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PubMedDate not supplied

The determinants of first sex by age 14 in a high-risk adolescent population.

A study using data for mothers from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth and their children aged 14 or older indicates that, after accounting for a wide range of demographic and socioeconomic antecedents, children are significantly more likely to become sexually active before age 14 if their mother had sex at an early age and if she has worked extensively. In addition, early sexual debut is eight times as likely among black boys as among non-Hispanic white boys. Children who use controlled substances at an early age are more than twice as likely to have sex before age 14 as those who do not, although the type of substance having an effect is different for girls (cigarettes) and boys (alcohol). Church attendance is an important determinant of delayed sexual activity, but only when a child's friends attend the same church.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Reproductive biology knowledge, and behaviour of teenagers in East, Central and Southern Africa: the Zimbabwe case study.

Sexuality in the teenager is often complicated by unplanned/unwanted pregnancy, abortion and the risks of STDs including AIDS. There is therefore a need for improved understanding of factors affecting adolescent sexuality and the implementation of programmes designed to improve their knowledge, risk awareness and subsequent behavioural outcomes. A multicentre study of reproductive health knowledge and behaviour followed by a health education intervention was undertaken amongst teenagers in selected countries of East, Central and Southern Africa. Reported here are findings at baseline derived from the Zimbabwe component on reproductive biology knowledge and behavior. A self-administered questionnaire was used among 1 689 adolescent pupils drawn from rural, urban, co-education, single sex, boarding and day secondary schools in Zimbabwe. Correct knowledge on reproductive biology as measured by the meaning and interpretation of menstruation and wet dreams varied by school from 68 pc to 86 pc, with a significant trend (p < 0,01) based on level of education at baseline. The reported mean age at which menarche took place was 13,5 years +/- 1,3 (mean +/- SD). First coitus was reported to have taken place at the mean age of 12 years for boys and 13,6 years for girls. Seventeen pc of the adolescent pupils reported that they were sexually experienced and 33,2 had relationships. There were misconceptions reported on menstruation with 23 pc reporting that it was an illness. Peers, followed by magazines were the first sources of information on various aspects of reproductive biology, both of which might not provide the correct first information. Among pupils reporting that they were sexually experienced, the largest proportion (56 pc) had unprotected sex. The findings point to the need for targeting the adolescent pupils for information on reproductive biology and increased awareness on the risks of pregnancy, STDs and HIV.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Sexually transmitted diseases in children].

Sexually transmitted diseases in children include vertically transmitted diseases responsible for severe fetopathy and neonatal diseases as well as infections acquired in the postnatal period. Sexually transmitted diseases in children raise the question of possible of sexual abuse, which has major medicolegal, social and psychological implications. The proof of sexual abuse is further complicated by the fact that some neonatal infections can be revealed only at a later stage. Moreover in rare cases venereal diseases are transmitted by non sexual contact. Early sexual activity, should also be included (10% of children have their first sexual intercourse before the age of 15).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Contraception and voluntary termination of pregnancy. Survey of a sample of 500 women].

In order to better evaluate the link between contraceptive attitudes and induced abortion, 500 women who underwent voluntary termination of pregnancy (VTP) at the First Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of the University of Rome "La Sapienza" were interviewed. They were young (median age 28 years), medium to high educated (61%), non married (52.4%), nulliparous (59.2%) women. Forty-two percent of them had the first sexual intercourse before 18 years of age and 72.6% at least five years before. Ninety-five women (19%) admitted a previous voluntary termination of pregnancy. Withdrawal (305 women), oral contraceptives (246 women) and condom (223 women) were the most widely used methods of fertility regulation, but the pill had been taken only for short periods of time, never exceeding one year. Withdrawal resulted to be the most utilized method during the cycle in which conception occurred (49.4%); no method had been employed by 34.8% of the women. The diffusion of modern methods of fertility regulation greatly influences the number of induced abortions in Italy, as clearly indicated by the progressive reduction of VIP starting from 1982 paralleled by a constant increase in OCs diffusion. Our data, although limited in number, confirm that induced abortion is the consequence of an insufficient use of modern methods of fertility regulation.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1996

Attitudes toward condom use among female college students.

