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PubMedDate not supplied

[The use of interference currents and iodobromine baths in the therapy of patients with chronic nonobstructive pyelonephritis].

30 patients were exposed to interference currents (IC) alone (group 1) versus 34 patients treated with IC plus iodobromine baths (group 2). After IC action on the region of the kidney projection patients of group 1 experienced positive changes in cellular and humoral immunity providing an antiinflammatory effect. In group 2, the improvement was seen in renal and urinary functions, 24-h urinary excretion of oxalates and calcium diminished. Interference current proved beneficial in chronic pyelonephritis patients with latent inflammation. The combined therapy was effective in patients at high risk of lithogenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of contrast baths on central nervous system function in patients with a disordered menstrual function].

EEG, REG, psychoemotional tests have been performed in 26 females of reproductive age suffering from neuroendocrine syndrome with dysmenorrhea. The findings were indicative of defects in cerebral function and circulation. This confirms contribution of the central nervous system to the onset of their disease. The treatment with contrast baths resulted in recovery of mechanisms of cerebral regulation as seen from attenuation of clinical symptoms, positive changes in psychoemotional status, EEG and REG.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Reactive dye ostazine black V-B: determination in the dye-bath and hydrolysis monitoring by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Monitoring the hydrolysis of Ostazine Black V-B reactive dye was found to be possible by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). All the desired substances were identified in a mixture of the dye-bath. The process of the substrate reactive dye hydrolysis was qualified with hydrolysis rate constants k(1) (2.0 +/- 0.3 h(-1)) and k(2) (0.6 +/- 0.1 h(-1)). The method developed is important for the dyeing industry and for following the colouration process.

Coloring Agents↗
PubMed2001

Castor oil, bath and/or enema for cervical priming and induction of labour.

BACKGROUND: Castor oil, a potent cathartic, is derived from the bean of the castor plant. Anecdotal reports, which date back to ancient Egypt have suggested the use of castor oil to stimulate labour. Castor oil has been widely used as a traditional method of initiating labour in midwifery practice. Its role in the initiation of labour is poorly understood and data examining its efficacy within a clinical trial are limited. This is one of a series of reviews of methods of cervical ripening and labour induction using standardised methodology. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of castor oil or enemas for third trimester cervical ripening or induction of labour in comparison with other methods of cervical ripening or induction of labour. SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group trials register, the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register and bibliographies of relevant papers. Last searched: November 2000. SELECTION CRITERIA: (1) clinical trials comparing castor oil, bath or enemas used for third trimester cervical ripening or labour induction with placebo/no treatment or other methods listed above it on a predefined list of labour induction methods; (2) random allocation to the treatment or control group; (3) adequate allocation concealment; (4) violations of allocated management not sufficient to materially affect conclusions; (5) clinically meaningful outcome measures reported; (6) data available for analysis according to the random allocation; (7) missing data insufficient to materially affect the conclusions. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: A strategy has been developed to deal with the large volume and complexity of trial data relating to labour induction. This involves a two-stage method of data extraction. MAIN RESULTS: In the one included study of 100 women, which compared a single dose of castor oil versus no treatment, no difference was found between caesarean section rates (relative risk (RR) 2.31, 95% CI 0.77, 6.87). No data were presented on neonatal or maternal mortality or morbidity. There was no difference between either the rate of meconium stained liquor (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.25,2.36) or Apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.02,45.71) between the two groups. The number of participants was small hence only large differences in outcomes could have been detected. All women who ingested castor oil felt nauseous. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: The only trial included in this review attempts to address the role of castor oil as an induction agent. The trial was small and of poor methodological quality. Further research is needed to attempt to quantify the efficacy of castor oil as an induction agent.

