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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Rupture of the distal tendon of the biceps brachii. Operative versus non-operative treatment.

We did Cybex testing of thirteen patients who had had a rupture of the distal tendon of the biceps brachii. The tests were performed fifteen months to six years after injury. The ten patients who had had a surgical repair through the two-incision technique showed a return to normal levels of strength and endurance with regard to both flexion of the elbow and supination of the forearm. The three patients who had had conservative treatment showed a remaining deficit in those parameters which was clinically evident in several activities, such as use of a screwdriver or baseball bat.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The importance of soft tissues in certain skeletal traumatic lesions.

Soft tissue aspects of skeletal trauma are discussed according to two categories: (1) those injuries in which the significance of the soft tissue in the pathophysiology of the skeletal lesion is indicated by the characteristics of the skeletal injury (such as extension teardrop fracture, little leaguer's elbow, "baseball fracture," and Bennett's fracture); and (2) those injuries in which the associated soft tissue injury, or complication, may be reasonably inferred by the location and nature of the skeletal injury (such as major facial fractures, posterior sternoclavicular dislocations, fractures of the lower rib and lumbar transverse processes, and pelvic disruptions).

Ankle Injuries↗
PubMed1984

The treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation by the modified Bristow-Helfet procedure.

South African orthopaedic surgeons have been in the forefront of the development of reconstructive procedures performed for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation. In addition to the Johannesburg stapling operation described by G. T. du Toit and D. Roux, Professor A. Helfet of Cape Town was the first to describe the coracoid transplantation operation in 1958. A modified form of this operation was performed on 31 patients between August 1975 and February 1981. Patients were followed up for a mean period of 38 months, and no recurrences were encountered in patients who had had true involuntary recurrent subluxation or dislocation. The operative technique is described in detail as it is considered that adequate exposure and accurate placement of the coracoid process are very important factors in obtaining a satisfactory result and in the prevention of complications. It has been postulated that this operation, which does not attempt to shorten the capsular structures or subscapularis tendon, affords a superior result in respect of patients who participate in throwing sports. It has been noted that patients who play cricket, baseball and basketball have encountered problems in regaining their ability to throw overhand after having had operations such as the Putti-Platt procedure, which entails intentional shortening of the capsular structures and subscapularis tendon.

Bone Screws↗
PubMed1984

Arthroscopy of the shoulder joint--a cadaver and clinical study. Part 2: Clinical study.

Shoulder arthroscopy was carried out 56 times on 50 patients. Different types of arthroscopes were employed. Anterior and posterior approaches were used. Diagnoses were 21 cases of glenohumeral instability including 17 of recurrent anterior dislocation and subluxation; 2 of voluntary anterior subluxation and 2 of habitual posterior dislocation, 13 of rotator cuff tear, 6 of chronic subacromial bursitis, 2 of fracture-dislocation, 2 of frozen shoulder, 2 of baseball shoulder, one of rheumatoid arthritis, and 3 miscellaneous. The arthroscopic findings in the instability group and rotator cuff tear group were verified. Bankart lesion and Hill-Sachs lesion were identified arthroscopically. The indications for shoulder arthroscopy are outlined. There was no significant morbidity with this procedure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Devices to enable persons with amputation to participate in sports.

Participation in physically challenging competitive sports is as important to some persons with amputations as are work and leisure, both of which are ordinarily of a sedentary character. Sports participation contributes not only to physical but also to psychologic well-being. The manner in which a prosthetic clinic team can aid in this aspect of rehabilitation is discussed. Some of the more sophisticated prostheses prescribed to enable participation in sports include above-knee and below-knee water-resistant prostheses for swimmers, an adjustable foot-ankle unit for the proficient swimmer and scuba diver, prostheses and special equipment for skiers, special devices for golfers with upper extremity or lower extremity amputations, and various commercially available terminal devices to enable persons with an upper extremity amputation to bowl, to hold a fishing pole and reel, to play baseball, to hold tools, to fire a pistol, and to swim.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1981

The influence of syllabic stress on children's speech reception thresholds.

One tape exemplar of each words cowboy, baseball, airplane, cupcake, popcorn, and hotdog spoken with natural (trochaic) and again with unnatural (spondaic) stress were selected from a pool to collect monaural SRTs by earphone in children. There were no significant differences due to type of stress, nor between boys and girls. Older children (N: 16, aged 5.0--6.0 yrs; SRT = --0.2 db HL) exhibited lower SRTs than younger (N: 16, aged 3.0--4.0 yrs; SRT = 3.2 db HL). It was informally observed that response, especially in younger Ss, tended (even when correct) to be at a slower rate, a condition to which the clinician should be alert.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

[Acute myocardial infarction during sport].

