Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Capitalism”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Idiopathic aseptic osteonecrosis of the capitate bone. Literature review apropos of 3 new cases].

The authors report 3 cases of idiopathic avascular necrosis of the capitate and review them together with published reports of 16 further cases. The patients are normally young and the diagnosis delayed. The radiographs may demonstrate an eggshell appearance, a sequestrum, marked sclerosis, or cystic changes. A classification is proposed based on the portion of the bone involved. Early osteoarthritic changes occur and carpal instability may develop. It is suggested that there are features in the blood supply which may be significant. Treatment is by operation, involving either excision of the capitate with replacement with a prosthetic spacer, or else by arthrodesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis during treatment with recombinant human growth hormone for Turner syndrome.

Recombinant human growth hormone has recently been used to treat the short stature of Turner syndrome. However, this therapy may induce slipped capital femoral epiphysis, since the epiphyseal plate widens and becomes weak through either growth hormone or hypogonadism. This report shows that a slipped capital femoral epiphysis occurred during this treatment for an 11-year-old girl who was suffering from Turner syndrome. Thus, these patients who are being treated with growth hormone should be carefully observed.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Slip of the capital femoral epiphysis: revival of a method of assessment.

A simple and exact method for evaluation of suspected or overt slip of the femoral capital epiphysis is revived. This procedure gives an estimate of all degrees of abnormality from the early stages to those with gross deformity. In our experience slip of the femoral capital epiphysis is always posterior and in approximately 80% of cases bilateral. Therefore, both hips should be examined whenever this condition is suspected. The method provides for examination of each hip separately. Strict adherence to the procedure also provides a precise way of assessing the femoral anteversion angle, significant in many orthopedic disorders. For the latter purpose access to a particular nomogram is mandatory.

Epiphyses, Slipped↗
PubMed2002

[Treatment of acute slips and clinical results in slipped capital femoral epiphysis].

In looking at the pathoanatomy of slipped capital epiphysis, it is important to appreciate that the articular cartilage ruptures at the level of the physis as the articular cartilage also covers part of the femoral neck metaphysis. As a consequence, smoothness is lost and already with mild slips the irregularities may injure the acetabular cartilage structures and may cause tears of the labrum. Principally therefore an open revision and restoration of the anatomy as perfectly as possible is needed. The technique for open reduction was developed by Dunn in 1964 and then refined by Ganz in 1997 applying new anatomical vascular studies. However, the long-term data on the "conservative" approach of only using transfixation to avoid further slipping show relatively good results and long-term studies of a more aggressive open approach will be needed to show evidence of further improvement. For the more severe cases, restoration of the correct anatomy by open reduction or improved axial relationships by more distant osteotomies have already been proven to give better results. Besides the extent of the slip, it is important to consider whether the slip is acute or chronic or acute and chronic. So far there are no data showing that the surgical treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis must be made on an emergency basis. However, prevention of further slips, e.g., by supine transport, is to be considered an emergency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis. A report of 4 cases occurring in one family.

We describe slipped capital femoral epiphysis in 4 members of a black, obese family, who were all first-degree relatives. The aetiology of slipped capital femoral epiphysis is unknown, although it is thought to be multifactorial. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors have been associated with the condition. A familial incidence with at least two cases in the same family has been reported. In epidemiological studies, this incidence ranges from 3% to 35%. Our cases were investigated in an attempt to find a possible aetiological genetic factor. A genetic predisposition with an autosomal dominant pattern of transmission is suggested, although environmental variables must be considered as provocative factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Unusual manifestation of an osteoid osteoma of the capitate.

A case of osteoid osteoma of the capitate in a 29-year-old male is reported. The patient suffered from unspecific clinical findings and a 3-year history of uncharacteristic wrist pain. Conventional radiographs of the wrist revealed a circumscribed sclerosis in the proximal part of the capitate bone beside a diffuse demineralisation of the carpal bones. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a circumscribed, tumorous lesion with marked enhancement after IV administration of contrast agent and a highly calcified nidus, which was sharply demarcated by a small rim of granulation tissue from the surrounding spongious bone. Based on MRI findings, the diagnosis of an osteoid osteoma was established and confirmed after operation and histologic analysis.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Crime, social capital, and community participation.

Social disorganization at the neighborhood and community levels has been consistently linked to various forms of criminal activity. However,a very much smaller body of literature addresses the effects of crime on community organizations. In some studies, crime appears to energize communities while in others, crime leads to withdrawal from community life. Using department of health crime victimization data and interviews with 2,985 low-income inner city residents living in 487 multi-family dwellings, a multi-level model examined the relationships among crime victimization, social organization, and participation in neighborhood organizations. Social organization at the individual and building levels was measured using recent formulations of social capital theory. Findings regarding crime suggested more signs of a chilling effect on participation than of an energizing effect, especially at the building level. Social capital at the building level was more strongly and consistently related to participation in community organizations than was crime.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Factor rewards and the international migration of unskilled labor: a model with capital mobility.

