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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Effects of tretinoin on photodamaged skin. A histologic study.

The histologic effects of topical tretinoin therapy on photodamaged facial skin were investigated in two 24-week, double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled studies involving 533 subjects at eight US centers. Three concentrations of tretinoin (0.05%, 0.01%, and 0.001%) in a new emollient cream were studied. Pretherapy and posttherapy biopsy specimens from the periorbital (crow's foot) area were examined by conventional light microscopy and computerized image analysis. Four significant dose-dependent differences from vehicle were found in the tretinoin groups: increased epidermal thickness, increased granular layer thickness, decreased melanin content, and stratum corneum compaction. There was no significant difference between 0.001% tretinoin and the vehicle, and no obvious dermal changes were detected in any group. The four epidermal changes in tretinoin-treated skin establish the biologic activity of the new emollient cream formulation and may partially account for the clinical improvements in photodamage observed in the same group of subjects.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1990

[The genetic-demographic approach in anthropological research. VII. The influence of the social environment on the indices of the reproductive function in Khakass women].

The biodemographic parameters showing the influence of social factors upon the different elements of population and family structure are considered. It has been shown that the semi-generation time interval which corresponds to the duration of the active reproductive period of the generation is worth using to reveal the mechanisms of the social adaptation of the population. It has been found that socially determined differential fertility of families and genetically determined mortality in perinatal period are now the main components of the potential selection (index Crow).

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Toward a dialectic concept in psychiatry].

It is intended to define dialectics, and then to follow its evolution from its origin in the pre-Socratic philosophy up to its culmination in Hegel. It is then postulated its importance for the better understanding of the vital history, of the endogenous or functional psychoses and of the classical types of personality in its relation with the fundamental psychopathological structures. With respect to the first one, dialectic thinking would allow to understand vital history as the unfolding in time of a consciousness that is being splinted in contradictions of increasing tension up to its resolution in a failure (disease) or in a synthesis that implies a step forward in the maturation, plenitude or wisdom. With respect to the second one, the great psychoses could be seen as dialectic polarities, both within themselves (mania versus depression, type I versus type II of Crow), and of a group with respect of the other (affective diseases versus schizophrenic diseases). What is schizophrenic and what is depressive appear as polar ones both in the previous personality and in the outbreaking situations, both in the symptomatology as in the evolution. In the third place, dialectics would also allow to conceive the most classic types of personality as ordered in polarities (schizoid-depressive, hysterical-obsessive), in which the poles simultaneously attract and repel themselves, so that each one can be seen as a positivity with respect to the other one. The deviation towards a pole of the alternative does not need to be seen as a lack, but as a dynamic displacement of the existence against the other pole of the alternative. Finally, the author proposes a scheme on the interrelation between the mentioned four structures and the more frequent psychiatric syndromes.

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMed1990

[Genetic and ecologic study of aboriginal inhabitants of the Siberian northeast. III. Demographic structure of three modern population links of Yakutia].

Demographic data of genetic interest were studied in three separate populations of Tungus-speaking Evens. They are characterized as expanding populations, rather as a result of migration and admixture, than due to natural increase. The mean and variance of livebirths per female, whose reproduction was completed, were 7.23 and 13.07, respectively. The Crow's index of the opportunity for selection (It) and its components (Im and If) were found to be 0.62, 0.30 and 0.25, respectively. The values of Im and If appeared to be essentially lower than those previously found in other northern populations.

Demography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dialectic and psychiatry].

