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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Computerized tomography of liver in alveolar echinococcosis treated with albendazole].

Eleven cases of alveolar echinococcosis were examined by using computerized tomographic (CT) scanning of liver 2-7 years after long-term continuous albendazole therapy. In seven cases the hepatic lesion was almost completely calcified and cured in three cases incomplete calcification of the peripheral margin of the hepatic lesion was observed. CT scanning of the remaining in effective case showed active lesion with heterogenous hypodense areas in the liver without calcification on the peripheral margin. Long-term continuous albendazole therapy can be lethal to the parasite.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unexpected cytological diagnosis of two cases of echinococcosis.

The Authors report two cases of hydatid cysts localized in the soft tissues of the thigh and in para-renal region respectively. In both cases the cystic nature of the lesion was revealed by echography while the common serologic and hematologic preoperative tests did not show pathologic values. The working diagnosis was traumatic or developmental lesion and the patients were undergone to fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology which permitted to make the unexpected diagnosis of hydatid cysts. The enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for echinococcus, done at the time in monitoring the disease, was positive only in one case. Although the routine use of FNA cytology for the diagnosis of echinococcosis should be discouraged, this procedure may represent a real aid in the definitive diagnose of clinically unsuspected hydatid cysts.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Primary diagnosis of soft tissue echinococcosis by aspiration cytology.

A case of hydatid cyst of soft tissue diagnosed by Fine needle aspiration of a cyst is reported. The patient presented with gradually increasing swelling in the anterior-inferior aspect of shoulder. The provisional clinical diagnosis of cold-abscess shoulder was made, patient was referred for Fine needle aspiration cytology (F.N.A.C.). Swelling was aspirated by 23-gauge needle obtaining 1.5 ml of blood-mixed fluid. Smears of fluid showed protoscolices, fully developed scolices with rostellum and scattered hooklets, pathognomonic of Echinococcosis. Histopathologic examination of surgically removed cyst showed chronically inflamed echinococcal cyst. No complication was observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Echinococcus granulosus (Taeniidae) and autochthonous echinococcosis in a North American horse.

We report the first documented case of autochthonous echinococcosis in a horse of North American origin. Three fully mature and viable unilocular hydatid cysts of Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786) were an incidental finding at necropsy in the liver of a 14-yr-old gelding thoroughbred that had been foaled in Virginia and raised in Maryland. Protoscolices were armed with 2 rows of 28-37 rostellar hooks; small hooks measured 23-30 microns; large hooks measured 26-33 microns. Morphologically, these were compatible with rostellar armature considered typical for the equine strain of E. granulosus currently known primarily from the United Kingdom. This horse had a history of fox hunting, and huntsman at some premises in the region are known to feed uncooked viscera from horse carcasses to their dogs. These factors would support maintenance of infection by E. granulosus in equine hosts. The putative introduction and establishment of the equine strain of E. granulosus and recognition of endemic equine hydatid disease in the eastern U.S.A. warrants monitoring and additional investigation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The enhanced bioavailability of mebendazole in echinococcosis patients when used with Essentiale].

Mebendasole is better absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract if administered together with essential to patients with hydatid disease. Thirty-four patients with alveolar and hydatid echinococcosis were administered mebendasol in a daily dose of 50 mg/kg in 4 doses and essentiale in a daily dose of 600-1000 mg in 4 doses. A total of 86 therapeutic courses, 30 days each, were carried out. The treatment was sufficiently well tolerated. Mebendasole levels in the course of therapy surpassed the minimal effective ones in 2/3 of the patients, that is, they were significantly higher than in administration of mebendasole alone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Surgical management of liver echinococcosis].

In the last ten years 62 patients were operated on by the authors because of liver echinococcosis. Each of the infections caused by echinococcus granulosus. In the course of the examination ultrasonography, abdominal X-ray, Casoni test and ELISA were used. Angiography and ERCP were applied only to answer special questions. The echinococcus cysts were removed in 15 cases by atypical liver resection, in 42 cases by pericystectomy and in 5 cases by partial cystectomy using the Pringle's manoeuvre in all of them. Operative mortality was 3.22%. Jaundice was observed in three cases, fever in five cases, wound infection in two cases. Reoperations had to be performed in two cases. All of the patients were treated postoperatively with mebendasol (Vermox). Recurrence of the infection could not be observed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging in alveolar echinococcosis of bone.

