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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Flush mounted hot film anemometer measurement of wall shear stress distal to a tri-leaflet valve for Newtonian and non-Newtonian blood analog fluids.

Wall shear stress has been measured by flush-mounted hot film anemometry distal to an Ionescu-Shiley tri-leaflet valve under pulsatile flow conditions. Both Newtonian (aqueous glycerol) and non-Newtonian (aqueous polyacrylamide) blood analog fluids were investigated. Significant differences in the axial distribution of wall shear stress between the two fluids are apparent in flows having nearly identical Reynolds numbers. The Newtonian fluid exhibits a (peak) wall shear rate which is maximized near the valve seat (30 mm) and then decays to a fully developed flow value (by 106 mm). In contrast, the shear rate of the non-Newtonian fluid at 30 mm is less than half that of the Newtonian fluid and at 106 mm is more than twice that of the Newtonian fluid. It is suggested that non-Newtonian rheology influences valve flow patterns either through alterations in valve opening associated with low shear separation zones behind valve leaflets, or because of variations in the rate of jet spreading. More detailed studies are required to clarify the mechanisms. The Newtonian wall shear stresses for this valve are low. The highest value observed anywhere in the aortic chamber was 2.85 N/m2 at a peak Reynolds number of 3694.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMed1979

Low-dosage clonidine (Dixarit) in menopausal flushing.

Results of an open evaluation of the therapy with low-dosage clonidine (Dixarit) in a series of 20 patients with symptoms of menopausal flushing are presented. Twelve of the 17 patients who completed the 12-week trial noted an improvement in their condition: this improvement was marked in eight patients. The greatest improvement was noted in the perimenopausal group of women whose dosage requirement was 25 microgram three times a day. Postmenopausal women tended to be more refractory to the therapy and required larger dosages for the relief of symptoms.

Climacteric↗
PubMed1978

Autonomic epilepsy: clonidine blockade of paroxysmal catecholamine release and flushing.

We studied a 59-year-old man with transient paroxysms of hypertension, tachycardia, and flushing in whom pheochromocytoma was excluded. Although catecholamine excretion was normal, plasma catecholamine levels rose from normal basal levels (282 +/- 14 pg/ml) to increased levels (585 +/- 67 pg/ml; x +/- SEM; n = 4) at the peak of spells. Other hormones or substrates expected to rise with nonspecific "stress" did not increase after paroxysms. Therapy with clonidine (0.2 to 0.4 mg/day) suppressed basal catecholamines to undetectable levels and markedly reduced peak levels during spells (80 pg/ml). An epileptic pathogenesis was suggested by stereotypic olfactory and epigastric prodromata before spells, and abolition of paroxysms with the anticonvulsant carbamazepine. This patient represents a rare case of autonomic epilepsy with the seizure focus in the temporal lobe.

Autonomic Nervous System↗
PubMed1975

Clonidine in menopausal flushing: a double-blind trial.

Twelve hypertensive women were treated with low doses of the antihypertensive drug clonidine for their menopausal flushing in a double-blind trial. There was a high degree of placebo effect but clonidine at a daily dose of 150mug was more effective than placebo.

Climacteric↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of continuous infusion and intermittent flushing methods in peripheral intravenous catheters in neonates.

The purpose of this study was to compare two methods of maintaining peripheral intravenous devices in neonates: continuous infusion (CI) and intermittent flushing (IF). There was no significant difference in the mean duration of patency between the two groups, but there was a significant difference with respect to reasons for removal or loss of patency. The main reason for removal in the CI group was infiltration or phlebitis, and in the IF group the reason was occlusion.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed2002

Managing sewer solids for the reduction of foul flush effects--Forfar WTP.

In times of high sewer flow, conditions can exist which enable previously deposited material to be re-entrained back into the body of the flow column. Pulses of this highly polluted flow have been recorded in many instances at the recently constructed wastewater treatment plant (WTP) in Forfar, Scotland. Investigations have been undertaken to characterise the incoming flows and to suggest remedial measures to manage the quality fluctuations. Initial visits to the works and incoming pipes indicated a high degree of sediment deposition in the two inlet pipes. Analyses were carried out and consequently, changes to the hydraulic regime were made. Measurements of sediment level, sediment quality, wall slime and bulk water quality were monitored in the period following the remedial works to observe any improvements. Dramatic alterations in each of the determinands measured were recorded. Analyses were then undertaken to determine long term sediment behaviour and to assess the future usefulness of existing upstream sediment traps. It was concluded that with proper maintenance of the traps, the new hydraulic regime is sufficient to prevent further significant build up of sediment deposits and reduce impacts on the WTP. Further investigations made by North of Scotland Water Authority highlighted trade inputs to the system which may also have contributed to the now managed foul flush problem.

