morphology and chlamydoconidia production on corn meal agar and carbohydrate assimilation on API-ATB ID 32C or Vitek (bioMerieux). Growth on Candida ID was rapid (18-24 h) for most of the yeast strains tested. Sensitivity and specificity of identification of C. albicans was significantly high (>98%), since a very low number of isolates were found to be false negative or false positive. A better result was obtained for species growing as pink colonies (>99.5%). Detection of different species of medical important yeasts was easy with Candida ID, as perfectly distinct colors and textures of colonies were observed on this medium. Candida ID allowed the discrimination between C. glabrata (creamy and smooth) and C. krusei (rough and white) colonies. Other species showed different colony textures and colours, white being the predominant colour. Candida ID was very useful for the presumptive identification C. albicans isolates.

English Abstract↗
PubMed2005

DNA assays for detection, identification, and individualization of select agent microorganisms.

The purpose of this article is to review the status of DNA assays used for the detection, identification, and individualization of Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Francisella tularensis, Burkholderia mallei, and Brucella abortus. These select agent microorganisms are historically significant as they have either been used or experimented with as a bioweapon or as a terrorist agent and are the subject of intense research in the areas of biodefense and bioforensics. If the presence of a biological agent is suspected, sensitive and specific assays for rapid detection and identification are necessary. However, DNA methods for identification of the sample may also be applied in order to individualize the strain and potentially determine the source of the microorganism. Methods used at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) for select agent microbial DNA analyses include DNA extraction, DNA quantitation, real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) of genetic targets unique to the select agent microorganism, microbial 16S ribosomal RNA gene DNA sequencing, amplified fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (AFLP-PCR), and more recently, repetitive element polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR) DNA fingerprinting. The methodologies of 16S ribosomal RNA gene DNA sequencing and DNA fingerprinting of microorganisms are well established within the field of diagnostic microbiology for DNA identification purposes, as well as DNA typing for epidemiological and genetic relatedness studies. 16S ribosomal RNA gene DNA sequencing and AFLP DNA fingerprinting have been validated at the Armed Force Institute of Pathology (AFIP) laboratory for identification purposes and can be used as a possible strain typing tool for Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Francisella tularensis, as well as Brucella and Burkholderia species. The continued development and implementation of new DNA based methods with increased sensitivity and defined specificity will be particularly useful for the detection of residual microbial DNA signature in situations where the microorganism has been rendered nonviable by decontamination procedures or not able to be cultured on microbiological media.

Biological Warfare↗
PubMed2005

Twelve-year experience in identification of skeletal remains from mass graves.

AIM: To present twelve-year (1993-2005) experience in identification of human remains found in mass graves in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH), as well as remains that presumably belonged to Croatian citizens given by Serbia and Montenegro. The unique experience of identification of more than a thousand of skeletal samples is valuable for better organization of post-mortem identifications. METHODS: Standard forensic methods and methods based on DNA analysis were used for identification of human remains from mass graves. DNA was isolated using standard phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol extraction. In some cases, decalcification and repurification were used prior to the extraction to overcome inhibition of amplification process. Different DNA systems were used for DNA quantitation and amplification (AluQuant, short tandem repeats (STR) commercial systems, Y chromosome STRs, and mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA]). Typing of PCR products was performed on AmpliType PM and AmpliType DQA1 DNA probe strips, ABI PRISM(R) 310 Genetic Analyzer and immobilized sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) probes. RESULTS: Up-to-date analysis of 1,155 skeletal samples resulted in 703 positively identified bodies: 577 using standard forensic methods, 109 by DNA typing, and 17 by combination of these two methods. The majority of identifications from 1993 to 1999 was, as usual, achieved by standard forensic methods. Later on, these methods were not sufficient and DNA analysis was requested. It was performed in 42% of all cases in 12 years. The crucial step in DNA analysis is extraction of genomic DNA. Standard phenol/chloroform/isoamyl alcohol extraction, complemented with other methods and modifications, proved as the most successful method for this step. In certain cases, the quality and/or quantity of nDNA was not satisfying and the analysis of the mtDNA was performed. CONCLUSION: Our experience demonstrated that the advent of forensic DNA analysis methods greatly increased our ability to positively identify previously unknown skeletal remains by a comparative genetic analysis with presumptive relatives.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A comparison of X-ray diffraction analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance from the data on the identification of alpha-helices and beta-strands in the same proteins].

