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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Thermal responses in the body during snowmobile driving.

Thermal responses were examined in 12 healthy men during snowmobile driving (tests for 1 1/2-2 1/2 hours) in mild winter conditions. Ambient temperature ranged from -1 to -13 degrees C and average wind chill index from 1,050 to 1,520 kcal*m2/h. The subjects (23-49 years old) wore their ordinary winter clothing (insulation 1.7 - 2.4 clo). Work rate during the driving was 280-350 W. Rectal temperature increased slightly during driving, and mean skin temperature decreased quickly and fluctuated afterwards at a level 2-3 degrees C lower. Mean body temperature decreased by 1.2 degrees C in the most extreme case. Local cooling on the face and on the peripheral area of the extremities was considered the most serious problem: those temperatures were often below the limit of performance degradation and indicated occasionally the risk of frostbite. The winter conditions were mild in the present study, and on colder days cooling problems will be more severe, as the high incidence of frost injuries reported earlier indicates.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Assessment of cold stress in outdoor work.

The evaluation of cold stress in working life was done in 13, mainly outdoor, occupations and 143 workers using local temperatures, body cooling and thermal sensations. The subjects in the study were young, healthy men and they wore the type of winter clothing generally used in those ambient temperatures (+6...-29 degrees C), for in a work load of from 112 to 480 W. Local temperatures on finger skin indicated that manual dexterity was often reduced in outdoor work. A risk of frostbite was frequently found on the cheek and the wind chill index predicted the risk quite well. Body cooling was often temporarily too high when measured by heat debt and mean skin temperature. Thermal sensations were cool or cold occasionally in 28% of the workers interviewed. The insulation of clothing worn was often lower than the IREQmin-value recommends. The results showed that in outdoor work in winter time cold stress frequently reduced (70%) working ability at least for a short period. Mean skin temperature seems to be, in practice, a useful indicator for body cooling and the IREQmin-value was suitable, especially in light work, to indicate body cooling. A very sensitive factor for the expression of cold stress was finger temperature, at least as an indicator of finger dexterity. Due to the adverse health effects found the cold stress should also be evaluated more systematically in occupational health and safety with health examinations, with protective clothing and technical preventive means.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Unusual and iatrogenic sources of tetanus.

In order to successfully treat tetanus one has to be aware of its causes. Therefore, sources of tetanus were examined in a series of 106 patients with tetanus diagnosed in Finland during the period 1969-1985. The primary injuries which were identified in 100 (94.3%) of them included puncture wound, minor injury, excoriation, animal bite, cut wound, open fracture, burn, undefined wound and other sources. The latter group included nine patients in two of whom tetanus was caused by an operation on a closed injury and in one patient by a decubitus ulcer during hospital care. Six patients had an unusual source of tetanus: frostbite, poor teeth, ulceration in the gum under a denture, infected molluscum contagiosum, a scratched atheroma cutis and an infected granuloma pyogenicum. Two of these nine patients died; the mortality in the whole series was 12 patients (11.3%). It is important to be aware of even the rare sources of tetanus, as the rarity or absence of a primary injury may delay the diagnosis and treatment of tetanus and worsen the prognosis of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[General principles of medical care of the diabetic foot].

In diabetic patients the foot is the focal point of neurologic, arterial and infectious complications. Affections of the foot are generally synonymous with a diabetic trophic disorder: the risk of gangrene is 17 times greater in diabetics than in non diabetics. Trophic disorders can affect the functional prognosis when they lead to amputation with subsequent altered weight bearing. They can provoke worsening of a subjacent arteriopathy, until then partially or totally asymptomatic, when the excision wound lacks the hemodynamic capacity for healing because of the associated arteriopathy. They can also induce local, regional (cellulitis) or even general (septicemia) infectious complications. They have a major socio-economic effect, by the loss of quality of life, the inability to work, and the cost of hospital and general care they engender. Finally, they have to be experienced by the patient and the treating team as a failure since, in the majority of cases, they imply an insufficient a priori knowledge of the predisposing factors: arteriopathy of legs and neuropathy with loss of sensitivity depriving the patient of the pain alarm signal if cutaneous lesions develop, and a delay in the recognition of triggering factors represented by microtrauma caused by shoes, particularly burns, frostbite or infections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1996

[Successful resuscitation of a hypothermic patient with extracorporeal circulation--a case report].

A case of cardiopulmonary arrest due to accidental hypothermia and its successful therapy is described. A 46-year-old man with deep accidental hypothermia (25.3 degrees C esophageal) was found outside showing respiratory and cardiac arrest. Resuscitation was immediately started and continuously performed during the transport to the University Hospital of Rostock, where a treatment with extracorporeal circulation was possible. After cardiopulmonary resuscitation for 120 minutes, the patient could finally be connected to the extracorporeal circulation. Over a period of 130 minutes the patient could be rewarmed up to a body temperature of 36.0 degrees C. The following therapy was complicated by the development of an alcoholic delirium, which was treated by clomethiazol, droperidol and clonidin infusion. After seven days of intensive therapy, he recovered completely and could be transferred from the intensive care unit to the department of psychiatry without neurological deficits showing only healing of frostbite of the feet. Based on this case report, the use of extracorporeal circulation for adequate rewarming in combination with cardiopulmonary resuscitation is described. Compared to other therapeutic measures such as peritoneal dialysis or veno-venous haemofiltration treatment with extracorporeal circulation is the method of choice.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗
PubMed1997

[Acute high altitude sickness--medical experiences from Mount Everest during the spring season 1996].

In April-May 1996 a Norwegian expedition climbed Mount Everest from the Tibetan side, Eight out of the ten members reached the summit. The expedition did not experience any serious incidents but took part in the rescue and treatment of climbers from other expeditions. Eleven cases are reported. Four of these were fatal. Cerebral oedema and frostbite were the most common problems in addition to hypothermia and exhaustion. The author also discusses acute mountain sickness, including clinical features, treatment and prophylaxis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

[Prospects of use human fetal fibroblasts in the treatment of various etiology wounds].

The investigations have demonstrated a high efficiency of the certified human fetal lung fibroblasts in the treatment of skin wounds of various etiology. For treatment, a fibroblast monolayer grown on a backing was applied to various types of wounds (burns frostbites, donor site suppurations) and in shin phlegmon. There was wound debrediment and rapid skin recovery. Employing the cells from the certified cell culture banks provides not only a biologically and genetic uniform material, but also makes it possible to standardize treatments which are useful for wide medical application, by delivering the standard cells to medical institutions which have no experience in culturing. To set up banks of cell cultures and to store them for a long time at a temperature of liquid nitrogen in adequate quantities of ampoules allow the cultured fibroblasts to be provided with if a large quantity of cells is required, which may be useful in emergencies.

Cell Division↗