A definition of Dialectics is intended. Its evolution is furthered on--from its originating in the pre-Socratic philosophy up to its culminating with Hegel. Its importance is then postulated for a better understanding of vital history, of endogenous or functional psychoses, as well as classical personality types in their relation with fundamental psychopathological structures. As regards the former, it is the author's contention that dialectical thinking should allow vital history to be understood as the unfolding in time of a consciousness more and more split into increasingly tensioned contradictions until its resolution into either a failure (i.e. disease) or into a synthesis implying a step forward towards maturation, plenitude, or wisdom. As far as endogenous or functional psychoses are concerned, great psychoses could be seen as dialectical polarities, either in themselves (mania v. depression, Crow's Type I v. Type II), or as a group facing another group (v.g. affective diseases v. schizophrenic diseases). What belongs to schizophrenia, and what belongs to depression appear as opposite poles both in previous personality, and the outbreaking situation, both in symptomatology, and evolution. Finally, Dialectics should also allow a conception of the highly classical personality types to be built, and ordered according to polarities (v.g. schizoid-depressive polarity, or hysterical-obsessive polarity) wherein each one may be seen as positive opposite the other one. Deviation towards one of the poles of such alternative need not be considered a deficiency but a dynamic displacement of existence against the opposite pole. A scheme of interrelationship among the aforementioned structures, and psychiatric syndromes likely to be more frequently found is proposed.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[Measurement of gamma-interferon in sera and CSF in patients with multiple sclerosis and inflammatory neurological diseases].

We examined whether gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN) can be detected in serum and CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory neurological diseases. Gamma-IFN was assayed by solid phase radioimmunoassay on the forward sandwich principle. In 7 serum samples in acute stage of multiple sclerosis without corticosteroid, in 2 CSF samples in acute stage, gamma-IFN was not detected. In stable stage there was no case with positive gamma-IFN. The patient with tuberculous meningitis showed high titer in CSF but not in serum. One case with herpes zoster meningitis, one case out of 2 aseptic encephalitis showed positive gamma-IFN in CSF. In one case with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, gamma-IFN was detected both in serum and CSF. One case with Neuro-Behçet syndrome showed positive gamma-IFN in CSF. No gamma-IFN was detected in 2 cases with Guillain-Barré syndrome, one case with Crow-Fukase syndrome, Fisher syndrome, 2 cases with polymyosits. gamma-IFN in CSF was detected in meningitis and encephalitis, but not in serum. This suggests that the locally infiltrating cells produce gamma-IFN. However, we could not detect gamma-IFN in either CSF or serum of patients with multiple sclerosis. Negative results of gamma-IFN in patients with multiple sclerosis can be interpreted in 2 ways. 1. The half life of gamma-IFN is very short in vivo, and the level of gamma-IFN may not be detected at the time of sampling. 2. Generalized augmentation of gamma-IFN production may not be observed but locally infiltrating cells or astrocytes might produce gamma-IFN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Behcet Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

The role of transvaginal ultrasound in a referral military hospital.

In an attempt to overcome some of the difficulties encountered with transabdominal ultrasonography we report on 55 patients who underwent 88 transvaginally directed sonograms. In 24 patients in whom a diagnosis of an early intrauterine pregnancy was made, the mean crow-rump length (CRL) was 10.7 mm (range, 3 to 27). In six patients (25%) the CRL was 5 mm or less. These data suggest that the use of transvaginally directed sonography may permit an earlier diagnosis of pregnancy than the abdominal approach does. This earlier diagnosis should allow the exclusion of ectopic pregnancy in many of the patients at risk for this disorder.

Female↗
PubMed1978

[Preliminary note on the circulation of some human respiratory viruses by wild birds].

With a view to detecting infections and carriage of human respiratory viruses in wild birds, 349 serum samples collected from 21 bird species -- sedentary ones and birds with large or limited migration areas -- were investigated. The following antigens were used: influenza virus A/Hong Kong 1/68 (H3N2)), A2 England 42/73 (H3N2), A2 Victoria 3/75 (H3N2), A/New Jersey 8/76 (HswN1), B/Hong Kong 5/72; parainfluenza virus type I Sendai and type II, coronavirus OC/43. An elevated incidence of antibodies to A2 Victoria 3/75 (H3N2) and parainfluenza type I virus was detected in herons (Ardea cinerea, Nyctycorax myctycorax). The high incidence of antibodies to B/Hong Kong 5/72 (30.7% of the samples exhibited significant titers) found in the crow (Corvus corone sardonius) is ascribed to the fact that this bird is carnivorus, feeding on corpses of mammals.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Contamination of some avian species with viruses of the leukosis-sarcoma complex.