The methods of X-ray diffraction analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were compared using the data on the identification of alpha-helices and beta-strands of the same proteins. The goal of the study was to determine whether these identifications can be considered as equivalent in the structural classification of proteins and in the solution of other problems. The identifications obtained by the method of Kabsch and Sander for 56% specially chosen water-soluble proteins were chosen. It was found that the identification of alpha-helices and beta-strands are almost equivalent if used for the structural classification of the proteins. In the analysis of the conformational properties of amino acid residues or their combinations, it is reasonable to use the identifications of alpha-helices and beta-strands, obtained only from the data of X-ray diffraction analysis. An additional outcome of the study is a unique collection of pairs of protein structures obtained by the methods of X-ray diffraction analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the same proteins.

Crystallography, X-Ray↗
PubMed2005

[Study on the identification of HIV/AIDS and its surveillance system in rural areas of central China].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effective strategies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) surveillance and identification in rural areas of central China. METHODS: In a selected rural prefecture area of central China, an epidemiological investigation was conducted for all reported HIV/AIDS cases. A historical and analytic review was performed, with particular interests in examining the HIV epidemic reporting and identification system. RESULTS: Among all 626 reported HIV-infected individuals in the selected prefecture, 86.1% (539/626) of them were infected through commercial plasma donation or clinically operated blood transfusion. With respect to disease surveillance and identification in the area, 52.2% (327/626) of all the cases were reported by hospitals or clinics. The number and proportion of HIV/AIDS cases identified or reported at county, prefecture, and provincial levels were 207 (33.1%), 303 (48.4%) and 116 (18.5%), respectively. The number and proportion of HIV/AIDS identified through specific epidemiological investigations and/or voluntary testing had been increased in recent years. In addition, among HIV/AIDS cases that were clinically identified, the proportion of those who were identified as outpatients had steadily increased,with the highest proportion (59.3%) observed in 2004. CONCLUSIONS: In rural areas of central China where the major mode of HIV transmission was through commercial plasma donation or clinically operated blood transfusion, hospitals and clinics seemed to have played and would continue to play important roles regarding HIV identification and surveillance. The role of institutions or settings at the prefecture level regarding HIV identification and surveillance should not be ignored.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2006

[Projective identification in human relations].

Melanie Klein, one of the pioneers of Object Relations Theory, first defined "projective identification", which is regarded as one of the most efficacious psychoanalytic concepts after the discovery of the "unconscious". Examination of the literature on "projective identification" shows that there are various perspectives and theories suggesting different uses of this concept. Some clinicians argue that projective identification is a primitive defense mechanism observed in severe psychopathologies like psychotic disorder and borderline personality disorder, where the intra-psychic structure has been damaged severely. Others suggest it to be an indispensable part of the transference and counter-transference between the therapist and the patient during psychotherapy and it can be used as a treatment material in the therapy by a skillful therapist. The latter group expands the use of the concept through normal daily relationships by stating that projective identification is one type of communication and part of the main human relation mechanism operating in all close relationships. Therefore, they suggest that projective identification has benign forms experienced in human relations as well as malign forms seen in psychopathologies. Thus, discussions about the definition of the concept appear complex. In order to clarify and overcome the complexity of the concept, Melanie Klein's and other most important subsequent approaches are discussed in this review article. Thereby, the article aims to explain its important function in understanding the psychopathologies, psychotherapeutic relationships and different areas of normal human relations.

Communication↗
PubMed2006

Accuracy of caregiver identification of developmental delays among young children involved with child welfare.

