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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

MR arthrography of elbow: evaluation of the ulnar collateral ligament of elbow.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury of the elbow in throwing athletes by MRI and MR arthrography. DESIGN: Ten elbows of throwing athletes were examined on both plain MRI and MR saline arthrography and the injuries subsequently surgically proven. Spin-echo (SE) T1-weighted and fast SE T2-weighted coronal images were obtained. RESULTS: The UCL was unclear in all ten cases on T1-weighted MRI. In five cases an avulsion fracture was also found on T1-weighted MRI. On T2-weighted MRI, abnormal high-intensity areas were identified in or around the UCL. On T2-weighted MR arthrography images, extracapsular high-intensity areas, which represent extracapsular leakage, were found in four of five cases with avulsion fracture. At surgery, all these four cases showed avulsion fractures with instability; the other case had a fracture but it was stable and adherent to the humerus. On T2-weighted MR arthrography images, an extracapsular high-intensity area was found in one of the five cases without avulsion fracture. At surgery this patient had a complete tear of the UCL itself. CONCLUSION: MR arthrography provided additional information for evaluating the degree of UCL injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Kinetic chain contributions to elbow function and dysfunction in sports.

The elbow functions in throwing and other athletic activities as a link in the kinetic chain of force development, regulation, and transfer. Efficient function, with maximal performance and minimal injury risk, requires optimum activation of all the link in the kinetic chain. Injury is often associated with alterations in force production or regulation capabilities in links that may be distant to the site of injury. Evaluation of injured athletes should include screening examinations for these areas, and treatment and conditioning should also include these areas.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed2026

Comprehensive analysis of mRNA-microRNA-lncRNA expression profiles in post-traumatic elbow heterotopic ossification using RNA sequencing and experimental validation.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to profile the molecular signatures of post-traumatic elbow heterotopic ossification (HO) to identify key regulators and potential therapeutic targets. METHODS: Total RNA from post-traumatic elbow HO tissues (n=4) and normal bone tissues (n=6) was subjected to high-throughput sequencing to identify differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs), microRNAs (DEMs), and lncRNAs (DELs). Bioinformatics analyses included Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, protein-protein interaction network construction, and transcription factor (TF)-microRNA-mRNA network analysis. The expression trends of four most upregulated and four most downregulated DEGs were validated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: We identified 2,138 DEGs, 40 DEMs, and 905 DELs. DEGs were significantly enriched in biological process "bone mineralization," cellular component "plasma membrane," molecular function "integrin binding," and pathways including PI3K-Akt, NF-κB, JAK-STAT, and TNF signaling pathways. Hub genes with high connectivity included MMP9, IL6, MMP3, CTSK, and BGLAP. Integrated network analysis highlighted the transcription factor JUN and key microRNAs (hsa-miR-124-3p, hsa-miR-548c-3p, and hsa-miR-135b). The qRT-PCR results confirmed the expression trends of selected DEGs. CONCLUSIONS: This study, for the first time, profiled the differentially expressed mRNAs, microRNAs, and lncRNAs in post-traumatic elbow HO using high-throughput RNA sequencing. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of HO following elbow trauma. The identified hub genes (MMP9, IL6, MMP3, CTSK, and BGLAP), key TF (JUN), and key microRNAs (hsa-miR-124-3p, hsa-miR-548c-3p, and hsa-miR-135b) may serve as potential therapeutic targets for preventing and treating post-traumatic elbow HO.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Critical displacement of neural injuries in supracondylar humeral fractures in children.

To investigate a relation between the degree of initial fracture displacement and nerve complication, 53 consecutive acute extension-type supracondylar humeral fractures in children during 10 years were analyzed. From the initial roentgenographs, the direction and degree of displacement of each fracture were plotted on the coronal two-dimensional coordinates at the fracture site. The degree of displacement was represented by a diameter of the humeral shaft. Of 53 fractures, 42 were displaced. Six patients had nerve injuries, representing an 11.3% incidence of neurologic complication. Their displacements were >90% of the diameter of the shaft. Predictive negative and positive displacements of the median nerve were <90% of the diameter and >150% of that in posterolaterally displaced fractures, respectively. Those of radial nerve were <130% and >190% in posteromedially displaced fractures, respectively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Injury patterns of female competitive club gymnasts.