"Conventional economic wisdom holds that the migration of unskilled labor from less developed countries to neighboring developed countries should be expected to narrow the wage gap between those countries, and thereby reduce the incentive for further migration. [The authors suggest that] if capital is mobile internationally this reasoning may be inappropriate. Instead, emigration of unskilled labor out of the less developed country provides an incentive for capital to leave the country, too. As a consequence, wage rates move in the same direction in each country, and the gap between wage rates across countries even may increase."

Demography↗
PubMed1993

Uncertainty and health care spending by the poor: the health capital model revisited.

This short theoretical paper examines health care utilization by the poor in the context of Grossman's (1972) health capital model. Earlier work has shown that uncertainty can reduce the attractiveness to the poor of health capital investments. This paper demonstrates that uncertainty can also have precisely the opposite effect. That is, while there may be cases in which it is excessively risky for the poor to invest in their health, there may also be cases in which the poor can ill-afford the risks that arise from not making timely investments in their health.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1993

An unusual variety of scapho-capitate syndrome.

We report a patient who sustained a displaced fracture of the lunate in association with fractures of the scaphoid and capitate. Union of the scaphoid and capitate fractures followed fixation with Herbert screws, 25 additional cases from the literature have been reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Internal fixation of a capitate fracture with Herbert screws.

A case of an isolated, displaced fracture of the capitate is described. This rare carpal injury was treated by internal fixation with two Herbert screws. The fracture united and the patient achieved an excellent range of wrist motion. The Herbert screw is useful in the treatment of displaced fractures of the capitate since the screw maintains reduction, compresses the fracture site, and allows early wrist motion.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

IEC 61511 and the capital project process--a protective management system approach.

This year, the process industry has reached an important milestone in process safety-the acceptance of an internationally recognized standard for safety instrumented systems (SIS). This standard, IEC 61511, documents good engineering practice for the assessment, design, operation, maintenance, and management of SISs. The foundation of the standard is established by several requirements in Part 1, Clauses 5-7, which cover the development of a management system aimed at ensuring that functional safety is achieved. The management system includes a quality assurance process for the entire SIS lifecycle, requiring the development of procedures, identification of resources and acquisition of tools. For maximum benefit, the deliverables and quality control checks required by the standard should be integrated into the capital project process, addressing safety, environmental, plant productivity, and asset protection. Industry has become inundated with a multitude of programs focusing on safety, quality, and cost performance. This paper introduces a protective management system, which builds upon the work process identified in IEC 61511. Typical capital project phases are integrated with the management system to yield one comprehensive program to efficiently manage process risk. Finally, the paper highlights areas where internal practices or guidelines should be developed to improve program performance and cost effectiveness.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed2005

Ethnic differences in social participation and social capital in Malmö, Sweden: a population-based study.

The aim of this study was to investigate ethnic differences in different aspects of social participation in Malmö, Sweden. The public health survey in Malmö 1994 is a cross-sectional study. A total of 5600 randomly chosen individuals aged 20-80 years were asked to complete a postal questionnaire. The participation rate was 71%. The population was divided into categories born in Sweden, Denmark/Norway, other Western countries, former Yugoslavia, Poland, Arabic speaking countries and all other countries. The age-adjusted and multivariate analyses were performed using a logistic regression model in order to investigate the importance of possible confounders (age, education, economic stress and unemployment) on the differences by country of origin in different aspects of social participation. Men and women born in Arabic speaking countries and other countries (Iran, Turkey, Vietnam, Chile and subsaharan Africa) participate to a significantly lower extent in a variety of civic and social activities when compared to the reference population born in Sweden. The differences in participation in these groups compared to the group born in Sweden are observed both for social participation items at the core of the definition of social capital and cultural and other activities unrelated to social capital. This pattern is particularly pronounced for women born in Arabic speaking countries. These women even sharply differ from the participation rates of men born in Arabic speaking countries. The ethnic differences in most cases do not seem to be explained satisfactorily by education, economic stress or possibly unemployment.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Who you know, where you live: social capital, neighbourhood and health.

