Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Facial Expression”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

The effect of left and right poses on the expression of facial emotion.

Research, using composite facial photographs has demonstrated that left-left composites are more emotionally expressive than are right-right composites. The present study investigated whether hemifacial asymmetries in expression are apparent in photographs, that feature one side of the face more than the other. Photographs were taken of the models who turned their heads: (a) 15 degrees to the left, (b) 15 degrees to the right or (c) faced directly towards the camera. It was predicted that left hemiface and midline photographs would be judged as more emotionally expressive than right hemiface photographs, where the left hemiface is less prominent. Three hundred and eighty-four participants viewed photographs of the three posing conditions, and rated each photograph along an emotional expressivity scale. Midline and left hemiface portraits were rated as more emotionally expressive than were right hemiface portraits. To investigate whether this effect was caused by observer's aesthetic/perceptual biases, mirror-reversed versions of the three posing conditions were included. Left hemiface and midline portraits were rated as more emotionally expressive, irrespective of whether they were mirror-reversed. It was concluded that head turns of just 15 degrees can bring about significant changes in the perceived emotionality. The relevance of these findings to painted portraits, which feature the left hemiface more than the right, is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Acute SSRI administration affects the processing of social cues in healthy volunteers.

Enhancement of serotonin neurotransmission plays an important role in the antidepressant response to agents presently available to treat depression. This response forms the major evidence for the role of serotonin in affective and social behaviour in humans. The present study investigated the effects of acute administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSR1), citalopram (10 mg, i.v.) upon a measure of emotional processing in healthy female volunteers. Subjects completed a facial expression recognition task following infusion of citalopram or saline (between-subjects design, double-blind). Facial expressions associated with five basic emotions--happiness, sadness, fearfulness, anger and disgust--were displayed. Each face had been 'morphed' between neutral (0%) and each emotional standard (100%) in 10% steps, leading to a range of emotional intensities. Mood and subjective experience were also monitored throughout the testing session. Volunteers receiving citalopram detected a higher number of facial expressions of fear and happiness, with reduced response times, relative to those given the placebo. By contrast, changes in the recognition of other basic emotions were not observed following citalopram. Notable differences in mood were also not apparent in these volunteers. These results suggest that acute administration of antidepressant drugs may affect neural processes involved in the processing of social information. This effect may represent an early acute effect of SSRIs on social and emotional processing that is relevant to their therapeutic actions.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Inferring emotional reactions in social situations: differences in children with language impairment.

Anticipating and responding to a partner's emotional reactions are key components in the comprehension of daily social discourse. Kindergarten children with language impairment (LI) and age-matched controls (CA) were asked to label facial expressions depicting 1 of 4 emotions (happy, surprised, sad, mad) and to identify those expressions when given a verbal label. Children then chose among these facial expressions when asked to infer emotional reactions from stories (3-sentence scenarios) presented in 1 of 3 modalities: verbal, visual, and combined. Although all children were able to identify and label the facial expressions, children with LI had difficulty integrating emotion knowledge with event context in order to infer a character's feelings. When these inferencing errors occurred, children in the LI group were more likely to provide emotions of a different valence (e.g., substituting happy for mad) than were children in the CA group. Inferencing ability was related to language comprehension performance on a standardized test. The findings suggest that inferencing errors made by children with LI occur during the early stages of social processing and may contribute to social difficulties often experienced by this group of children.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Parental socialization of children's dysregulated expression of emotion and externalizing problems.

The relations of parents' warmth, emotional expressivity, and discussion of emotion to 2nd-5th graders' regulation of emotional expressivity, externalizing problem behaviors, and expressivity were examined. Parents' and children's facial expressions to evocative slides were observed, as was parents' discussion of the slides, and parents and teachers provided information on children's regulation of expressivity and problem behavior. Analyses supported the hypothesis that the effect of parental variables on children's problem behavior was at least partly indirect through their children's regulation of emotion. Children's low negative (versus positive) facial expressivity to negative slides was associated with problem behavior for boys. A reversed model did not support the possibility that children's functioning had causal effects on parenting. The findings suggest that parents' emotion-related behaviors are linked to children's regulation of expressivity and externalizing behaviors.