Underidentification of developmental delays among young children involved with child welfare/child protective services (CW) is problematic. Caregivers of young children involved with CW may help increase identification of young children with developmental delays, but the accuracy of caregiver identification in this population and whether this varies by caregiver type is not known. This study uses data from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being to determine if (1) caregivers of young children involved with CW accurately identify children with developmental delays and (2) foster caregivers are better able to identify developmental delays compared with other caregivers. Close to half the children had a delay in language, cognitive, and/or adaptive behavior (45%). Overall sensitivity for caregiver identification was 35% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 29%, 41%); specificity was 84% (95% CI: 80%, 87%). After controlling for certain child and caregiver characteristics, in-home caregivers had 0.15 times the odds of identifying a child with a developmental delay compared with foster caregivers (95% CI 0.1, 0.4). Results suggest that caregiver identification of developmental delays is specific but not sensitive, and that foster caregivers were more likely to identify a child with a developmental delay compared with in-home caregivers. Policy implications include improving educational programs regarding child development and developmental services for foster, kinship, as well as in-home caregivers in the hopes of increasing sensitivity of caregiver identification of developmental delays for the population of young children involved with CW.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

[Application of the molecular test PCR multiplex for identification of Mycobacterium bovis BCG strains].

In our last paper (18) we described the problem of proper microbiological identification of BCG strains and how important is distinguishing vaccine strain from virulent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. We have suggested the modern algorithm of BCG strains identification including mycolic acids profile by HPLC and 14C PZA resistance methods. These methods allowed us to made fast and accurate microbiological identification of side effects of BCG vaccine in the children. Identification of BCG by HPLC is possible within one working day compared with 3-4 weeks required for conventional methods. However both methods need very expensive instruments like HPLC and/or Bactec-460 Tb radiometric system. Presently we have evaluated molecular test based on the analyzis of the region RD1 encoding a 9.5-kb fragment. This fragment is deleted in all BCG substrains (6) and present in all human and bovine virulent strains. To evaluate this method for the rapid and specific detection of BCG, a large strain collection (32 strains) representating M. bovis BCG (vaccine strains and strains isolated from the children in case of adverse reactions after vaccination) M. bovis and M. tuberculosis from own collection was analyzed. RD1 was present in all 15 M. tuberculosis and M. bovis tested strains and deleted in 17 of 18 BCG strains. The multiplex PCR method was 100% sensitive and specific for the identification of BCG among strains of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Multiplex PCR can be used as a diagnostic test and has significant advantages over existing methods.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Value of the intraoperative neuromonitoring in surgery for thyroid cancer in identification and prognosis of function of the recurrent laryngeal nerves].

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was both, to evaluate the usefulness of the method of neuromonitoring in intraoperative identification of the RLN and to estimate its value in the prognosis of postoperative RLN function in patients operated for TC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Among 109 patients undergoing surgery for TC between 12/2004 and 12/2005 the neuromonitoring method was used in 69 (63.3%) individuals (including 5 operations of completion total thyroidectomy). A Neurosign 100 equipment with laryngeal electrodes was employed in identification and assessment of total number of 134 RLN. Intraoperative results were compared to the postoperative results of the ENT-specialist examination of vocal cords mobility in indirect laryngoscopy, in each patient. RESULTS: Transient vs. permanent, unilateral RLN palsy was noted in 3 vs. 2 patients (2.2% vs. 1.4% of nerves at risk). The method of neuromonitoring facilitated identification of 123 (91.8%) RLN being not helpful in 11 (8.2%) cases. However, neuromonitoring was helpful in identification of the RLN, the value of the method in prognosis of posteoperative function of the RLN was limited. Results of indirect neurostimulation were more accurate than direct neurostimulation and were more accurate in prognosis of late rather than early RLN function after surgery (sensitivity 98.3%; specificity 100%; positive predictive value 100%; negative predictive value 50%, accuracy 98.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Application of intraoperative neuromonitoring facilitates identification of the RLN during surgery for TC. However, the method is of limited value in prognosis of postoperative RLN dysfunction in cases of missing signal after nerve stimulation.

False Negative Reactions↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of anaerobic nonsporeforming gram-positive bacilli by biochemical tests and gas-liquid chromatography.