Castor Oil↗
PubMed1998

The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Index (BASRI): a new, validated approach to disease assessment.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a reproducible and simple radiologic scoring system for the spine in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS): the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Index for the spine (BASRI-s). METHODS: Radiographs of 470 patients with AS were scored using the New York criteria for the sacroiliac joints and, similarly, grading the lumbar and cervical spine on a scale of 0-4 (for normal, suspicious, mild, moderate, and severe). These 3 scores were added together to produce the BASRI-s score (scored 2-12). Radiographs of 188 patients were used to test reproducibility. Blinded radiographs of 89 non-AS patients were included, randomly, to assess disease specificity. Sensitivity to change was assessed using 177 radiographs from 58 AS patients. RESULTS: Intra- and interobserver variation showed 75-86% and 73-79% complete agreement at all sites, respectively. Specificities of 0.83-0.89 suggested that the lumbar and cervical spine BASRI scores were disease specific. Sensitivity to change became apparent at 2 years (P < 0.001). Using a lateral view and an anteroposterior view of the lumbar spine was more sensitive than using a lateral view alone. Grading a set of radiographs (sacroiliac joints, lumbar spine, and cervical spine) took 30 seconds. CONCLUSION: BASRI is a reliable method for grading radiographic changes in patients with AS. It is disease specific, sensitive to change, valid, simple, and rapid to perform.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The influence of peripheral arthritis on disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis patients as measured with the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the differences in disease activity as measured by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) between patients with and without peripheral arthritis/enthesitis. To investigate whether scores on the BASDAI change by omitting the 2 questions on peripheral disease. METHODS: Disease activity was assessed on a 10-cm visual analog scale and by BASDAI. Alternative BASDAIs were constructed by omitting the peripheral joints question and/or the enthesitis question. Correlations between the alternative BASDAIs and other measures of disease activity were calculated. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to assess whether having peripheral arthritis influenced BASDAI and alternative BASDAI scores, and to assess whether peripheral arthritis influenced the score of the individual questions of the BASDAI. RESULTS: At baseline, the BASDAI was calculated in 214 patients. In patients with peripheral arthritis (n = 56), the mean (SD) BASDAI score was 4.4 (2.3) as compared with 3.1 (1.9) (P < 0.0001) in the patients without peripheral arthritis (n = 158). The relationship between arthritis and the BASDAI score appeared to be truly longitudinal (GEE regression coefficient beta = 0.64; 95% confidence interval 0.28-1.00). Peripheral arthritis was significantly longitudinally associated with all separate item scores of the BASDAI. Omitting the peripheral joints and/or enthesitis question from the BASDAI questionnaire only partially explained the difference in BASDAI score between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: Disease activity measured by the BASDAI is higher in patients with concomitant peripheral disease compared with patients with disease restricted to the axial skeleton. The increased BASDAI score in patients with peripheral arthritis is partially explained by increased overall disease activity as well as by a disproportionate contribution of the peripheral joints question to the overall score.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Could the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) be a valid measure of disease activity in patients with psoriatic arthritis?

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) could be a valid indicator of disease activity in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). METHODS: Patients with PsA identified from a disease-register and case-note review answered a questionnaire by mail (n = 133); some patients (n = 86) consented to examination. In a second sample of 47 consecutive clinic attendees with PsA, logistic regression examined the independent contribution of BASDAI to disease activity, as judged by treatment decisions at that time. RESULTS: BASDAI correlated highly with patient perception of disease activity (r = 0.739) and there was no significant effect of the pattern of disease (axial or peripheral) on this relationship. However, only physician perception of disease activity was significantly associated with high or low disease activity (odds ratio 18.4, 95% confidence interval 2.9-118.3). BASDAI, patient perception, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate failed to contribute significantly to the model. CONCLUSION: BASDAI performs similarly for axial and peripheral PsA but does not correlate well with external indicators of disease activity, such as treatment decisions.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Multiple polypeptide forms observed in two-dimensional gels of Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) polypeptides are generated during the separation procedure.

We have examined two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) gel maps of polypeptides from the Gram-negative bacterium Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) and found the same widespread trains of spots as often reported in 2-DE gels of polypeptides of other Gram-negative bacteria. Some of the trains of polypeptides, both from the outer membrane and soluble protein fraction, were shown to be generated during the separation procedure of 2-DE, and not by covalent post-translational modifications. The trains were found to be regenerated when rerunning individual polypeptide spots. The polypeptides analysed giving this type of trains were all found to be classified as stable polypeptides according to the instability index of Guruprasad et al. (Protein Eng. 1990, 4, 155-161). The phenomenon most likely reflects conformational equilibria of polypeptides arising from the experimental conditions used, and is a clear drawback of the standard 2-DE procedure, making the gel picture unnecessarily complex to analyse.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1990

Early dermato-pathological signs during bath-PUVA therapy.

The combination of trioxsalen bath and long-wave UV-A is used in dermatology to treat selected patients with psoriasis. Such treatment induces side effects whose clinical aspects have already been described. We report the histological aspects of these lesions. The most striking features occur in the epidermis, where we found vacuolar alterations, disorganization of the stratum malpighi, necrotic cells, and Bowenoid changes. Langerhans cells are reduced in number, and melanocytes may become large and atypical. In addition, factor XIIIa-positive dendrocytes of the superficial dermis increase in size, and some of them migrate into the epidermis, which is a rare location for these cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Babies, bath water, and the chicken's way out.