Affect↗
PubMed1999

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of facial affect recognition in children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To examine further the role of the amygdala in the recognition of facial expression in adolescents. METHOD: Twelve healthy adolescents were studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging technology during a task of facial affect recognition and a visual control task. RESULTS: All subjects demonstrated a significant increase in signal intensity in the amygdala for the facial expression recognition task. CONCLUSIONS: The data are consistent with previous work in healthy adult subjects implicating the amygdala as essential for the recognition of fearful facial expression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Study of posed emotion in facial EMG asymmetry.

37 subjects' facial electromyographic activity at the corrugator and zygomatic muscle regions were recorded while they were posing with happy and sad facial expressions. Analysis showed that the mean value of EMG activity at the left zygomatic muscle region was the highest, followed by the right zygomatic, left corrugator, and right corrugator muscle regions, while a happy facial expression was posed. The mean value of EMG activity at the left corrugator muscle region was the highest, followed by those for the right corrugator, left zygomatic, and right zygomatic muscle regions while a sad facial expression was posed. Further analysis indicated that the power of facial EMG activity on the left side of the face was stronger than on the right side of the face while posing both happy and sad expressions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Induced mood and preschoolers' behavior: isolating the effects of hedonic tone and degree of arousal.

A circumplex model of emotion was used to examine the role of hedonic tone and degree of arousal in the effects of induced mood on children's persistence behavior. A total of 45 preschool children were asked to describe and think about either exciting, calm, or sad experiences and then perform a persistence task. Heart rate was continuously recorded throughout the session. Observers' ratings of facial expressions and parents' ratings of the experiences provided convergent validation of the induction procedure. Children in the excited induction were rated as displaying facial expressions and generating situations that were high on both pleasure and arousal. The facial expressions and situations of those in the calm induction were also rated as positive, but less arousing, whereas those in the sad induction were rated as low on both. Concurrent heart rate recordings showed differential effects of the mood condition on autonomic arousal during the period when the children were generating the affect-inducing situations. These effects dissipated shortly after the beginning of the concentration phase of the induction procedure. Subsequent performance on a persistence task indicated that higher levels of arousal increased the amount of work completed, whereas higher levels of pleasure did not. Differential levels of autonomic arousal were displayed during the persistence task. These findings validate two important elements of the experimental design: excited versus calm states induce similar levels of pleasure but different levels of arousal, and calm versus sad states induce similar levels of arousal but different levels of pleasure. In previous research, hedonic tone and degree of arousal have often been confounded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Affect↗
PubMed2000

Dissociations between psychobiologic reactivity and emotional expression in children.

Although there are general assumptions that physiological and behavioral indices of emotion are interrelated, empirical research has revealed inconsistent findings with regard to their degree of association, particularly in children. Two studies were conducted to examine the relations between cardiovascular reactivity and emotional behavior. In the first study, 3- to 6-year-olds completed challenging tasks during which measures of their physiological responses and facial expressions were obtained. With age, children's heart rate decreased, vagal tone increased, and facial expressions became slightly more exaggerated. However, children's physiologic reactions were unrelated to their concurrent facial expression when all children were considered, when only boys were considered, and when children extreme in their physiologic reactions were considered. Only among girls was physiologic reactivity moderately associated with concurrent negative expressiveness. In the second study, 4- and 5-year-olds' physiologic reactivity was examined as a predictor of later overt emotional reaction to venipuncture episodes. Children's overt emotional reactions were consistent across repeated venipunctures, and girls were more visibly distressed than boys. As in the first study, physiologic reactivity was generally unrelated to children's behavioral responses. Findings have implications for assumptions about the degree of coupling between biological and behavioral emotional systems in childhood.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

Change in gene expression in facial nerve nuclei and the effect of superoxide dismutase in a rat model of ischemic facial paralysis.

Peripheral nerve injury induces changes in gene expressions of a variety of neuroactive substances in cell somata, which may have roles in the adaptive response to the injury, neuronal survival, growth and regeneration. In this study, we designed a rat model of ischemic peripheral facial paralysis with a selective embolization technique, and observed mRNA expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), c-jun, and growth associated protein (GAP)-43 in facial nerve nuclei using in situ hybridization histochemistry. The rats were demonstrated to have a transient facial paralysis consistently, and thus this method was regarded as a model of minor peripheral nerve injury. The mRNA of CGRP, c-jun and GAP-43 showed a distinct pattern of induction and time course of increase after the ischemic nerve injury. The results suggest that the small injury to the peripheral nerve was able to induce changes in mRNA expression in the cell body of motoneurons. We also investigated the protective effect of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which is a free radical-scavenging enzyme involved in cellular antioxidant defenses. The SOD treatment clearly alleviated the behavioral impairment and decreased the CGRP mRNA expression at 3rd day after injury. These data suggest that a free radical generated by the ischemia may be partially responsible for ischemic nerve damage and the change in gene expression in motoneurons.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

An ERP study on the time course of emotional face processing.