Contamination of 8 avian species with leukosis viruses was studied. An insignificant portion of sera from 4 and 24 months old chickens contained neutralizing antibody to 3 sero-types (A, B and D) of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). Sera from guinea-fowl reacted positively in the neutralization test only with the RSV-RAV-1 strain. None of the Peking duck and semi-domestic Maran fowl sera was found to contain antibody to RSV strains. Twenty-five and 6.6% of embryos derived from 7-8 and 24 to 30 months old chickens respectively, 30% of liver specimens from 3-4 months old chickens 3.3% of liver specimens from adult guinea-fowl and 72% of liver specimens from Maran fowl contained the group-specific leukosis complement-fixing antigen (gs-antigen). Duck embryos and livers from 24-30 months old chickens, crows, sparrows, rooks or jackdaws contained no gs-antigen. Duck embryos did not react and ducklings reacted poorly to inoculation with RSV whereas guinea-fowl embryos and chickens proved to be highly susceptible to RSV.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Castleman's disease and related disorders.

Three disorders that bear the eponym of Castleman's disease (CD) are discussed. The localized CD of hyaline-vascular (HV) type features an architecturally abnormal, hypervascular lymphoid tissue with burned-out germinal centers, and presents as an asymptomatic, slowly growing mass. It may represent a lymphoid hyperplasia associated with excessive angiogenesis. The localized CD of plasma cell (PC) type, instead, features an architecturally recognizable lymph node with solid sheets of PCs and presents with systemic manifestations of inflammation and B cell hyperreactivity. It appears as a localized chronic reaction to unknown antigens. "Multicentric" CD indicates a clinicopathologic entity characterized by the histology of CD of "mixed" type, a predominantly lymphadenopathic presentation consistently involving peripheral nodes, manifestations of multisystem involvement, and an idiopathic nature. It is best considered as a systemic B cell lymphoproliferation, which probably arises in a setting of immunoregulatory deficit, and may result in the outgrowth of clonal B cell populations. An attempt is presented to place the latter two forms of CD in the larger perspective of idiopathic PC disorders, by taking into account both the nature of the diseases (hyperplastic, dysplastic, neoplastic) and the lymphocyte traffic system that is involved (bone marrow-bound, mucosa-associated or peripheral-node-bound). In such a scheme, localized CD, PC type, and multicentric CD appear as a hyperplastic and a dysplastic disorder, respectively, of peripheral-node-bound B cells, related to, and often associated with, primary nodal plasmacytoma and osteosclerotic myeloma (so-called POEMS, Takatsuki's or Crow-Fukase's syndrome).

Blood Vessels↗
PubMed1989

[The choice of incisions and myoplasties in face lifts].

The choice of the site of incision in facial and forehead face lifts is very important, as, apart from minimising the scars, it determines the absence of alteration in the hairline. This is particularly important in occipital and frontal regions but also in the "sideburns". After defining the incision, the surgeon must decide which platysma muscles must be used to correct frontal, horizontal or vertical wrinkles, crows feet or cervical folds. The author presents his experience and technical developments in these two fields.

Facial Muscles↗
PubMed1989

[A technic of fundus vagotomy].

High recurrence rates after fundic vagotomy are mainly related to incomplete vagotomy at the level of abdominal oesophagus or antrum. 5-7 cm of oesophagus must be denudated and 6-7 cm of the antrum are left innervated, the most proximal branch of the "crow's foot" being divided. Finally, anterior and posterior peritonealized surfaces are approximated with fundoplicature around the oesophagus.

Esophagus↗
PubMed1989

Spinal cord segments containing key elements of the central pattern generators for three forms of scratch reflex in the turtle.