Gymnast and injury information on 178 competitive female gymnasts was collected through questionnaires and interviews in a 3-year prospective epidemiologic study. The injury rate was 30/100 gymnasts/year, .52 injuries/1000 h. Injury rates excluding risk exposure increased with competitive level, but the top level gymnasts had the lowest rate per 1000 h of practice. Fractures of the wrist, fingers and toes were most common, followed by sprains of ankle and knee. Nearly 40% of the sudden-onset injuries occurred in the floor event. 'Missed move' was most frequently cited as the injury mechanism, while somersaults and handsprings were the most injury-producing moves. Most injuries happened with moves that were basic or moderately difficult and well-established. There was an increased chance of injury when the gymnast had been on the apparatus for an extended period of time. One major source of injury is loss of concentration, and a key to injury prevention may be the reorganization of the practice session.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Overuse injury syndromes of the hand, forearm and elbow].

The basic role of the shoulder, upper arm, elbow, forearm, and wrist is to place the hand in the appropriate position, so that it can fulfill its function. The upper extremity, especially the wrist and the hand, has a very complex anatomy with a large number of bones, muscles, tendons and nerves. They are essential to work and sport activities and are subject to acute and/or chronic mechanical injuries. This is why overuse injuries are the most common in these regions. They are often characterised by tendinitis, tenosynovitis, tunnel syndromes, or stress fractures. This paper gives an overview of the most common overuse syndromes of the hand, wrist, forearm and elbow, describing their characteristic symptoms and methods of diagnosis and treatment. The syndromes are trigger finger, dorsal radiocarpal impingement syndrome (gymnast's wrist), DeQuervain's disease, tenosynovitis of other dorsal compartments, intersection syndrome (oarsman's wrist), flexor carpi ulnaris tendinitis, flexor carpi radialis tendonitis, humeral epicondylitis (tennis elbow), posterior impingement syndrome of the elbow, medial tension and lateral compression syndrome, stress fracture in the hand, wrist, forearm and elbow, and tunnel syndromes.

Cumulative Trauma Disorders↗
PubMed1982

1086 consecutive injuries caused by glass.

A prospective study of 1086 consecutive injuries caused by glass showed that the mean age of the patients was 15 years and there was a 7 : 3 male to female ratio. The home (35 per cent), public places (31.3 per cent) and places of work (21.1 per cent) were the main locations where these accidents occurred. Although most of the injuries were mild, 3 case histories illustrate that some of them were extremely serious. 4.6 per cent of patients requiring immediate admission to hospital. Extrapolation of the figures indicates that approximately 210,000 people attend hospital each year in England and Wales for treatment of an injury caused by glass. The annual cost to the National Health Service is about 7,500,000 pounds but the full financial implications of these injuries in terms of compensation and insurance payments must be much greater. Suggestions are made of ways to reduce the incidence of these injuries from road traffic accidents and accidents with plate glass and glass containers.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1988

Fractures of the proximal end of the radius associated with other traumatic lesions of the upper limb. A report of seventy-three cases.

Closed isolated fractures of the radial head should be considered and managed in a different way from those associated with other traumatic lesions of the upper extremity. The recommended treatment for the radial head is early motion, with or without internal fixation or arthroplasty. For this to be achieved, surgical fixation of most of the associated fractures, and surgical repair of serious damage to capsular and ligamentous structures, should be performed. Indications are proposed, according to the results of a series of 73 cases which are compared with our series of 168 observations on isolated radial head fractures.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed2004

Nonunions of the humerus.

Humerus fractures comprise 5% to 8% of all fractures. Nonunions are uncommon, but when they occur, they present a challenge to the orthopaedic surgeon and often are debilitating to patients. There are risk factors that may predispose patients to nonunion. Many methods of treating these nonunions have been described with varying degrees of success. We review the literature concerning the treatment of proximal, midshaft, and distal humeral nonunions and describe our treatment protocol based on the literature.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMed2006

Monteggia fracture dislocation in a neonate resulting from birth trauma: a case report.

Birth-related injuries in an uncommon location may be missed initially and may result in significant morbidity. We report for the first time a case of a Monteggia fracture dislocation in a neonate resulting from birth trauma. The delayed presentation at 7 days made open reduction necessary in this otherwise nonoperatively managed injury because of the accelerated rate of bony union in infants. All high-risk births, including 2nd-born twins, should be thoroughly screened to avoid initial misdiagnosis.

Birth Injuries↗