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PubMed1980

[Effect of tetragastrin on electrical and contractile activities of the canine stomach and duodenum (author's transl)].

The effect of tetragastrin on stomach and duodenum in conscious dogs was studied by using bipolar electrodes and strain gauges. (1) The basal electric rhythm interval of stomach and duodenum became short under the administration of gastrin and it's changes were the same in cases of fasting or feeding as well as medical vagotomy. Also the response was found to be dependent on it's dosage. (2) Gastrin had no constant effect on the propagation velocity of stomach. (3) The basal electric rhythm interval at maximum point of the shortening after the intramuscular injection of 4 micrograms/kg of gastrin, was roughly equal with the interval of animals having the continuous intravenous infusion 5 micrograms/kg/h of gastrin. The shortening of the basal electric rhythm interval was recognized for 60--90 minutes. (4) Gastrin changed the pattern of contractile activities of the stomach from that of a fasted condition to a regular contraction which is usually recognized after meals. The strength of regular contraction of the stomach was dependent on the dosage of gastrin. (5) The maximum driven frequencies were slightly reduced during gastrin stimulation, compared to normal stomach frequencies.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Histology and mucosubstances histochemistry of the duodenum in suckling, prepuberal and puberal zebus (Bos indicus).

The histological and morphometric changes as well as the mucosubstances histochemistry of the zebu duodenum were studied in suckling, prepuberal and puberal zebus. The morphometric data indicate that this organ reaches maturity at 13 months of age. The duodenal glands are simple or ramified tubular presenting cells of various morphological types. They secrete less sialomucin associated to neutral mucosubstances in the glandular body than at base and ducts. The goblet cells elaborate neutral mucosubstances and sialomucin. No qualitative changes in the secretion of the goblet cells and duodenal glands were found in the duodenum of zebus suggesting that the production of mucosubstances is not associated to age or feeding habits.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Crohn's disease in endoscopic biopsies of the gastric antrum and duodenum.

Forty-five patients with Crohn's disease in whom the upper gastrointestinal tract was normal by x-ray were examined by gastroduodenoscopy. Biopsies were analyzed histologically from the lower esophagus, body of the stomach, gastric antrum and duodenal bulb. Cell counts were made of 500 connective tissue cells of the duodenal mucosa. Histological examinations and cell counts of the duodenal mucosa were also performed on 50 healthy volunteers used as controls. Histological lesions were found in 19 Crohn's disease cases; 11 (24%) were considered pathologically diagnostic and all these were found in the antrum or duodenum. In 11 the mucosa was endoscopically normal. Granulomas were present in three cases (7%), all from normal appearing mucosa. Microscopic alterations of the antrum and duodenum, similar to findings in the normal appearing rectal mucosa, support the concept that Crohn's disease involves the entire alimentary canal and that lesions are seen grossly only where the disease is most advanced.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1978

[Use of the duodenum in demolition surgery of the stomach. Reconversion gastroduodenostomy in post-resection syndromes following Billroth II operations].

Stress is laid on the importance in digestive and absorptive physiology. The methods used for the re-insertion of the duodenum in the digestive circuit in the surgical correction of servious post-Billroth II syndromes are explained. Direct duodenal reconversion by means of the transformation of gastrojejunostomy into gastroduodenostomy is recommended in the light of results obtained in 25 cases of p.o.p.u., dumping syndrome, inflammation of the anastomosis, and ALS. It is suggested that jejunal interposition should be kept for cases in which the particular shortness of the gastric stump makes simple re-insertion of the duodenum into the stomach impracticable.

Duodenum↗
PubMed1980

"Melanosis" of the duodenum associated with a gastric ulcer and folic acid deficiency.

Melanosis involving the duodenum is extremely rare. We present endoscopic, microscopic, and histochemical studies of a patient with melanosis of the duodenum associated with a gastric ulcer and a folic acid deficiency. The pigment is similar to that observed in melanosis coli and histochemically does not stain like melanin or lipofuscin. The pigment disappeared with correction of the folate deficiency and healing of the gastric ulcer, suggesting a possible relationship with these entities.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Signal transducing mechanisms coupled to histamine H3 receptors and alpha-2 adrenoceptors in the guinea pig duodenum: possible involvement of N-type Ca++ channels.