Using event-related brain potentials (ERPs), we investigated the time course of facial expression processing in human subjects watching photographs of fearful and neutral faces. Upright fearful faces elicited a frontocentral positivity within 120 ms after stimulus presentation, which was followed by a broadly distributed sustained positivity beyond 250 ms post-stimulus. Emotional expression effects were delayed and attenuated when faces were inverted. In contrast, the face-specific N170 component was completely unaffected by facial expression. We conclude that emotional expression analysis and the structural encoding of faces are parallel processes. Early emotional ERP modulations may reflect the rapid activation of prefrontal areas involved in the analysis of facial expression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Human assessment of chimpanzee facial asymmetry.

In this study, facial asymmetry in chimpanzees was assessed using a technique that has traditionally been implemented in human studies. Image composites made of each half of chimpanzees' facial expressions were presented to humans with and without chimpanzee experience. The group of subjects with chimpanzee experience considered composites made of the left side of the chimpanzee faces as the most emotionally intense for the emotional categories of play, silent bared-teeth, scream face, and a neutral category. On the other hand, left-left composites were not consistently judged by subjects with and without chimpanzee experience as the most similar to the whole original face, which might be explained as the result of an attentional bias in the human observers towards the right side of the chimpanzee expressions. Furthermore, responses given by subjects with and without chimpanzee experience were highly correlated, which indicates that the two groups of humans perceived the chimpanzee facial expressions in a similar fashion. The finding of left-sided asymmetries in these chimpanzees' facial expressions suggests a right hemisphere asymmetry in the production of emotions in this species and it is consistent with results reported in human and other nonhuman primates.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Autistic children's ability to interpret faces: a research note.

Ten autistic children were compared with 10 non-autistic children matched for chronological age and performance IQ on two tests of finding the odd face out of a set of photographs of faces, two tests of labelling photographs of faces, and a test of labelling photographs of common objects. The autistic children were significantly worse than the non-autistic children at finding the odd person out and the odd facial expression of emotion out, and at labelling facial expressions of emotion. They did no worse than the non-autistic children at labelling upside down faces or at labelling objects. The results, which replicate the findings of Hobson (J. Child Psychol, Psychiat. 27, 321-342, 671-680, 1986; Communication, 20, 12-17, 1986) are consistent with other evidence for a specific perceptual abnormality in at least some children with autism, the nature of which is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Injection pain with propofol: the effectiveness of thiopentone on induction.

One hundred and twenty-seven children aged 3-6 years were allocated to four groups. All of them received venous cannulation on the dorsum of the hand. On induction, the group L1, L2 and L3 patients received propofol 3 mg/kg mixed with lignocaine 0.15 mg/kg, 0.3 mg/kg, 0.6 mg/kg, respectively. The group T patients received thiopentone 3 mg/kg, then propofol 1.5 mg/kg mixed with lignocaine 0.075 mg/kg. Pain on injection was categorized into two-assessment items (facial expression and limbs withdrawal). The facial expression category were subdivided into none, mild (knit of brows), moderate (grimace), and severe (crying). The withdrawal of limbs was categorized into none, mild (withdrawal of hand), moderate (withdrawal of fore-arm and arm), severe (withdrawal of arm and twisting of body). Patients were monitored using an electrocardiogram, pulse oximeter, autonomic noninvasive blood pressure measuring device and capnography. The patient characteristics did not differ significantly among the four groups. Pain on injection was significantly more frequent in the group L1 patients (81%) compared with the group T (27%) patients. Increasing lignocaine dose reduced the incidence of pain graded as "moderate" or "severe" though there was no significant difference. The incidences of excitatory effect on propofol injection were reduced with increasing lignocaine dose and prior administration of thiopentone but there were no obviously differences among groups. We concluded that thiopentone reduced injection pain on propofol and should be recommended.

Anesthetics, Intravenous↗
PubMed2002

A left-prefrontal lateralized, sympathetic mechanism directs attention towards social threat in humans: evidence from repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.