Facility Design and Construction↗
PubMed2002

The impact of sea water flushing on biological nitrification-denitrification activated sludge sewage treatment process.

The process performance of the two largest activated sludge processes in Hong Kong, the Sha Tin and the Tai Po Sewage Treatment Works (STW), deteriorated in the initial period after the introduction of seawater flushing in 1995 and 1996, respectively. High effluent ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) and total suspended solids (TSS) in excess of the discharge standards resulted from incomplete nitrification and changes in floc characteristics. A desktop study on the inhibitory effects of salinity, particularly on nitrification, was subsequently conducted using the Tai Po STW operating data. To assist the upgrade of the Sha Tin STW a five-month extensive bench-scale investigation on a simple but flexible modified Ludzack-Ettinger configuration with bio-selector was conducted to quantify the inhibitory effects due to the saline concentration. The Sha Tin STW upgrade consists of restoration of its original design capacity (conventional process) of 205,000 m3/day from its currently much reduced capacity as a Bardenpho process. Only the volume of the existing biological process and clarifier is to be utilized. The saline concentration ranges from 3,500 up to 6,500 mg Cl-/L, both daily and seasonally. High and greatly fluctuating saline concentrations have been known to inhibit nitrification. Design consideration should also be given to the peak daily and seasonal TKN loading of up to three times the average. Although the nitrifiers maximum specific growth rate was significantly reduced to a low 0.25 day(-1), the inhibition was considered to be tolerable with effluent NH4-N and NO3-N consistently at < 1 and < 6 mg/L. The bio-selector was demonstrated to be efficient in control of sludge foaming and bulking with SVI consistently < or = 125 mL/g. Results from the IAWO Model No. 1 and the hydraulic model of the secondary clarifiers allowed overall process capacity maximization. With an anoxic mass fraction of 25-30%, operating sludge age of 9-14 days and SVI < or = 125 mL/g, both the design requirements and the effluent discharge standards could be met. Without these investigations, an unnecessarily large reaction basin and secondary clarifier volume, and hence capital investment, would have resulted.

Ammonia↗
PubMed2002

Gas chromatographic analysis of aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline by column switching-back flushing technique and normalization method.

A simple and efficient method based on the technique of capillary column switching-back flushing was developed for the detailed analysis of aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline. The early eluting components from a pre-column and the components of interest eluting from an analytical column are all directed to a flame ionization detector through a tee piece, which facilitates the quantitation of aromatic hydrocarbons in gasoline by normalization method. Real samples were analyzed and RSD < or = 3%. The operation is simple and easy, and the switching time window is +/- 5 s.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Sewer sediment management: some historical aspects of egg-shaped sewers and flushing tanks.

This paper presents a historical review of some concepts and techniques used to manage sewer sediments and to cleanse sewers. Two aspects are illustrated: i) the use of egg-shaped and similar types of sewers in order to ensure self-cleansing velocities even during low low periods, and ii) the use of flushing tanks to scour deposited sediments and keep sewers free of deposits. After a brief survey of antecedent periods, the paper focuses on the evolution since the middle of the 19th century. Mainly based on French and English complementary examples, because both countries were leaders in the development of urban drainage in the period 1840-1880, the paper also provides information from Germany and the USA and shows that some aspects remained rather unchanged during 150 years while other have been completely revised during the same period.

Europe↗
PubMed1957

Determining blood pressure in infants: use of the flush technique.

The flush technique that recently has come into use is probably the most satisfactory method available for measuring blood pressures in infants and is of great aid in diagnosis of diseases associated with hypertension or hypotension. The method is practical and highly accurate. Readings obtained by this technique are not influenced by the width of the cuff, are usually higher at the wrist than at the ankle, and approximate the mean rather than the systolic blood pressure.

Ankle↗
PubMed1976

[Rupture of the round window membrane after slight head injury with flush of perilymph probably caused by large opening of aquaeductus cochleae (author's transl)].

A ringing deaf ear was noticed after slight head injury without loss of consciousness nor fracture of the skull. After performig tympanotomy a ruptured round window membrane with excessive flush of perilymph was found. We might rightly assume that this was induced by a large opening of aquaeductus cochleae combined with the force of inertia of the cerebral liquor and the direction of the push to the round window (blow behind the left ear).