We report two cases of alveolar echinococcosis (AE) of the bone, and present the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of these surgically proven cases of AE of the ilium and clavicle. CT and MR imaging showed destruction of the ilium and clavicle, and numerous cysts of the bone and surrounding tissues. Moreover, CT and MR imaging clearly demonstrated spread of the parailiac region and superior mediastinum. CT and MR imaging were very useful in determining the extent of surgery. Our experience suggested that CT and MR imaging are complementary studies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The surgical procedure in hepatic echinococcosis].

Results of operations on 252 patients with echinococcosis of the liver are analyzed. Closed hydatidectomy was performed in 166 (65.87%) patients, semi-closed one--in 14 (5.56%), pericystectomy--in 16 (6.35%), ideal hydatidectomy--in 12 (4.76%), resection of the liver with removal of the echinococcus cyst--in 9 (3.5%) and percutaneous transhepatic drainage of the cyst--in 7 (2.78%) patients. Postoperative complications were noted in 25 patients; suppurations of the residual cavity--in 17 patients; external bile fistulas--in 5 patients; subdiaphragmatic abscess--in 2, reactive pleurisy--in 1 patient. The least amount of complications followed closed hydatidectomy in 4 patients (2.44%).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The "dangerous fox tapeworm" (Echinococcus multilocularis) and alveolar echinococcosis of humans in central Europe].

According to the present status of knowledge, endemic Echinococcus multilocularis infections in foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are known to occur in the following countries of Central Europe: Belgium (southern parts), Luxembourg, France (Massif Central and eastern parts), Switzerland (21 of 26 cantons) Liechtenstein, Austria (6 of 9 provinces), Germany (812 of 16 federal states), and Poland (northern parts). The prevalence rates of E. multilocularis are highly variable regionally and range between > 1 and > 50%. Dogs and cats are rarely infected (mostly < 1%). The incidence of human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is low in the Central European endemic area with 0.02-1.4 new cases per year and 100,000 inhabitants. While in untreated patients the disease is mostly lethal (lethality up to > 90%) and treatment requires high expenditure, AE is of higher public health significance than indicated by the incidence rates. In addition to these aspects diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis in final hosts (dogs, cats) and preventive measures for humans are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Clinical significance of serological diagnosis with ELISA and Western blotting in alveolar echinococcosis of the liver].

Alveolar Echinococcosis of the Liver (AEL) usually progresses to a fatal outcome, because of invasion to adjacent structures and distant metastasis. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a diagnostic method for early detection of AEL and post-operative surveillance. Serological tests with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western-blotting (WB) had been carried out mainly in our mass screening, but the clinical significance of immuno-diagnosis has not been clarified adequately. The present study described the results of the screening carried out from 1986 to 1994 and also investigated the sero-reactivity and the changes of immune response in 81 patients and the 1,244 people excluded from screening. 42 cases (3%) out of 2,084 sero-positive people screened with ELISA were diagnosed with AEL. Western-blotting was tested at the same time in 845 of the excluded people, and positive results were observed in 172 (20%). On the other hand, ELISA showed positive results in 67 (87%) out of 77 patients with AEL including non-screened cases. WB showed abnormal sero-reactivity in 52 (96%) out of 54 patients, with 48 testing positive and 4 pseudo-positive. The changes of the immune response after operation were evaluated by operative curability. In all cases with palliative operations, both ELISA and WB remained positive. However, in 14 out of 18 cases with complete resections, immune activity converted to being negative within 2 or 3 years. The results revealed that combined sero-diagnosis with ELISA and WB is useful for early diagnosis of AEL and the follow-up of patients after operation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Roentgenologic changes in pulmonary echinococcosis.

Radiologic changes seen in 420 cases of pulmonary echinococcosis are discussed. Criteria for early diagnosis of complicated, infected or ruptured cysts are described. The role and limitations of radiology in approaching the diagnosis of advanced stages of infected hydatid cysts of the lung are emphasized.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of liver echinococcosis].