Bryden, McManus, and Bulman-Fleming (1994) have provided a thoughtful critique of the developmental model of cerebral lateralization proposed by Geschwind, Behan, and Galaburda. Although it is clear that many particular aspects of the Geschwind-Behan-Galaburda (GBG) model have not withstood empirical test, the GBG model has had an important and useful impact by encouraging others to conceptualize cerebral laterality in an appropriately developmental way. Consequently, although the present commentary reinforces some of the criticisms leveled by Bryden et al., it also points out why it would be unwise to throw out the baby (i.e., a developmental perspective) with the bath water (i.e., particular details of the GBG model).

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Magnetization transfer imaging of rat brain under non-steady-state conditions. Contrast prediction using a binary spin-bath model and a super-lorentzian lineshape.

Magnetization transfer contrast imaging using turbo spin echo and continuous wave off-resonance irradiation was carried out on rat brain in vivo at 4.7 T. By systematically varying the off-resonance irradiation power and the offset-frequency, the signal intensities obtained under steady-state for both transverse and longitudinal magnetization were successfully analyzed with a simple binary spin-bath model taking into account a free water compartment and a pool of protons with restricted motions bearing a super-Lorentzian lineshape. Due to important RF power deposition, such experimental conditions are not practical for routine imaging on humans. An extension of the model was derived to describe the system for shorter off-resonance pulse duration, i.e., when the longitudinal magnetization of the free protons has not reached a steady-state. Data sets obtained for three regions of interest, namely the corpus callosum, the basal ganglia, and the temporal lobe, were correctly interpreted for off-resonance pulse durations varying from 0.3 to 3 s. The parameter sets obtained from the calculations made it possible to predict the contrast between the different regions as a function of the pulse power, the offset frequency, and pulse duration. Such an approach could be extended to contrast prediction for human brain at 1.5 T.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Acrihellin, a cardioactive steroid escaping from the organ-bath.

The concentration of acrihellin rapidly declines in oxygenated Tyrode-solution, because the compound escapes from the organ-bath being enriched in droplets sprayed from the surface of the bubbled solution. As checked by radiochromatography, acrihellin remains chemically unaltered during this process. Hellebrin and hellebrigenin persist in gassed Tyrode-solution, suggesting that the 3 beta-substituent dimethylacrylic acid endows acrihellin with amphiphilic properties, thus promoting its enrichment at gas-water interphases. Measurements of the inotropic effects in guinea pig left atria performed at concentrations of acrihellin kept constant yielded a dose-response curve, which closely resembles that of the conventional cardioactive steroid ouabain.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Molecular analysis of methane monooxygenase from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath).

Methane monooxygenase (MMO) is the enzyme responsible for the conversion of methane to methanol in methanotrophic bacteria. In addition, this enzyme complex oxidizes a wide range of aliphatic and aromatic compounds in a number of potentially useful biotransformations. In this study, we have used biochemical data obtained from purification and characterization of the soluble MMO from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath), to identify structural genes encoding this enzyme by oligonucleotide probing. The genes encoding the beta and gamma subunits of MMO were found to be chromosomally located and were linked in this organism. We report here on the analysis of a recombinant plasmid containing 12 kilobases of Methylococcus DNA and provide the first evidence for the localization and linkage of genes encoding the methane monooxygenase enzyme complex. DNA sequence analysis suggests that the primary structures of the beta and gamma subunits of MMO are completely novel and the complete sequence of these genes is presented.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electrohydraulic extracorporeal non-water bath shock-wave lithotripsy of gallstones: two years' experience.

A prospective study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) using a non-water bath lithotripter in combination with oral chemolitholysis on gallstone clearance. Patients were treated without general anesthesia or parenteral analgesia. We treated 74 patients selected according to the widely accepted criteria. Only 2 patients could not be sufficiently treated because of pain. After a 2 year period, 24 (32%) patients showed complete stone clearance, 35 (47%) patients had residual fragments, 5 (7%) patients underwent cholecystectomy, 2 (3%) patients were lost to follow up, and 8 (11%) patients discontinued the treatment before fragment clearance. According to the life-table estimate, 77% of our patients with successful ESWL and uncomplicated oral chemolitholysis are stonefree after 1 year. We consider the major advantage of this nonsurgical treatment of gallstone disease is that general anesthesia or parenteral analgesia has become unnecessary.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Effect of different bathing media on the short-circuit current across the intestine of the rat and guinea-pig.

The changes in short-circuit current occurring when one or both solutions bathing the intestine of rat or guinea-pig mounted in flux chambers were recorded. The results with the guinea-pig can be explained in terms of diffusion potentials arising from the ionic replacements, and an electrogenic sodium pump, sensitive to ouabain, in the contraluminal membrane of the cell. In the rat, the situation is more complicated, and the enterocyte probably possesses an electrogenic sodium pump in the brush-border membrane.

Animals↗