The purpose of this study was to explore attitudes toward condom use, identify the frequency of condom usage, and examine the relationship between attitudes and condom use among sexually active female college students. This descriptive study used a convenience sample of 47 female college students attending a rural county family planning clinic. Students who reported condom use scored significantly higher on the Condom Attitudes Scale than those not using condoms. Other significant differences between condom and noncondom users were noted. The results provide insight into strategies for improving safer sexual behavior through nursing interventions for college populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Sexual development and behaviour in young female workers (author's transl)].

With the help of a standardized questionnaire in 1968 100 young female workers and in 1976 133 were asked in anonymous and written manner about different sexual development and about sexual behaviour. In the center of the inquest were the following questions: age of sex enlightment--age of menarche--age of first sexual intercourse and its motivation--personal attitude to pregnancy and contraception. Both of the groups mentioned were workers under equal conditions. Within eight years sexual development and sexual behaviour of the youth were compared.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Selected psychosocial factors and the sexual development of girls].

In a group of 771 Czech girls aged 16 to 18 years who were examined by means of an interview, the influence of three psychosocial factors on their sexual development was studied. Through statistical analysis of data it was found that probands living in towns had their first sexual intercourse significantly earlier (p < 0.004) than village girls and further they had more experience with cunnilingus and fellatio. Their level of education and that of both parents was significantly higher than in probands living in villages. However, in the second study we ascertained that sexual development of students in comparison with girl-apprentices was highly significantly retarded (p < 0.004). In the third study a comparison of psychosexual development of 535 girls who lived in complete and stable families, and of 166 probands from divorced marriages was carried out. Sexual development in the later group was accelerated (p < 0.02). The emotional atmosphere in disrupting families and the incompleteness after divorce influenced negatively the development of girls during their adolescence in different directions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[A survey on sexual awareness and behaviour of residents of a provincial city].

For better understanding of the sexual behaviours that are high-risk in terms of HIV infection, a random sample of 200 people aged above 20 and below 60 years, from a population of 23,700, was selected in the provincial city of Nagano and surveyed by visitation. The responses of 156 people (a rate of response of 78%) were collected and the results were statistically analyzed. The methods employed in conducting a survey on sexual behaviour were also evaluated. The number of sexual partners is an indicator of high-risk sexual behaviour for HIV infection. The data reveals that 65.3% of the men and 37% of the women had two or more partners in the past, with 37.5% of the men and 12.5% of the women having two or more partners in the last 5 years, and 19.1% of the men and 4.2% of the women having two or more partners in the last year, revealing that a higher percentage of men than women have multiple partners. Comparison by age group reveals that young men and women in their 20s have the highest percentage of multiple partners. For both men and women first sexual intercourse before the age of 18, for men self-employment, being a craftsmen or in agriculture, and for women, higher education, were all factors in having greater numbers of partners. In conducting a survey on sexual behaviour the following should be kept in mind. 1) The psychological background of the respondent; Sex counseling skills are required on the part of the interviewer when taking a survey on sex since it is a very private and personal topic for people. Respondents have a tendency to be those who are open-minded about sex and are active in life, and these factors can exaggerate the survey results. 2) Conduct of a survey on sexual behaviour; The survey should be taken only after the purpose of the survey has been fully explained to the respondents and trust has been established. In principle, therefore, mailing of a letter of request and the actual questions should not be the method utilized prior to the collection of responses.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Social differences in sexual behaviour and cervical cancer.