There are many methods to identify anaerobic nonsporeforming bacilli: histological, bacteriological (biochemical test, microsystem API 20 A), serological, cell wall composition analysis, molecular methods and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). A comparison between biochemical tests and gas-liquid chromatography was made in this study for the identification of this group of microorganisms. GLC conditions were established with the aid of reference strains. These conditions were then applied to ten strains which were previously identified by biochemical tests. Strains were grown in PYG broth and fermentation end products were analyzed, volatile and non volatile fatty acids. Their qualitative determination was made by comparing the retention time of known standards and the chromatographic pattern of reference strains. In addition, a semiquantitative analysis was made. The results of identification by biochemical tests were: five strains belonged to Actinomyces genus; three were Propionibacterium acnes; one Propionibacterium granulosum and one P. propionicum. By the GLC only seven strains were identified: four were Actinomyces and three P. acnes. Only six strains showed identification correlation by both biochemical tests and GLC. GLC is a presumptive identification method that can be used along with other complementary tests for a definitive identification at genus level.

Acids↗
PubMed2006

An SVM scorer for more sensitive and reliable peptide identification via tandem mass spectrometry.

Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has become increasingly important and indispensable in high-throughput proteomics for identifying complex protein mixtures. Database searching is the standard method to accomplish this purpose. A key sub-routine, peptide identification, is used to generate a list of candidate peptides from a protein database according to an experimental MS/MS spectrum, and then validate these candidate peptides for protein identification. Although currently there are many algorithms for peptide identification, most of them either lack an effective validation module or only validate the first-ranked peptide, thus leading to a low identification reliability or sensitivity. This paper proposes a new algorithm, named pepReap, to overcome the above drawbacks. It consists of a two-layered scoring scheme based on machine learning. The first layer is a rough scoring function which uses some simple and heuristic factors to measure the degree of the matches between an experimental MS/MS spectrum and the candidate peptides; thus a ranked list of candidate peptides is generated at a relatively low computational cost. The second layer is a fine scoring function which re-ranks the candidate peptides generated in the first layer and determines which one among them is the true positive. The fine scoring function was designed based on support vector machines (SVMs) using more comprehensive factors, such as the correlations between ions, the mass matching errors of fragment and peptide ions, etc. Consequently, the SVM classifier serves as not only a scorer but also a validation module. Experimental comparison with the popular SEQUEST algorithm coupled with threshold validation criteria on a reported dataset demonstrates that the pepReap algorithm achieves higher performance in terms of identification sensitivity with comparable precision.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1991

Influence of color on odor identification and liking ratings.

The effects of color on odor identification were tested under color appropriate, inappropriate, and blindfolded conditions. Subjects made fewer errors in identifying solutions that were colored appropriately (e.g., red-cherry) than in either the blindfolded condition, where there were no color cues, or the inappropriate color condition (e.g., red-lemon). Identification accuracy was greatest for typical odor-color combinations (e.g., red-cherry) compared with appropriate but nontypical odor-color combinations (e.g., red-watermelon). Response latencies were fastest for odors in the appropriately colored solutions. Subjects also rated appropriate color-odor combinations as most pleasant. However, this effect is probably due to the increase in identification accuracy of the appropriately colored solutions. In all three conditions, correctly identified odors were liked more than odors that were not correctly identified. Thus, color is an important perceptual variable in odor identification because it biases subjects toward a color category that facilitates identification if the color is "correct". This ability to identify an odor in turn influences the affective response to the odor.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A study on identification of atypical and R phase strains of Brucella].

This paper reports a comprehensive study on taxonomy of Brucella. In which 17 atypical and R phase strains were identified by using the routine methods, 6 groups of phages and oxidative metabolic tests. 4 McAb of Brucella were developed and applied for identification. Meanwhile OMP profiles of S phase of B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis were compared during identification of them. The results show that a comprehensive identification with routine methods, phage-typing and oxidative metabolic tests are able to determine these strains if they are species or biotypes. Several strains of Brucella McAb and OMP profiles of Brucella were firstly applied for identification of atypical and R strains, and provided some possibility in the application of identification of Brucella by using these two methods.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Permanent identification team of the central criminal police bureau and its requirements for dentists].