The signaling pathways following histamine H3 receptor activation by (R)alpha-methylhistamine (MHA) have been examined in the isolated guinea pig duodenum, in which selective excitation of cholinergic neurons was induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS). The effect of MHA on electrically evoked contractions was compared with that induced by the alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist clonidine (CLON). The inhibitory effect of MHA on EFS-induced contractions was significantly reduced by increasing CA++ content in the nutrient fluid from 2.5 to 5 mM and by the Ca++ agonist Bay K 8644 (10(-8) M); conversely, the effect of MHA was significantly enhanced by lowering Ca++ content in the medium (from 2.5 to 1.25 mM) and by the N-type Ca++ channel blocker omega-conotoxin (CTX) (10(-8) M). The L-type Ca++ channel blocker nifedipine (NIF) (10(-7) M) did not modify the effect of MHA, although it significantly reduced both EFS- and exogenous acetylcholine (ACH)-induced contractions. Similar to MHA, the inhibitory effect elicited by CLON was enhanced by low external Ca++ and by CTX, but it was slightly affected by the compound Bay K 8644 (10(-7) M) or by high Ca++ concentrations (5 mM) and it was unaffected by NIF. 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) (10(-4) M) reduced the effects of both MHA and CLON. The present data indicate that histamine H3 receptor activation in electrically stimulated duodenum is closely associated with a restriction of Ca++ access into the nerve terminal through N-type Ca++ channels; the same mechanism appears to be responsible for the inhibitory effect induced by alpha-2 adrenoceptor activation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethy↗
PubMed1995

[Morphometric study of somatostatin-producing "D" cells in duodenum and pancreas of the rat, following experimental antrectomy].

Given the inhibition of gastric secretion by the "D" cells producing somatostatin in antral mucosa, as well as evidence of disorders of the postprandial blood glucose after antrectomy, we may expect as a result of the antral resection a series of modifications in the content of the "D" cells in duodenum and pancreas. The study group was made up of 30 Sprague-Dawley albino rats, distributed in 3 groups as follows: Billroth I, Billroth II and laparotomy. The "D" cell study and the morphometric analysis after immunohistochemical avidin-biotin, was carried out with an automatic image analyzer and a morphometric calculation program. The results show that: the "D" cell population decreased significantly in the B-II group while the number of pancreatic islets and the average insular surface, did not show significantly differences in the tree groups, the relationship of the average insular surface with respect to the pancreas, decreased significantly in the two groups with antrectomy, expressing a hyperplasia of the exocrine pancreas and that the number of insular "D" cells decreased significantly in the B-II group and didn't change in the B-I group. These findings suggest that antrectomy, originates an increase of the exocrine pancreas and that antrectomy with gastrojejunal anastomosis excluding the duodenum, decreases the number of duodenal "D" cells and number of "D" cells of the pancreatic islets.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Melanin-like pigmentation of the duodenum.

We report a case of brown-black pigmentation of the duodenum found in an elderly female during endoscopy for unrelated reasons. Melanin-like pigmentation of the duodenum is a rare endoscopic entity of uncertain etiology and significance. Various theories related to the etiology and pathogenesis, as well as histochemical and electron microscopic characteristics, are discussed.

Duodenal Diseases↗
PubMed1993

[Traumas of the duodenum].

The aim of this study is to present current management of duodenal trauma. Duodenal lesions following penetrating injuries are rare, but more serious, than those following blunt injuries. the severity is mostly due to delay in the diagnosis and associated intraabdominal injuries. Diagnosis is based on abdominal plain film, gastroduodenography, and more recently US scan and CT-scan. Surgical procedures depend on the type of lesion. In patients operated early, a duodenal wound can be treated by suture-closure with duodenal decompression tube. If suture-closure is not available, with a wound affecting proximal or distal duodenum, resection with anastomosis can be performed. In the second portion of the duodenum, the best treatment is a jejunal plasty with a Roux-en-Y loop. When there is an associated pancreatic injury, treatment depends on whether biliary or pancreatic ducts are injured, and a pancreatico-duodenectomy could be necessary. In patients operated on later, closure with duodenal exclusion by diverticulization is associated due to the high risk of leaking.

