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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Diagnostic strategy of abdominal contusions in adults].

Diagnosis of a deep visceral lesion in an adult following abdominal contusion is almost always difficult as the abdominal signs are late or masked by associated lesions. All of the controlled studies agree on the superiority of peritoneal puncture-lavage over ultrasonography or CT scan in the diagnosis of haemoperitoneum. The diagnostic performance of computed tomography in the identification of lesions of solid organs is very much better than that of ultrasonography. The diagnosis of an isolated lesion of a hollow viscus has benefited from progress in imaging to a much lesser degree and peritoneal puncture-lavage with leukocyte count remains the key examination. The diagnostic strategy must be based on the patient's clinical condition and on this hierarchy of complementary investigations.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1993

The initial assessment of ocular contusion injury.

The initial assessment of blunt ocular trauma requires taking a thorough history, measuring visual acuity, evaluating pupils, extraocular muscles, intraocular pressure, and anterior adnexa, and examining the interior of the eye by means of biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy. More sophisticated means of examination may be necessary before treatment strategies can be determined. The most common types of injuries are contusions, abrasions, lacerations, and penetrating wounds of the eye. The most serious injuries requiring treatment are penetrating wounds, hyphemas, and retinal detachments. The initial goal of management is to provide timely recognition and treatment of the injury, and to stabilize the condition and promptly refer the patient if specialized care is necessary.

Eye Foreign Bodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Computerized tomography in sequelae of brain contusions].

Follow-up clinical and computed tomographic (CT) studies were performed in 140 patients with focal brain contusions at the acute stage of brain injury (BI). A total of 133 victims were followed up and the time course of CT changes were examined in the intervening and late BI periods. Despite the favourable natural history of acute BI, mild, moderate, and severe posttraumatic changes were shown to appear as cicatricial-adhesive and atrophic processes, intracerebral cysts, porencephaly, which result in posttraumatic epilepsy, hydrocephalus, etc. The magnitude of diffuse changes rather than focal changes in the area of the prior medullary lesion was found to play the leading role in the victims' disability.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biomechanical characteristics of interactions between the drainage and accommodation regulatory systems of the eye in health and in contusion lens subluxation].

Biomechanical aspects of joint functioning of the accommodation system of the eye and the system regulating the discharge of intraocular fluid are considered proceeding from the concept of joint automated regulation. A multifunctional biomechanical model of the eye, created by the authors on the basis of numerous data and permitting them to quantitatively trace the relationships in the functions of the drainage and accommodation intraocular regulatory systems in health and in contusion subdislocation of the lens, is analyzed for various clinical situations. Theoretical and practical prerequisites for the development of novel methods for the diagnosis and treatment of primary open-angle and secondary phacotopic glaucoma are discussed, specifically, regulation of intraocular fluid discharge by purposeful shifting of the range of activity of the accommodation regulatory system. A detailed analysis of mutual functioning of the above ocular systems is practically important for clinical ophthalmology, for it accelerates the development of novel methods of diagnosis and pathogenetically-based therapy of a number of ocular diseases.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1997

Bilateral striate cortex contusion presenting with cerebral asthenopia rather than cortical blindness.

We report a 22-year-old female with a history of contusion of bilateral occipital lobes at the age of 1 year. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed severe lesion in bilateral striate cortices which should have resulted in cortical blindness. However, she displayed a fairly good visual function presenting only cerebral asthenopia and the restriction of the visual field. A positron emission tomography revealed that no areas other than the primary visual cortices responded to visual stimuli. Thus, her residual vision may be attributable to plasticity of the visual cortex in humans.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Myelin gene expression after experimental contusive spinal cord injury.

After incomplete traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), the spared tissue exhibits abnormal myelination that is associated with reduced or blocked axonal conductance. To examine the molecular basis of the abnormal myelination, we used a standardized rat model of incomplete SCI and compared normal uninjured tissue with that after contusion injury. We evaluated expression of mRNA for myelin proteins using in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes to proteolipid protein (PLP), the major protein in central myelin; myelin basic protein (MBP), a major component of central myelin and a minor component of peripheral myelin; and protein zero (P0), the major structural protein of peripheral myelin, as well as myelin transcription factor 1 (MYT1). We found reduced expression of PLP and MBP chronically after SCI in the dorsal, lateral, and ventral white matter both rostral and caudal to the injury epicenter. Detailed studies of PLP at 2 months after injury indicated that the density of expressing cells was normal but mRNA per cell was reduced. In addition, P0, normally restricted to the peripheral nervous system, was expressed both at the epicenter and in lesioned areas at least 4 mm rostral and caudal to it. Thus, after SCI, abnormal myelination of residual axons may be caused, at least in part, by changes in the transcriptional regulation of genes for myelin proteins and by altered distribution of myelin-producing cells. In addition, the expression of MYT1 mRNA and protein seemed to be upregulated after SCI in a pattern suggesting the presence of undifferentiated progenitor cells in the chronically injured cord.

Animals↗