The immobilized, low-spinal turtle produces 3 forms of the fictive scratch reflex in response to tactile stimulation of specific sites on its body surface (Robertson et al., 1985). We used complete transections of the spinal cord at different rostrocaudal levels to reveal the minimum length of spinal cord sufficient to produce each scratch form. Additional transections revealed the progressive loss of elements of the motor pattern and the eventual loss of rhythmogenesis. We have identified, therefore, spinal cord segments containing key elements of each scratch form's central pattern generator (CPG). The turtle spinal cord consists of 8 cervical segments (C1-C8), 10 dorsal segments (D1-D10), 2 sacral segments (S1, S2) and about 16 caudal segments (Ca1-Ca16; Kusuma et al., 1979). The cell bodies of motor neurons innervating the hindlimb muscles are located in the hindlimb enlargement, segments D8-S2 (Ruigrok and Crowe, 1984). The receptive field for the rostral scratch is innervated by segments D3-D6; the pocket scratch receptive field is innervated by segments D6-D8; the caudal scratch receptive field is innervated by segments S2, Ca1, and more caudal segments (Mortin and Stein, 1985). A rostral scratch motor pattern could be produced with as few as 5 or 6 segments, i.e., segments D5-D9 or D3-D8. The anterior 3 segments of the hindlimb enlargement, D8-D10, could produce a pocket scratch motor pattern. A single segment, either D7 or D8, is capable of rhythmogenesis in response to stimulation of sites in its part of the pocket receptive field. A caudal scratch motor pattern could be produced by D8-End (the hindlimb enlargement and more caudal segments). The posterior 40-80% of the hindlimb enlargement is not necessary for the production of a rostral or pocket motor pattern. The anterior segment of the enlargement is necessary for the production of a normal caudal scratch motor pattern. Key elements of the CPG for each of the 3 scratch forms reside in segments D7-D10. The pattern-generating capacity of the anterior half of the hindlimb enlargement is greater than the posterior half; such an asymmetric distribution of pattern-generating elements in the enlargement of the spinal cord has been described for cat scratching (Deliagina et al., 1983). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the CPGs producing different motor patterns for the hindlimb share neuronal elements (Grillner, 1981; Robertson et al., 1985; Currie and Stein, 1988, 1989).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Alternative treatment of patients with rheumatism. The extent, effect and utilization of resources].

An anonymous questionnaire investigation involving 393 rheumatological patients showed that 185 patients (47%) had tried alternative treatment (52% of the women and 33% of the men). The three forms of treatment most commonly employed were chiropractor treatment, zone therapy and acupuncture. The 185 patients had, on an average, tried 2.2 types of treatment and 30% had tried more than two forms of treatment. One third of the patients had tried alternative treatment before or simultaneously with medical treatment while the remaining 2/3 had received medical treatment from weeks up to several years. The sources of information about alternative treatment were, most frequently, friends and relatives (70%) while in 16%, the general practitioner was the source. Only 58% replied to the question about the effect of the alternative treatment. Out of these, 56% had experienced improvement, 41% stated that there was no effect and 2% stated that deterioration had occurred. On an average, the patients had employed 2,444 Danish crows (approximately 200 pounds) for the alternative treatment. In addition, 6% stated that had spent more than 10,000 Danish crowns (approximately 833 pounds). It is concluded that alternative treatment frequently constitutes a considerable economical stress for the patients. Greater frankness and a increased level of information about the alternative forms of treatment are necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Diabetic penile neuropathy.

