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PubMedDate not supplied

Glucocorticoids in clinical oncology.

Glucocorticoids have been used in clinical oncology for more than three decades. Their anti-inflammatory action plays a major role in their clinical applications in oncology. The incidence and severity of side effects depend on the total dose and the duration of therapy, but optimal dosages for these drugs have not been determined. Little is known about other risk factors for toxicity. Prednisone and dexamethasone, the two most commonly used drugs, are well absorbed orally and share quantitatively similar pharmacokinetic values. No definite relationship is known between the glucocorticoid blood level (total and unbound concentration) and therapeutic effect. Glucocorticoids play a major role in the treatment of lymphoproliferative disorders and breast cancer, and they often succeed in palliating common symptoms in advanced cancer.

Candidiasis↗
PubMed1976

Pericardial heart disease: a study of its causes, consequences, and morphologic features.

This report reviews morphologic aspects of pericardial heart disease. A morphologic classification for this condition is presented. An ideal classification of pericardial heart disease obviously would take into account clinical, etiologic and morphologic features of this condition but a single classification combining these three components is lacking. Pericardial heart disease is relatively uncommon clinically, and when present at necropsy it usually had not been recognized during life. The term "pericarditis" is inaccurate because most pericardial diseases are noninflammatory in nature. Morphologically chronic pericardial heart disease may present clinically as an acute illness. Even when clinical symptoms are present, however, few patients develop evidence of cardiac dysfunction (constriction). When pericardial constriction occurs, it is the result of increased pericardial fluid or increased pericardial tissue or both. Increased fluid is treated by drainage; increased tissue is treated by excision. In most patients with chronic constrictive pericarditis the etiology is not apparent even after histologic examination of pericardia.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Glossary of terms and concepts used in scientific evidence based cardiology. Part I: diagnosis, therapy, iatrogenesis, generalities].

The papers published by the Revista about Evidence-Based Cardiology (EBC) have, so far, discussed general aspects of the theory as well as practice of EBC, using simple terms. We need a detailed description of the general, as well as specific, concepts applicable to EBC, in order to understand this methodology better and to facilitate the reading. In this first article we present a glossary of terms applicable to general aspects of the methodology, including terms found in papers about diagnosis, treatment, risk/harm, etc. A second paper, to be published in the next issue of the Revista, will present concepts regarding clinical trials (types, methodology, etc.) and systematic reviews.

Cardiology↗
PubMed1975

Epidemiological study of an "hand-foot-and-mouth disease" outbreak observed in Rome in the fall of 1973.

An outbreak of "hand-foot-and-mouth disease" (HFMD) occurred in Nov. 1973 in a nursery school. Sixty-seven children were studied, 15 of whom presented clinical signs of the disease. Sixty-two percent of the HFMD cases and 18% of asymptomatics were proved to be infected with Coxsackie virus A 16. The ratio of clinical to asymptomatic infection of nursery-school children with confirmed Coxsackie A 16 infection was 58%. The accidental diffusion of the infection led to the occurrence of secondary cases. This allowed to establish the incubation period of the illness at 8 to 12 days, for 3 individual cases where a single infecting contact in a very definite time could be documented. Fecal excretion of virus was demonstrable in 2 cases up to 10-20 days, while the duration of oral excretion appeared to be somewhat shorter. Evidence was also obtained showing that infectious virus could be spread by patients during the incubation period. Virus isolations were more easily obtained in suckling mice than in cell culture.

Adult↗