The prioritized processing of threat is suggested to be motivated by anxiety, regulated by the parasympatheticus, and biased to the right hemisphere. However, according to an anterior dimensional model of negative affect this is unlikely to be true when threat is of social origin. Social threat is communicated by the angry facial expression, and recent research indicates that prioritized processing of angry faces is motivated by anger. Anger is a sympathetically dominated emotion, and for its expression and experience, neuroimaging data have demonstrated anterior lateralization to the left hemisphere. To scrutinize the above diverging statements, suprathreshold low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was applied over the right and the left prefrontal cortex (PFC) of ten healthy subjects during 15min continuously, and the subsequent effects on sympathetic and parasympathetic activity of the heart, and selective attention to angry facial expressions were investigated. Combined rTMS-neuroimaging studies have shown contralateral excitation after unilateral supratheshold low-frequency rTMS, hence the strengthening of contralaterally mediated emotion functions. The earlier reported increases in selective attention to angry facial expressions after right-PFC rTMS were found to be accompanied by and significantly associated with elevations in sympathetic activity. Our data suggest that a left-PFC lateralized, sympathetic mechanism directs attention towards the angry facial expression.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Posed emotional expression in unilateral brain damaged patients.

The facial expressions of six basic emotions were posed by two groups of right (N = 23) and left (N = 34) brain damaged patients and by a control group of normal subjects (N = 28). The posed expressions were examined by means of the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) which provides analytical and objective scoring, as by a subjective scale of appropriateness of expression. Results indicated no difference between controls and patients with a lesion in the right or left hemisphere. These findings are inconsistent with the hypothesis that the right hemisphere plays a specific role in the control of posed facial expression. No relationship was observed between posed emotional expressions and facial paralysis or the presence of oral apraxia.

Affect↗
PubMed2000

Channel-consistency following unilateral stroke: an examination of patient communications across verbal and nonverbal domains.

One way in which the dyadic communicative process can go awry is for one or both parties to send channel-inconsistent communications - communications in which the verbal and nonverbal elements are not matched in emotional valence (e.g., uttering positive words with a frown). We hypothesized that unilateral stroke patients would be likely to send such messages. Given the verbal impairments typically associated with left hemisphere damage (LHD), e.g., agrammatism, and the nonverbal impairments typically associated with right hemisphere damage (RHD), we expected LHD and RHD patients to send messages in which the impaired channel was perceived as inconsistent with the unimpaired channel. Ten LHD, 11 RHD and six normal control patients were videotaped while engaging in social interaction. Observers made judgments about the valence of the patients' (1) words (based on transcripts of the interactions), and (2) facial expressions (based on soundless videos of the interactions). Analysis of word-face difference scores revealed a significant linear trend, with messages of LHD patients judged more positive in facial expression than in verbal content, messages of RHD patients judged more positive in verbal content than in facial expression, and messages of control patients judged channel-consistent (similar in valence across facial and verbal channels).

Communication↗
PubMed2001

A compensatory mirror cortical mechanism for facial affect processing in schizophrenia.

When primates passively observe other subjects perform specific gestures or actions, premotor and motor cortical areas involved in the internal representation and actual execution of those actions exhibit neuronal activation. This mirror mechanism matches observation, representation, and execution, facilitating internal motor rehearsal, imitation, recognition of actions by others and their meanings, and social learning. Schizophrenic patients have deficits in processing affect displayed by other people's faces, which likely relates to the poor social adaptation and functioning seen in the condition. We hypothesized that, when correctly performing working-memory tasks requiring facial affect processing, schizophrenic patients would show relative increased activity in brain areas involved in social learning and in the internal representation of facial expressions when compared to controls. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging in schizophrenic patients and normal controls to detect relative changes of blood flow in cortical areas related to the representation of facial expressions while the subjects performed simple working-memory tasks with facial emotion diagrams or color circles as cues. We found that, when the task cues were facial expressions in contrast to color circles, the schizophrenic group exhibited increased activation of the face movement areas in motor and pre-motor cortex.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Dissociation between the processing of affective and nonaffective faces: a case study.

In this report we describe a patient with a right-hemisphere lesion who showed a dissociation between the processing of affective and nonaffective faces. Although he performed normally on neutral facial tasks, he was impaired in naming and pointing to facial expressions. This dissociation is discussed in terms of four possible mechanisms: (a) a high-level visuoconfigurational defect; (b) an associative agnosic type of defect for facial expressions; (c) a specific "activation" defect; and (d) a visual-verbal disconnection resulting in an anomic type of defect for facial expressions.

Affect↗