This article examines the degree to which relationships between social capital and health are embedded in local geographical contexts and influenced by demographic factors, socio-economic status, health behaviours and coping skills. Using data from a telephone survey of a random sample of adults (N=1504 respondents, response rate=60%), the article determines if relationships between involvement in voluntary associations and various measures of individual health are associated with neighbourhood of residence in the mid-sized city of Hamilton, Canada. Associational involvement and overweight status (assessed by body-mass score) were weakly but significantly related after controlling for the other variables; involvement had relationships with self-rated health and emotional distress before but not after controlling for socio-economic status, health behaviours and coping skills. Relationships between neighbourhood of residence and two health outcomes, self-rated health and overweight status, were statistically significant before and after controlling for the other characteristics of respondents; neighbourhood of residence was not a significant predictor of number of chronic conditions and emotional distress in multivariate models. The neighbourhood and associational involvement relationships with health were not dependent upon one another, suggesting that neighbourhood of residence did not help to explain the positive health effects of this particular measure of social capital.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Social capital and young adolescents' perceived health in different sociocultural settings.

We conducted a cross-national study to examine the association between neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation, social capital and child health in two countries and multiple ethnic groups. For our analysis we used data from (1) the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN), USA and (2) the Maastricht Quality of Life study (MQoL), the Netherlands. Both the PHDCN and the MQoL collected data on objective neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation, subjective neighbourhood social capital (i.e. informal social control, ISC, social cohesion and trust, SC&T), and children's perceived health. For the present analyses, 11- and 12-year olds were selected. Multilevel analyses were conducted using both neighbourhood level and individual-level data. Lower socioeconomic deprivation scores and higher levels of ISC as well as SC&T were associated with higher levels of children's perceived health, in both Maastricht and the Chicago Hispanic subsample, but not in the Chicago non-Hispanic samples. The results suggest that associations between the wider social environment and health outcomes vary across different populations and cross-national contexts.

Chicago↗
PubMed2005

The voices of older women in a disadvantaged community: issues of health and social capital.

The voices of older women are rarely heard in debates about the health of disadvantaged groups. Despite growing interest in health in old age, the health experiences of older women as gendered social beings have yet to be fully explored. Their potential to contribute positively to family and community health is seldom acknowledged. The aim of this article is to present findings from a qualitative British Health Development Agency funded project on the relationship between social capital, health and gender, focusing on the health and social networks of older women in a socially disadvantaged community in the north of England. Seventy-seven community members were interviewed, of these 19 were older women aged 55-78 years. Their accounts of ill health in the context of ageing were analysed to explore the intricate ways in which social capital was created, maintained and linked to health. Findings suggest that social constructions of motherhood and caring underpinned responsibility for their own and others' health. Their experiences of dealing with health matters, together with frequent health talk, gave the women confidence as lay health experts, enabling them to contest medical advice. Drawing on personal experiences of trust and reciprocity, they recognised the importance of social networking in alleviating the problems of loneliness and isolation. At stressful times in their lives they were able to draw on existing support networks and, in spite of occasional personal conflicts, some benefited from the empowering and health-enhancing role of formal and informal participation in community life. These findings indicate that older women can operate autonomously in health matters and can substantially influence the development of healthy communities, although this can sometimes be at a personal cost.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Diagnosis and monetary quantification of occupational injuries by indices related to human capital loss: analysis of a steel company as an illustration.

Prevention of occupational injuries is an important task of human resource management. In this study, new indices of human capital loss of occupational injury including cumulative injury rate, proportion of potential workdays lost, and potential salary lost were applied to the analysis of registry data of occupational injuries from 1986 to 1994 of a steel company in Taiwan. In addition, we compared these indices with disabling frequency rate and severity rate. The results showed that the average disabling frequency rate and cumulative injury rate of the whole company were 4.12 and 0.41, respectively; and the average disabling severity rate and proportion of potential workdays lost of the whole company were 563 and 229 x 10(-6), respectively, during 1986-1994. There was no consistent improvement in occupational safety in this period. The average potential salary lost of the whole company was more than US$ 2 million per year with a discount rate of 0.04, which was equivalent to 92 times of average annual income of a worker. The major monetary loss were due to non-traffic injuries of operators and traffic injuries of non-operators, which amounted to US$ 145 and 152 per person per year. As the new indices can provide additional information on lifetime occupational risk and human capital loss in monetary values, we concluded that they may be useful supplementary tools for monitoring and analyzing occupational injury data in a company.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1979

Isolated pathological fracture of the capitate bone. A case report.

Isolated fracture of the capitate bone is rare, but an isolated pathological fracture due to leprosy has not been previously reported. Although varying degrees of trauma is implied to be associated with fractures, this case illustrates a pathological fracture of the capitate apparently due solely to a specific disease. Fracture has occurred without a history of trauma and there has been no displacement of the fragments on x-rays over a period exceeding ten years even though it has been subjected to unrestricted activities by the patient who has clinically inactive disease.

Adult↗