Accidents, Home↗
PubMed2003

Red clover extracts not effective for hot flushes.

Both red clover extracts and placebo equally reduce the frequency of hot flushes. Providers should encourage patients to avoid spending money on supplements and instead add soy to their diet. In general, however, if patients are already convinced that something works, don't discourage them.

Comment↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pediatric i.v. catheters: efficacy of saline flush.

Several studies have demonstrated that normal saline is as effective as dilute heparin flush for maintaining patency of "heparin locks." These studies tended not to include the smallest size IV catheters that are frequently used for pediatric patients. Normal saline was less effective than dilute heparin solution for maintaining function of 24 gauge catheters (n = 120) in this clinical study.

Catheterization, Peripheral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Preservation of the lung: comparison of flush perfusion with cold modified blood and core cooling by cardiopulmonary bypass.

Clinically applied techniques for lung preservation of flush perfusion with cold modified blood and core cooling by means of cardiopulmonary bypass were compared in a canine model of single left lung transplantation with immediate ligation of the contralateral bronchus and pulmonary artery. In the cold modified blood group (n = 5), after pretreatment with the synthetic prostacyclin analogue iloprost (20 ng/kg/min), lung preservation was achieved by pulmonary artery perfusion with a solution of autologous donor blood, albumin, and mannitol. In the cardiopulmonary bypass group (n = 7), donors were cooled to an esophageal temperature of 10 degrees C before harvest of the heart-lung bloc. Donor organs were stored at 4 degrees C for 6 hours. After transplantation, artificial ventilation at a fixed oxygen concentration was continued until death or until animals were killed at 24 hours. Assessment of lung preservation was by recipient survival, blood gas analyses, and measurement of total lung water content. All cold modified blood recipients survived for 24 hours; four of seven bypass recipients died within 7 hours of operation. There was no change in oxygenation in the cold modified blood group at 1 hour after contralateral ligation: paO2, 212.2 mm Hg +/- 8.5 preligation; 227.2 mm Hg +/- 11.5 postligation. Oxygenation in the bypass group was reduced at 1 hour (paO2, 182.6 +/- 7.6 mm Hg preligation; 139.8 +/- 32.1 mm Hg postligation), but the difference did not reach statistical significance. The difference between groups at 1 hour was significant (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Isolation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from the uterine flush fluids of cows with clinical paratuberculosis.

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was isolated from the uterine flush fluids obtained from 3 to 4 cows with clinical paratuberculosis. Four cows with clinical paratuberculosis were subjected to uterine lavage, using an established embryo recovery technique, and the recovered fluids were cultured for M paratuberculosis. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis has previously been demonstrated to adhere to bovine ova. Embryos within the uterus of a superovulated cow infected with M paratuberculosis could be exposed to the organism.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Expiratory flushing of airways: a method to reduce deadspace ventilation.

A jet of fresh gas entering the trachea during the last part of expiration, expiratory flushing of airways (EFA), may during mechanical ventilation bring the fresh gas interface into the trachea to reduce deadspace. EFA, delivered in a variety of modes, was tested in healthy dogs. EFA allowed tidal volume, peak and mean airway pressure to be reduced by about 25%. EFA was administered in the form of pulses with frequencies 2-8 Hz, and as a continuous flow. The mode was of little importance. EFA was found to be efficient and should be clinically tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effects of conjugated equine oestrogens with and without the addition of cyclical medrogestone on hot flushes, liver function, blood pressure and endocrinological indices.

Despite widespread clinical use of conjugated oestrogens, there is a paucity of reported studies concerning the effect of such therapy in sequential combination with the progestin, medrogestone (Colpro; Akromed). In a double-blind study, 22 oestrogen-deficient women who had undergone hysterectomy (mean age 52,8 years) were treated initially for 6 cycles with either conjugated equine oestrogens 0.625 mg (CEE) for 21 days plus a placebo during the last 10 days of each cycle or the same oestrogen regimen with 10 days of medrogestone 5 mg/d. Thereafter the treatments were crossed over for a further 6 cycles. CEE monotherapy resulted in significantly decreased levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL) (P less than 0,001) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (P less than 0,01) with an increase in 17 beta-oestradiol (P less than 0,001). Medrogestone had a synergistic effect on the lowering of FSH, LH and PRL. No treatment modality caused any significant changes in blood pressure, fasting glucose value or vaginal cellular percentages. The decrease in hot flush scores, already manifest at the end of the first cycle, were sustained throughout (P less than 0,001).

Blood Pressure↗