Determination of total fluorine in serum and other biological materials by oxygen bomb and reverse extraction techniques.
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The design and construction of a wet digestion chamber resistant to acids and bases for hard and soft tissues is described. Loss of volatile elements is prevented. Reproducible complete recoveries for a variety of inorganic metal ions are routinely achieved.
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On the evening of 21 November, 1974 explosions occurred almost simultaneously in two crowded public houses in the centre of Birmingham. Of the 21 people who died, 18 were killed outright and 3 died later in hospital. All 21 cases showed the terrible multiple injuries associated with close proximity to a powerful explosion within a confined space. Although all the victims suffered one or more injuries which alone would have been fatal, certain patterns of injury were noted which, if appreciated early in any future similar incident, may help to save the lives of those who are futher removed from the centre of the explosion or exposed to one of lesser force.
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Why do mammals imprint their parental genomes? Imprinting is seen in many phyla, but that in mammals is by far the most dramatic. Is there something peculiar to mammals that calls for such a striking phenomenon? We propose that imprinting is a device that protects female mammals from the potential ravages of ovarian trophoblast disease. Without imprinting, the ovarian teratomas that frequently arise from parthenogenetically activated oocytes in situ might be capable of forming malignant trophoblast. An allele that favored imprinting would spread rapidly because of the great increase in fitness associated with suppressing a lethal cancer of females.
The Zawacki method was selected for the evaluation of the 20 patients admitted to our Burn Centre after the terrorist attack on 18 June 1987. The group comprised seven men and 13 women whose ages ranged from 25 to 66 years. The TBSA burn averaged 53 per cent and FTSA burn averaged 32.65 per cent; 25 per cent had respiratory lesions and 10 per cent reported previous bronchopulmonary pathology. The definitive assessment of mortality probability was made between 18 and 24 h after the accident. Of the group, 30 per cent died. All except one had a mortality probability of 100 per cent, 10 per cent of these patients survived. In general, complications appeared during the first 3 weeks; among the infections there was no predominant bacterial species and we had no pseudomonas sepsis cases; respiratory infections were the most important and serious and the most common cause of death. Prophylactic treatment was a determining factor for improving survival. The predominant sequelae were hypertrophic scars and 64 per cent of survivors still suffer with functional sequelae, however 78 per cent of the group have returned to their normal work.
The 'Molotov cocktail' terrorist weapon which is thrown into a travelling car has given a new type of injury to people who sustain massive smoke inhalation together with disfiguring burns of face, thighs, hands and chest, and post-traumatic psychological disorder. The combination of petrol ignition with the synthetic fumes inside the care is a unique occurrence with a high morbidity and mortality which is difficult to treat and to manage. We propose to show that the combination of all the above components can be defined as the 'Molotov cocktail' burn syndrome.
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