Duodenal Diseases↗
PubMed1994

Antacid activity of calcium carbonate and hydrotalcite tablets. Comparison between in vitro evaluation using the "artificial stomach-duodenum" model and in vivo pH-metry in healthy volunteers.

Antacid activity of calcium carbonate (CAM, Rennie) and of hydrotalcite (HYD) containing tablets has been assessed in vitro using computer-controlled "artificial stomach-duodenum" model, including or not a piece of hog gastric mucosa in the gastric reservoir, and simulating the constant flux system or the normal gastroduodenal flux regulation. The data obtained under the latter condition were compared to those obtained in vivo by pH-metry in 12 healthy volunteers, in response to one administration of 2 tablets. The theoretical maximal capacity was similar when 1 tablet of CAM or of HYD was added to the gastric contents, including or not a piece of gastric mucosa, close to 95 H+ mmol. The reduction of acid load penetrating into the duodenum and the duodenal pH were of the same magnitude in response to both antacids. When normal gastroduodenal flux regulation was simulated, a dose-response curve, constructed by 1, 2 or 3 tablets, resulted in the same antacid characteristics in response to both antacids. The maximal gastric and the mean duodenal pH values obtained with CAM were, however, higher than with HYD, corresponding to a greater neutralizing activity developed by CAM than by HYD. The comparison between in vivo administration of two tablets of each antacid and the in vitro model simulating normal gastroduodenal flux regulation in response to the addition of two tablets resulted in similar data. The maximal pH values obtained in in vivo assays were slightly lower than in vitro, depending on the ratio of antacid amount to gastric acid content, well established in in vitro conditions and unknown in in vivo situations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Essential fatty acid-deficient diet modifies PAF levels in stomach and duodenum of endotoxin-treated rats.

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is thought to play an important role in pathogenesis of endotoxin shock. Here, using essential fatty acid deficient (EFAD) rats, we have evaluated changes in mean arterial blood pressure, PAF levels and damage in both stomach and duodenum following intravenous administration of endotoxin (LPS). In EFAD rats the second phase of LPS-induced hypotension was strongly reduced. Similarly, PAF levels in stomach and duodenum of EFAD rats were also reduced and correlated to the diminished damage. Our study confirms a direct involvement of PAF in LPS-induced gastrointestinal damage.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The role of the liver, kidney and duodenum in tolerance in the copper-loaded rat.

The purpose of this study was to help characterize the pathway of copper in the liver, kidney and duodenum during copper loading and unloading in the rat. Male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into four groups: Group A (control) was composed of 16 animals fed a normal rodent diet. Group B had 16 animals fed a high copper diet (1500 ppm copper). Four rats from each group were killed at 1, 5, 10 and 15 weeks. Group C had 4 animals fed the high copper diet for 5 weeks and normal diet for 5 weeks. Group D consisted of 4 animals fed the high copper diet for 5 weeks, normal diet for 5 weeks, followed by 5 weeks of high copper diet. At termination of each experimental period liver, kidney and duodenum were collected for histochemistry and copper analysis by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Hepatic copper concentration in Group B rose to 726 +/- 170 micrograms/g after 5 weeks; renal and duodenal copper levels were 285 +/- 14 micrograms/g and 134 +/- 49 micrograms/g, respectively. A significant (P < 0.005) decrease in copper concentration was observed after 15 weeks in all three organs. Duodenal copper concentration in group C was similar to control rats. Changes in copper tissue distribution and efficient unloading were demonstrated in all copper-loaded groups in the three organs studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Studies of experimental model of reflux esophagitis in rats by ligature on both lower portion of duodenum and most of forestomach].

It has been well established that reflux of gastroduodenal contents causes reflux esophagitis. Experimental model of reflux esophagitis in rats was devised by 24hrs ligature on both lower portion of duodenum and most of forestomach. Erosion of esophageal mucosa and thickening of esophageal wall developed in macroscopic findings. Histologically, many neutrophils were found from lamina propria to muscular layer, mainly in lamina propria. Edema and thickening of submucosal layer developed in cases with 24hrs ligature. These severe inflammatory changes in submucosal layer suggested that it caused thickening of esophageal wall. Bile reflux was found in gastric contents of this model. No mucosal lesions were found in cases with ligature on lower portion of duodenum. Findings in this experimental model of reflux esophagitis suggested significant roles of gastric juice and bile acids in the pathogenesis of reflux esophagitis. This model was thought to be useful for studies of pathophysiology of reflux esophagitis caused by reflux of gastroduodenal contents.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Helicobacter pylori in mucous membrane of stomach and duodenum of patients with symptoms of ulceration and dyspepsia].

