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Results for “FACIAL BONES”

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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Repair of a rodent nasal critical-size osseous defect with osteoblast augmented collagen gel.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Facial skeletal defects are a common challenge for the otolaryngologist. Type I collagen gels have shown promise in the repair of nonhealing critical size defects (CSDs) of facial bone by providing scaffolding for new bone growth by osteoblasts at the defect perimeter. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect that suspending osteoblasts within a type I collagen gel has on the repair of a rodent facial CSD. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial using a rodent model. METHODS: A previously described facial CSD was created by removing the nasalis bones with a cutting burr to the level of the nasal mucosal membranes on 18 Sprague-Dawley rats. Groups of six animals were treated with an implant containing either 300 microg of type I collagen gel, 12 x 10(5) osteoblasts suspended within type I collagen gel, or 12 x 10(5) fibroblasts suspended within type I collagen gel for comparison. After 30 days the animals-were examined at necropsy with planimetry, histological analysis of new bone growth, and radiodensitometric analysis of bone thickness. RESULTS: All animals had complete coverage with a thin layer of bone. Histological sectioning revealed an increased thickness in the osteoblast augmented group. Radiodensitometric measurements revealed a statistically significant increase in bone repair in the osteoblast group compared with the collagen-only group (P < or = .0005) and the fibroblast group (P < or = .04). CONCLUSION: Type I collagen gels augmented with an osteoblastic suspension significantly enhance the repair of nasal CSDs in a rodent model. The use of cultured bone precursor cells represents a leap forward in osteoengineering.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses.

The diagnostic value of computer tomography in lesions of the paranasal sinuses has been investigated in three cases with maxillary carcinoma and in five cases with fractures of the facial bones. In most of the cases, particularly in carcinoma, computer tomography was found to provide additional information to that obtained with conventional X-ray techniques. In fractures, however, a supplementary plain film examination was found to be indispensable.

Facial Injuries↗
PubMed1993

Temporal bone findings in craniodiaphyseal dysplasia.

To our knowledge, this is the first description of the histopathology of the temporal bone from a case of craniodiaphyseal dysplasia. The air spaces of the mastoid, external auditory canal, and middle ear cavity are reduced by hyperostotic bone. The ossicles are also deformed by the bony overgrowth. Anomalous ossicles with hyperostosis could affect the air conduction. Even though the internal auditory canal is somewhat elongated and narrow, no labyrinthine abnormalities can be attributed to the abnormal bone. Facial nerves run through abnormal courses but the geniculate ganglion cells are not involved. The VIIIth nerve dysfunction in this case could be due to mechanical damage of the nerve fibers and/or impaired vascular supply by the hyperostosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Surgical approaches for sinonasal tumors with intracranial extension].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the surgical approaches for sinonasal tumors with intracranial extension. METHODS: Seventeen patients with intracranial invasion tumors were treated surgically by maxillectomy combined with frontal or infratemporal approaches in 11 cases, including squamous cell carcinoma 8 cases, papillocarcinoma 2 cases and meningioma 1 case. Nasofrontal bone translocation in 1 case which was a meningioma case, craniofacial approaches in 5 cases, including squamous cell carcinoma 4 cases and esthesioneuroblastoma 1 csae. RESULTS: One of two meningioma cases with cavernous sinus invasion was incompletely resected, another case was resected en bloc. In malignant group, ten cases were treated by nasomaxillectomy combined with frontal or infratemporal approaches. One patient died 1 year after operation, 7 cases survived for over 3 years, and 5 for over 5 years. Five cases were treated by craniofacial approach, among them, one patient died 6 months after operation, 4 cases survived for over 3 years, and 2 for over 5 years. All patients healed smoothly. CONCLUSIONS: Maxillary nasopyramid translocation combined with frontocranial or infratemporal approach is available for en bloc removal of sinonasal tumors with intracranial extension. The nasofrontal bone translocation is available for removal of tumors with limited intracranial extension and well developed frontal sinus. Cranioanterolateral facial approach is suitable for nasocranial tumors with facial bone involvement.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

[Coral in infra-osseous lesions. Evaluation after 7 years' use].

The coral or madreporaria skeleton is morphologically and chemically very similar to mineral bone. The authors began to experiment with the implantation of selected pieces of coral in the cranial and facial bones of dogs, pigs and monkeys. The obtained true reossification with the wide porous varieties, and a very stable implant with a very good tolerance with the other varieties. Having collected and analysed the first two years results on the animal, we started, in 1981, to use coral implants in corrective surgery of the face by extrapolating in other specific areas, such as periodontology which we believe to be a very promising area of investigation. The filling of the interior bone cavities remains our chief concern; a quick look taken at the available literature on the subject has convinced us of the strong need for grafts in the treatment of bone lesions. We do not propose here a critical or a comparative study of the different materials mentioned: Our goal has been to transmit our finding, based on the importance of madrepore: its wide availability; easy use; economical price; biological qualities; consistent result.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Ewing's sarcoma of bone and soft tissues.

Ewing's sarcoma is a distinctive clinical and pathologic entity that may be intraosseous or of soft-tissue origin. In the facial bones, the incidence of the sarcoma is estimated at 2.5% of all Ewing's sarcoma of bone. The soft tissue of the head and neck account for 11% of extraskeletal sites of the neoplasm. Combined modality treatment has modified its high-grade malignancy.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1983

Effect of maxillary osteotomy on subsequent craniofacial growth in adolescent monkeys.