In vitro studies strongly suggest the presence of autonomic neuropathy in impotent patients with diabetes mellitus. Morphologic studies reveal structural damage to the penile autonomic nerves. Biochemical, histochemical, and immunohistochemical evidence suggests a general depletion of the adrenergic, cholinergic, and NANC neurotransmitter systems that control penile erection. These in vitro studies on human tissue are, however, not performed with appropriate control tissue from potent patients with diabetes mellitus. For this reason, it is important to study diabetic penile neuropathy by developing animal models. The investigative work by Crowe and Fani in streptozocin-induced diabetes mellitus is encouraging, but more research efforts should be directed toward this objective. Clinical testing is needed to assess the functionality of the autonomic corporal nerves objectively. At present, the patient's erectile response to an intracavernosal injection of vasoactive agents is being studied. If there is an isolated autonomic neuropathy, as commonly exists in young patients with spinal cord injury, the erectile response to the intracavernosal injection is immediate and complete. This intracavernosal injection test for autonomic neuropathy records hemodynamic and not neurophysiologic responses. In patients with an accompanying hemodynamic impairment, such as cavernosal artery insufficiency or corporal veno-occlusive dysfunction, as commonly exists in patients with diabetes mellitus, the hemodynamic erectile response to the intracavernosal injection is impaired, and the presence or absence of autonomic neuropathy is subsequently masked.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Dysglobulinemic neuropathies].

Monoclonal gammopathies are frequently associated with peripheral neuropathies of which clinical, electrophysiological, pathological and possibly pathogenetical aspects are heterogeneous. Nevertheless some clinico-biological entities, which account for the majority of cases, have been recently recognized: 1) The IgM neuropathy is a chronic demyelinating sensori-motor polyneuropathy with tremor and ataxia as prominent features. It can be either associated with MGUS or Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. The light chain of the gammopathy is kappa in a majority of cases. Numerous reports have demonstrated specific antibody activities supported by the M-protein and directed against various peripheral nerve antigens, usually myelin components such as the myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG). The ultrastructural evidence of widely spaced myelin is suggestive of the diagnosis but is not consistent. Treatment directed towards the gammopathy is occasionally associated with improvement of the symptoms. 2) The neuropathy of the osteosclerotic myelomas and solitary plasmacytomas present as a chronic sensori-motor polyradiculoneuropathy with conspicuous demyelination and may be associated with one or more of the systemic clinical features of the Crow-Fukase or POEMS syndrome (Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, M-protein, Skin changes). The POEMS syndrome may also be associated with "benign" monoclonal or even polyclonal dysproteinemias. The M-proteins are almost all IgG or IgA with lambda light chains. There are some relations between POEMS syndrome and Castleman's disease. The pathogenesis of both disorders remains obscure. Treatment is most favorable in case of solitary plasmacytomas, which may be completely removed. 3) The neuropathy observed in patients with primary AL amyloidosis or amylosis associated with malignant plasma-cell dyscrasias is rare. Sensory deficit and autonomic dysfunction are related to a prominent involvement of small myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. A clinical and/or electro-physiological carpal tunnel syndrome is frequent. In a majority of cases the light chain of the M-protein is lambda. Amyloid deposits are observed on nerve biopsy. Treatment is inefficient. 4) The neuropathy associated with cryoglobulinemias may be asymmetric, painful, cryosensitive and associated with cutaneous purpura and neuromuscular vasculitis. In fact, in a majority of cases the symptoms are less suggestive raising the problem of an incidental laboratory finding. 5) A motoneuron disease-like syndrome may develop in patients with various types of monoclonal gammopathies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Amyloidosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative research on erythrocyte anionic adenosine triphosphatase in vertebrates].

Studies have been made on the level of activity of anion ATPase and its sensitivity to anions in erythrocytic membranes from fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Significant variations in these properties of the ATPase were found among the species investigated. Protein composition of erythrocytic membranes was also investigated by means of disc-electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel in men, rabbit, rat, mouse, hamster, tortoise, crow and starling.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intracytoplasmic inclusion of Hirano type in Purkinje cells.

Intracytoplasmic, rod-shaped and eosinophilic inclusions were recognized only in Purkinje cells in a case of Crow-Fukase syndrome. The ultrastructure of the inclusions was similar to that of the Hirano body and was suspected to have some relation to neurofilaments.

Brain↗