The results of surgical treatment of more than 600 patients with liver echinococcosis are analysed. The accuracy of ultrasound in diagnosis of the character of the damage is 88%; the combination of ultrasound methods with serology tests and computer tomography has increased the accuracy to 98-100%. New treatment approaches have been proposed depending on a character, location and extent of liver damage. The improvement of surgical technique made it possible to decrease the frequency of postoperative morbidity to 17.4% and mortality-to 3%.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1977

[Autochthonous cases of cranial echinococcosis].

The above case-report of Echinococcosis involving the vault presents some noteworthy features, namely:--its occurence in a patient who has never left continental France;--it represents a vault localisation in which, despite the large size attained by the cyst, the latter has remained well-circumscribed;--X-ray examination revealed important condensation reactions without newbone formation and calcification of the cyst wall.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgery and outcome of alveolar echinococcosis of the liver: historical comparison of mass screening systems in Japan.

The prognosis of patients with alveolar echinococcosis of the liver (AEL) is excellent when the lesions were completely resected, suggesting the significance of mass screening systems. We investigated resectability and prognosis of the disease with historical comparison of screening systems. The patients were classified into three groups: Group A (n = 63) detected by the current screening system, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and ultrasonography, since December 1984; Group B (n = 39), detected by a serological screening system performed between 1974 and 1984; and Group C (n = 64), non-screened patients accidentally discovered. The lesions at an early stage were most frequently found in group A, and the complete resection was performed at 74.6% in A, 41.0% in B, and 18.8% in C (p < 0.0008). Five-year survival rate was 100% in A, 74.0% in B, and 69.5% in C, with a significant intergroup difference (p < 0.05). The current system facilitates early diagnosis of the disease, contributing to its resectability and to a better outcome.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

[A patient with alveolar echinococcosis (Echinococcus multilocularis infection].

In a 45-year-old Swiss male, who had been living in the Netherlands for 20 years, alveolar echinococcosis was diagnosed. He had probably been infected during his youth in Switzerland. His illness became symptomatic more than 20 years later. The diagnosis was reached by microscopic examination of material obtained from a necrotic mass in the liver. Imaging revealed that the disease had spread diffusely throughout the liver, spleen and abdomen. Curative resection was impossible. Percutaneous drainage of the hepatic necrotic mass was complicated by a bacterial infection for which he was treated with antibiotics. Treatment with high doses of albendazole resulted in considerable improvement. The patient represents the first case of Echinococcus multilocularis infection diagnosed in the Netherlands.

Albendazole↗
PubMed1997

Increased basal production of interleukin-10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in human alveolar echinococcosis.

The secretion of IL-10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and the expression of IL-10 mRNA in fractionated CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte subsets and non-B-non-T cells, with and without stimulation by the mitogen phytohemagglutinin-C (PHA-C) and specific Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis) antigens, were assessed in 7 patients with alveolar echinococcosis (AE) and 6 healthy subjects. Results of studies on IL-10 were compared to those on IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-5 in the same patients and control subjects. IL-10 production was significantly higher in patient PBMC-culture supernatants than in the control group supernatants, both at the basal level and after mitogen or specific E. multilocularis antigen stimulation. Both CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte populations and non-B-non-T cells of AE patients and controls expressed IL-10 mRNA. Semi-quantification of IL-10 mRNA revealed a significantly higher transcript level in unstimulated-CD8+ T cells from AE patients in comparison with CD8+ T cells of healthy donors. PBMC from patients produced very low levels of IL-4 but the production of IFN-gamma was not significantly depressed compared to the controls. PBMC, isolated from 4 AE patients and 4 control subjects stimulated with specific E. multilocularis antigens, secreted IL-5; IL-5 mRNA was only detected in the CD4+ lymphocyte subset. The secretion of IL-5 and the expression of IL-5 mRNA in healthy subjects could be due to the presence of non-specific mitogenic parasitic factors. This non-specific mitogenic activity of the parasite, besides inducing a high secretion of IL-10 in patients with evolutive AE, may contribute to the lack of host control of parasite growth and to the persistence of granulomatous lesions, due to the inhibition of an efficient Th1 immune response.

Adult↗