In this chapter we first describe the variation of cervical cancer in relation to social class. Thereafter we examine the causes for the occurrence of socioeconomic differences in invasive cervical cancer, using data from two case-control studies carried out in Colombia and Spain. Cervical cancer is the most common cancer in developing countries and the sixth most common in developed countries. In all areas, it is more frequent among women of low socioeconomic status, it is associated with multiple sexual partners and early age at first sexual intercourse, and both incidence and mortality are reduced by screening. According to population-based surveys in industrialized countries, men of low socioeconomic status report fewer sexual partners than men of high socioeconomic status but there is no clear indication that the same is true of women of low socioeconomic status. In the case-control studies in Spain and Colombia, the human papillomavirus and all other sexually transmitted diseases were more prevalent among women in low socioeconomic strata. Number of sexual partners and particularly contacts with prostitutes were higher among husbands of women of low socioeconomic status. Other potential risk factors for the disease, such as smoking and oral contraceptive use, and also cervical cancer screening (Pap smears), were more common in women of high social strata. Women with no schooling had a threefold higher risk in Spain and a fivefold higher risk in Colombia of having cervical cancer compared with women who had achieved a higher educational level. After adjustment for sexual behaviour, HPV DNA status, history of Pap smears and husband's contact with prostitutes, this association was considerably reduced. These results are indicative that socioeconomic differences in the incidence of cervical cancer can be partly explained by differences in the prevalence of HPV DNA. Men's sexual behaviour and particularly contacts with prostitutes might be a major contributor to the higher prevalence of HPV DNA among the poor.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychosocial and sexual outcome in women with Turner syndrome].

Results of an inquiry in adults patients (18-53 years of age) coming from three centers (1 in Rouen & 2 in Paris), 213 questionnaires were sent. 105 answers were received. Scholar achievement: only secondary cycle in 6%, Secondary cycle + professional course in 22% and tertiary cycle in 44%. No scholar ship in 2%, 26% were still ongoing studies. Professions: 18% are unemployed (24%), Secretary jobs: 10%, Health professions (altogether): 18%, Teachers: 8%, Clerks: 7%, Executive jobs: 8% and Miscellaneous jobs: 5%. 3% have an handicapped status. The small height was a career obstacle in 29%. Affective life. Age of first sexual intercourse was 19-22 years. 17 are or were married and 15% are living in couple. But 58% have not any sexual life whatsoever. These women are divided on the ways to cure the sterility. Few among the oldest have attempted adoption or medically assisted procreation, with each time low rate of success. 26% have psychological disturbances which were serious in 6% mainly due to depression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Sexuality of adolescent students in Yaounde (Cameroon)].

Undesired pregnancies are a major cause of school drop out among female adolescents in Cameroun. Studies were undertaken to assess the knowledge and practices of contraceptive methods and the prevention of undesired pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Of the 670 questionnaires that were distributed in 10 class rooms of 5 randomly selected secondary schools of the city of Yaoundé. 574 students responded among whom 233 males and 341 females, aged 12 to 19 years. The responses to the questionnaire revealed that 52% of the students were sexually active, and 56% of these had their first sexual intercourse between 15 and 17 years. The use of contraceptives was reported by 41% of the sexually active students. The main contraceptive methods used were condoms (54%) and periodic abstinence (31%). Periodic abstinence, coitus interruptus report by adolescents is of questionable efficacy in the prevention of STDs, and unwanted pregnancies. The average number of sexual intercourses was 5 times during the month before the survey. The rate of undesired pregnancies was 24%. Knowledge on contraception was more from the mass media (53%), school (21%), peers (16%), than parents (9%). Education for the deculpabilisation of contraception and a better management of sexuality should be undertaken in youth associations and schools. Parents should be taught to dialogue with their children on matters related to sexuality, in order to prevent STDs, unwanted pregnancies, clandestine abortions and their psychological and medical consequences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Ethical issues regarding individual data collection and utilization in community health care programs].