LeFort I osteotomy was performed on seven adolescent Macaca fascicularis monkeys to study its effect on the subsequent dentocraniofacial growth. Eight adolescent monkeys were used as controls. Tantalum implants were inserted at predetermined areas in certain craniofacial bones of all monkeys. For stereometric cephalometry, implants were placed in both the left and right sides of the facial bones. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of all monkeys were taken prior to and immediately after metallic implant placement, immediately after maxillary osteotomy, and thereafter every 4 weeks during the postsurgical period. At least two cephalograms were taken on each occasion, one with the teeth in occlusion and the other with mouth wide open. The latter was used to view the mandibular condyle adequately. These findings suggest that the maxillary osteotomy did disturb the vertical growth of the maxilla at the PNS and retarded the horizontal growth at the premaxilla. The anterior growth of the maxilla and mandible and the vertical growth of the face were substantially reduced. The most interesting finding was also a reduction of the mandibular growth in all of its dimensions. The rate and the amount of reduced anterior mandibular growth were found to be coordinated with the anterior maxillary growth which resulted in all animals showing a normal overjet, overbite, and occlusion throughout the postsurgical observation period.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Method to improve cosmetic outcome following craniotomy.

This technical note describes a simple method for reducing the dead space created by craniotome due to the loss of bone dust and improving the cosmetic outcome following a craniotomy. After drilling the burr holes for the craniotomy, the bone between the holes is drilled away in a standard fashion except that multiple regions of about 1 cm in length are left intact. These intact regions are broken using a periosteal elevator and fixed like a bridge when the bone is replaced. The resulting bone flap is readily returned to its original position without making the dead space created by regular craniotomy. The amount of the dead space caused by losing the bone dust is reduced and a good cosmetic recovery is obtained. This technique is useful for both craniotomy and facial bone surgery, which requires cosmetic results.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed2004

Dental alveolar bone defects related to Vitamin D and calcium status.

Vitamin D is important for skeletal development, growth, and homeostasis but has been sparsely studied in the oro-facial bone. Dental alveolar bone anchors teeth to mandible and maxilla bones via a periodontal ligament. Its formation and maintenance are strictly dependent on the presence of tooth organs and it is characterized by a high turnover rate. In order to study the role of Vitamin D and the calcium status on dental alveolar bone formation, microradiographic and histologic comparison of wild-type, Vitamin D receptor null mutant (VDR (-/-) hypo- and normo-calcemic mice and tissues were performed at 2 months. In hypo-calcemic VDR (-/-) mice, alveolar bone was hypomineralized and demonstrated a cellular and matrix organization, similar to the immature woven bone. In normo-calcemic VDR (-/-) mice, mineralization of dental alveolar bone appeared normal, but bone was morphologically abnormal in some specific anatomical locations. These data show that Vitamin D and calcium status may control the formation of dental alveolar bone. The differences of phenotype between hypo- and normo-calcemic VDR null mutant mice suggested a specific Vitamin D control of alveolar bone formation by the Vitamin D nuclear receptor pathway.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1964

NASAL FRACTURE.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1991

[A case report of hemangioma of the petrous bone which caused facial spasm and facial palsy].

A rare case of hemangioma of the petrous bone is described. A 31-year-old woman suffered from right facial twitching and palsy. So she underwent a craniectomy intending microvascular decompression of the facial nerve, but no compressing vessels or tumors were found. Three years later, however, her facial fasciculation disappeared spontaneously, but facial weakness deteriorated and she began to feel vertigo. On admission, neurological examination revealed right facial palsy of the peripheral type, slight hearing disturbance, and canal palsy. Bone-window CT and T2-weighted MRI revealed a small tumor destroying the petrous bone near the geniculate portion of the facial nerve. Using the epidural subtemporal approach, the tumor was totally removed and the facial nerve remained intact. Histologically it was diagnosed as hemangioma. Hemangioma of the skull base bone is rare, and it is interesting that the tumor in this case caused abnormal facial contraction like hemifacial spasm.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The effect of electrosurgery on alveolar bone.

The facial marginal alveolar bone of dogs was exposed with a full-thickness flap and touched by an activated electrosurgery electrode for periods of 0, 1, 5 and 10 seconds. Microscopic results were evaluated after periods ranging from 0 hours to 28 days. Various electrode exposure times produced similar changes in bone and periodontal ligament. The extent of the destruction was greater than that found in surgical areas not exposed to electrosurgery; healing and remodeling phases were also delayed in the electrosurgical sites.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An unusual presentation of giant cell tumour (osteoclastoma).

The number of well-documented true giant cell tumours arising in any of the craniofacial bones is small, but they do exist. A 19 year old female, Ms. KS, presented with complain of progressive enlargement of facial bones especially jaw bones, then orbit symmetrically since the age of 7. There was bilateral gross enlargement of mandible, maxilla, orbital walls, causing displacement of eye medially and upwards. The visual acuity of both eyes were 6/36 and 6/18 with best correction. Extra ocular movements were restricted because of bony growth and conjunctiva over inferior fornix were keratinized due to exposure. Fine needle aspiration (FNAC) from the side of bony growth showed plenty of osteoclasts with multinucleated giant cells. The level of serum alkaline phosphatase were highly increased. She underwent orbitotomy and a part of tissue was sent for biopsy which revealed multiples of mononucleargiant cells and tumour cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Calvarial bone grafting of facial defects.

Bony defects of the face continue to challenge the reconstructive surgeon. Traditional sources of autologous bone from the rib or pelvis have been associated with the limitations of pain at the donor site, the need for a second operative field, variable "take" of the graft with poor eventual survival and, ultimately, less than optimal reconstruction. Calvarial bone grafting provides a readily accessible source of bone from an inconspicuous donor site, usually within the same operative field. The morbidity is minimal. The calvarial bone graft is especially useful in repair of the frontal sinus, orbital floor, nasal and malar regions, as well as in certain instances of cleft palate with alveolar involvement.

Adult↗