The material consisted of samples of mucous membrane of stomach and duodenum obtained during endoscopy in patients with clinical symptoms of peptic ulcer of stomach or the duodenum or with dyspeptic problems. Samples were tested for presence of H. pylori by culture on brain-heart agar supplemented with 7% of horse blood. Direct test for urease production was also performed. Isolated strains were identified basing on morphology of growth, Gram-stained preparation, mobility of microorganism, production of oxidase, catalase and urease, and ability to agglutinate in immune goat serum for standard H. pylori strain. Out of tested 217 samples, positive result was obtained in 141 cases. Urease test was positive in 138 cases. Isolated strains were tested for susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials. They were all resistant to nalidixic acid and susceptible in 90-100% to cephalothin, furazolidone, gentamicin and ofloxacin.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Endo-lumen vaterian diverticulas of the duodenum].

The authors report an unusual personal case of a diverticulum of Vater projecting into the lumen of the duodenum. The authors comment on the clinical, pathological and pathogenic findings of this embryological abnormality. Finally, they recall a few rules to avoid operative complications by a routine search for the ratios between the diverticulum of the duodenum and the papilla or the bile and pancreatic ducts.

Ampulla of Vater↗
PubMed1993

[Ganglioneuroma of the duodenum].

Ganglioneuroma is an exceptional benign tumour of the duodenum and only three cases have been described previously. We report the case of a 71-year-old male in whom this pathology was incidentally discovered, as it usually happens with this type of tumour. Within rare duodenal nonepithelial tumours, gangliocytic paraganglioma is a fairly well defined entity characterized by a proliferation of neurons, Schwann cells, and endocrine-like epithelial cells. Ganglioneuroma lacks this last type of cells and represents and even rarer finding within tumoral pathology of the duodenum. The histopathogenesis of this tumor is discussed and there are theories that defend an hamartomatous origin against a neoplastic nature.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antacid activity of citrate-bicarbonate complex of effervescent formulations of ranitidine. In vitro analysis using 'artificial stomach-duodenum' model].

Antacid activity supported by citrate-bicarbonate complex of four effervescent ranitidine forms has been assessed in vitro using an 'artificial stomach-duodenum' model controlled by microcomputer. This model allows (i) maintenance of constant the rates of the fluxes throughout the experiments or (ii) simulation of gastroduodenal flux regulation, in the normal subject (NS) or in the duodenal ulcer patient (DU) situation. The four forms developed a theoretical maximal antacid capacity between 61 and 81 mmol with a maximum intragastric pH between 3.2 and 4.8. In the gastroduodenal flux regulation simulation, antacid activity duration was rapid and included between 85 and 118 min in NS situation (50 to 56 mmol H+ consumed) and between 75 and 93 min in DU situation (43 to 47 mmol H+ consumed). The reduction of acid load penetrating into the duodenum was contained between 36 and 50 per cent. Effervescent compounds exerted a neutralising activity and a buffering capacity close to pH 6.0 (5 per cent of total antacid capacity), related to antacid potency.

Antacids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Solitary Peutz-Jeghers type polyp of the duodenum containing a focus of adenocarcinoma.

The case of an 84-year-old woman with evidence of continuous gastrointestinal bleeding is presented. A barium study and endoscopy showed a 25 x 20 mm sized semipedunculated polyp in the second portion of the duodenum. No other lesion was found throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract, and endoscopic resection of the duodenal polyp was performed. The resected polyp showed typical histologic features of a Peutz-Jeghers type hamartomatous polyp, although the patient lacked any familial history and signs related to the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. A focus of adenocarcinoma was also found within the polyp. The present case would appear to be the first demonstration of a solitary Peutz-Jeghers type hamartomatous polyp of the duodenum containing a focus of adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