To understand the nature of ethical issues in community-based health care programs, we conducted a mail survey of subjects who were public health nurses employed by municipal governments. The questionnaire consisted of questions about data collection, usage, disclosure, and educational experience. In 1996 we received 536 completed questionnaires which were then analyzed. Regarding who should input data into computers, the number of those who considered that municipal offices other than public health nurses would be the most appropriate for the input of examination data was the largest, followed by those who felt that contracting out was best. Many of the public health nurses considered that they needed to obtain informed consent for collection, usage and disclosure of sensitive items, such as data on HIV infection. The number of those considering that they could not disclose results of examinations to other community-based specialists in health and welfare without the subject's agreement was very high. In health examination programs, the public health nurses requested information on date of birth and occupations, but there was some hesitation in requesting the latter information. Although about a half of subjects responded that they did not require data concerning the first sexual intercourse in cervical cancer screening, 90 percent asked breast feeding history in breast cancer screening. Approximately 90 percent gave results of the examination to participants personally through personal communication or mail. Of the respondents, 40 percent reported having had educational courses on ethics while the others did not. There were some responses that reminded us of the unsatisfactory level of understanding about ethical issues, which underlined the need to emphasize importance, of including this in educational curricula.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1998

Sexual behaviour in untreated and treated coeliac patients.

BACKGROUND: Sexual behaviour is often altered in chronic illness. AIM: To evaluate sexual behaviour in coeliac patients before and after treatment with a gluten-free diet. PATIENTS: Fifty-five adults with coeliac disease and 51 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. METHODS: Routine clinical and laboratory work-up was used for diagnosis of coeliac disease. Age of first sexual intercourse, prevalence of individuals who were sexually active, frequency of intercourse, reduction in sexual desire, difficulty in attaining orgasm, pain during intercourse, and prevalence of individuals defining themselves as satisfied with their sexual life were investigated by an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire administered before and after one year's treatment with a gluten-free diet in coeliac patients, and only once in controls. Analyses included clinical conditions, demographic and socio-economic data. RESULTS: Compared with controls, untreated coeliac patients had a significantly lower frequency of intercourse and a lower prevalence of individuals satisfied with their sexual life. Patients with overt and subclinical coeliac disease did not show significant differences for any indices of sexual behaviour. Compared with untreated conditions, coeliac patients after one year of treatment had improved values for all indices of sexual behaviour: differences were significant for frequency of intercourse and prevalence of individuals satisfied with their sexual life. CONCLUSION: Untreated coeliac disease, even in its subclinical presentation, is associated with disorders in sexual behaviour which are improved by the dietary treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple sexual partners among U.S. adolescents and young adults.

CONTEXT: Because many teenagers and young adults fail to use condoms correctly and consistently, the number of sexual partners they have is an important risk factor for sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV. Identifying factors that are associated with having multiple partners can help in the design of disease interventions. METHODS: Data on 8,450 males and females aged 14-22 who participated in the 1992 Youth Risk Behavior Survey were used to examine the prevalence of and factors associated with young people's having multiple partners. RESULTS: In all, 63% of female respondents and 64% of males were sexually experienced. Among those who had had sex during the three months before the survey, 15% and 35%, respectively, had had two or more partners during that period. At each age, the majority of sexually experienced respondents had had more than one lifetime partner; between ages 14 and 21, the proportion who had had six or more rose from 8% to 31% among females and from 14% to 45% among males. In logistic regression analyses, alcohol use, illicit drug use and young age at first coitus were associated with increased odds that females had had two or more partners in the previous three months, and being married lowered the odds; black or Hispanic race or ethnicity, alcohol use and young age at first coitus increased the odds for males, and being married reduced the odds. As the number of reported alcohol-related behaviors increased, the adjusted proportion of respondents who had recently had multiple partners rose from 8% to 48% among females and from 23% to 61% among men. CONCLUSIONS: The strong association between alcohol use and having multiple sexual partners underscores the need to educate young people about the effects of alcohol on partner choice and the risk of infection with sexually transmitted diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Current epidemiology of vulvar cancer].