The Norwegian Department of Justice has by Order in Council in 1975 established an identification team under the jurisdiction of the Central Criminal Police Bureau. The team has four members: two police officers, one expert in forensic medicin and one in forensic dentistry. Deputy members of the team are also appointed and those for forensic medicine and forensic dentistry are residents of the three largest cities of Norway, viz. Oslo, Bergen and Trondheim. The responsibility of the team is to identify victims of mass disasters, and to assist in other difficult identifications both in Norway and in foreign countries when Norwegian interests are involved. Each member of the team shall sign the identification report and will thus have a veto in uncertain cases. Consquently the dentist in the team must also evaluate the entire material in each case. For identification purposes, the dentists are urged to comply with some requirements as to dental charts, radiographs and treatment. Each patient must have a clear and readable dental chart containing his name, address and date of birth. Dental characteristics should be noted. Radiographic status should be made of the teeth of regular patients and of special teeth when extensive treatment is required. The radiograms must be kept in file and identified by the name of the patient and the date of exposure. Patients wearing dental prosthesis should be offered denture marking, and the dentures should be recorded in detail on the chart. For flying personell radiographic status is regarded mandatory, and recording of all resotrations are recommended. The aviation company should be informed of the name of the dentists of their crew. Wehn a dentist is asked for assistance in an identification case, the original dental chart, all radiograms models etc. are requested to be delivered. Additions or explantations may also be valuable.

Dental Records↗
PubMed1986

[The medicolegal identification of victims of major disasters].

The medical identification of victims of major catastrophes is based upon a strict methodological approach at the actual site of the catastrophe when victims are found and in mortuaries. In the majority of cases, police identification can be pronounced. It is only in much more difficult cases where there are calcination or putrefaction processes that medicolegal identification is requested. This identification is based upon the results of medicolegal autopsy itself and on examination of the dental system which remains of capital importance. In the absence of data which can be used to compare the dental system of the victim with this of missing it is possible using single teeth to assess dental age and determine blood group, thereby providing the legal authorities with a group of additional arguments which can be used for presumptive identification.

Age Determination by Teeth↗
PubMed1986

Electrical fascicle identification as an adjunct to nerve repair.

In view of the tragic consequences of median nerve and/or ulnar nerve paralysis and the biologic problems inherent in nerve healing, it seems logical that the surgeon should make a serious effort to control those problems that lie within his or her power: to identify and align those principal sensory and motor pathways in the severed nerve ends. I find that this is feasible. For over 15 years, I have used the electrical fascicle identification method, repairing 49 major upper extremity nerves. (A single radial nerve case was lost to follow-up.) As with any new technique, problems have been identified: incomplete information and confusing information, both of which require careful interpretation and some knowledge of internal nerve topography. Other problems have included the occasional patient who awakens on the operating table, confused and apprehensive, requiring some patience by surgeon and anesthetist. Perhaps this latter group should be done under Bier block intravenous anesthesia, if they can be identified beforehand. I believe that the electrical fascicle identification technique is sufficiently useful that I do not like to repair a major nerve without it. When distal stump motor identification is not feasible because of time delay or other reason, then anatomic dissection is used to locate the motor fascicle (and also digital nerve sensory fascicles, if necessary). My results have been significantly better than in the era of standard epineurial nerve repair. The median nerve is not only the most important nerve in the upper extremity, but also the most elusive in which to restore intrinsic motor recovery. Yet, today, I am able to restore opponens-abductor motor function in more than 90 per cent of median nerve lacerations repaired using electrical fascicle identification. Ulnar nerve loss, with its profound motor weakness, is almost as devastating. The modest number of ulnar nerves repaired by electrical fascicle identification in this present study (20 cases) suggests that low-level injuries recover more rapidly (1 to 2 years) than did the standard epineurial sutures and also that two relatively high-level injuries near the elbow have shown surprisingly good intrinsic motor recovery--something that epineurial suture did not accomplish.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The use of medical and dental radiographs in identification.

Following mass disasters and individual deaths, dentists with special training and experience in forensic odontology are frequently called upon to assist in the identification of badly mutilated or decomposed bodies. Teeth and dental restorations are resistant to destruction by fire and the elements and are, therefore, useful in identification. The forensic odontologist makes use of dental radiographs taken of the victim before death. These are compared to dental data from the remains to assist in making the identification. Many features of the teeth and numerous characteristics of dental treatment are quite unique. This permits accurate and legally acceptable identification of the remains. The cases described illustrate the procedures and techniques of identification using ante-mortem and post-mortem radiographs.

Adult↗