Cancer of the vulva is a rare disease accounting for only 3 to 5% of all gynaecologic cancers. The incidence rates of this cancer vary depending upon the country considered, the lowest rates being reported for Asian and African populations. An increased incidence of in situ carcinomas of the vulva has been noted recently among young women. In this population, the risk factors are: a young age at first sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, a low socio-cultural level, previous infection by human papilloma virus (HPV) and smoking. An association has also been found with other types of cancers, either in relation with HPV-infection or with tobacco use. In contrast, older women are usually diagnosed with advanced-stage, squamous or keratinous invasive forms of the disease with no clear link with either smoking experience or previous HPV-infection.

Female↗
PubMed2000

Inhibition conflict and alcohol expectancy as moderators of alcohol's relationship to condom use.

Inhibition conflict theory predicts that alcohol will decrease condom use only among individuals who are highly conflicted about using a condom, whereas expectancy theory predicts such an effect only among individuals who hold strong beliefs about alcohol's effects on sexual risk taking. In Study 1, the first of these two theories was tested using a newly developed measure of conflict. Data from 308 college students who reported on the first time they had sexual intercourse with their most recent partner (FMRP) supported the utility of this measure and showed that quantity of alcohol consumed was negatively associated with condom use only among high-conflict individuals. In Study 2, 17- to 25-year-old respondents reported on their first sexual intercourse, FMRP, and last intercourse (ns = 465, 1136, and 984, respectively). In a simultaneous test of both inhibition conflict theory and expectancy theory, amount of alcohol consumed was found to be negatively associated with condom use at first intercourse among individuals high in both conflict and expectancy, at FMRP among high-expectancy individuals, and at last intercourse among high-conflict individuals. These results lend partial support to both theories of alcohol's effects and suggest that an integration of these two perspectives will ultimately be required if researchers are to model adequately alcohol's effects on human social behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Sex behavior among high school students in Sweden: improvement in contraceptive use over time.

PURPOSE: To investigate sexual behavior and attitudes toward sexuality among first-year high school students in Sweden in 1999 and to compare the sexual behavior with that reported from similar studies in 1979 and 1989. METHODS: In Spring 1999, a questionnaire with 47 questions mainly of multiple-choice nature was administered to a random sample of 20 classes in senior high school in two medium-sized cities in Sweden. The median age of the students was 16 years. Differences in sexual behavior and attitudes were evaluated with the Chi-square and Student's t-test. RESULTS: Almost half of the students (46%) had had intercourse, showing that the age of coitarche had not decreased during the past two decades. The median age at intercourse of those who had had intercourse was 15 years in both genders. More students in practical (vocational-technical) programs (60%) than in theoretical (college preparatory) ones (37%) had had sexual intercourse. More teenagers in theoretical (90%) than in practical programs (64%) had used contraceptives at their first intercourse, an increase from 65% in 1979 to 76% in 1999. One-fourth of the teenagers were under the influence of alcohol at the first intercourse, a decrease, compared with 1979. CONCLUSIONS: Contraceptive use at coitarche has increased and alcohol use decreased over the 20-year-period. The tendency noted 10 years ago that students attending practical programs put themselves at more health risk than students in theoretical programs continues. This fact should be considered when planning for counseling and sex education.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Family planning in primary care. One year of experience at a health center].

We report in the present study the results of one year activity of the family planning (FP) clinic of the health center "Huerta de la Reina". We aimed at the characterization of the population on care and its response to the development of the FP program, as a possible basis for future policies. The consulting women is usually aged between 20 and 29 years, is a housewife, and her socioeconomic status is low. She has between one and three children; she had the first one when she was 20-24 years old, and had sexual intercourse for the first time before age 20. As regards birth control, she has usually not adopted any effective method during most of her fertile years; however, she has been taking oral contraceptives for 1-3 years and attends the FP clinic asking for method to secure no further pregnancies. In most cases she is free of medical risks for eventual pregnancies, and she is prescribed oral contraceptives. Women with the highest number of children are those of lower socioeconomic status (p less than 0.05). Likewise, there is a relationship between the educational level and the method used at the time of consultation (p less than 0.05).

Adolescent↗