Thirty patients with acute myocardial infarction which occurred during sport were investigated to identify the type of sport, prodromata, situations at the onset of disease, habit of exercise, preceding medical evaluation, coronary risk factors, and coronary angiographic findings. Infarction occurred during golf in 12 patients, bowling in 4, gateball in 4, jogging or running in 5, baseball in 2, and tennis or table tennis in 3. The majority of the patients were playing ball games. Twenty-seven patients were men (90%) and 3 were women (10%). All patients had played the same kind of sport for several years. Twenty-four patients had one or more coronary risk factors, and especially 18 patients smoked cigarettes. Nine patients had experienced anterior chest pain but only two patients had received medical evaluation. Coronary angiography was performed in 25 patients (83.3%), revealing single-vessel disease in 14, two-vessel disease in 6, three-vessel disease in 4, and disease of all left main coronary trunks in 1. The acute episode of infarction occurred mainly in spring or fall. Many patients with acute myocardial infarction occurring during sport participate in sports of low or moderate dynamic and low static exercises which are generally regarded safe. Many patients had enjoyed their sports regularly for a long time. Though many patients had coronary risk factors, only a few had received a medical check before their heart attack.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Upper extremity injuries in young athletes.

With the knowledge base of normal anatomy, development, biomechanics, and differential diagnosis, the sports medicine professional can treat injured young athletes with greater efficiency. In addition, microtraumatic injuries may be prevented by emphasizing safe parameters of participation, proper throwing techniques, and careful monitoring of the amount of practice time and intensity. Gymnasts using apparatus should always have spotters. The height of towers and basket tosses by cheerleaders should be limited by age and ability. Proper pitching techniques, not the fastest pitch or youngest curve, should be taught to baseball players. "Play it safe" should be the rule. Finally, by establishing an early and precise diagnosis, potential complications from injuries can be lessened.

Arm Injuries↗
PubMed1995

Anti-inflammatory therapy in sports injury. The role of nonsteroidal drugs and corticosteroid injection.

Strong statements regarding the efficacy of anti-inflammatory medication are based primarily on experience with rheumatic disease. Such experience, over 32 years, involving more than 400,000 injections in more than 12,000 patients, has led Hollander and associates to conclude that "no other form of treatment for arthritis has given such consistent local symptomatic relief in so many for so long with so few harmful effects." Such endorsement has not been clearly transferrable to sports medicine experience. Anti-inflammatory medications can unquestionably affect excessive inflammation. Whether this tissue effect is significant with regard to enhancing sports performance has been difficult to prove. To quote Oriole baseball pitcher Jim Palmer, "cortisone is a miracle drug ... for a week!" Perhaps this is because in rheumatologic disease, inflammation is the problem, whereas in sports injury, performance recovery depends on restoration of both the injured tissue and its kinetic environment. The tendency to place an inflammatory label (i.e., "itis") on sports-induced pain has promoted the value of anti-inflammatory treatment while risking a de-emphasis of the role of physical rehabilitation and even well-timed surgical repair. If pain and signs of inflammation are persistent, repeated efforts to turn off the body's alarm is not a substitute for finding the cause of the fire. Indeed, to remove the "fire alarm" of pain from the onset of an injury can clearly place the athlete in great jeopardy with respect to tissue overload and failure. Perhaps the greatest criticism that can be raised regarding anti-inflammatory treatment as a sole solution in sports injury is that it tends, in its worst application, to be too passive and dependent a modality and does not challenge the athlete's sense of responsibility to properly train, condition, and develop correct technique. Thus, anti-inflammatory therapy may succeed only if the patient has been instilled with the proper expectations and responsibilities. Increasing knowledge of the pathobiology of sports injury and the various treatments required for complete recovery has led the experienced clinician to rely far less upon anti-inflammatory medication as a long-term solution. Nevertheless, until more biologically selective drugs become available, the judicious application of anti-inflammatory therapy remains a useful, albeit adjunctive therapy for sports injury. The successful clinical rationale is best arrived at not by random selection but by cautious individualized prescription.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1994

An unusual intracranial metastasis of osteosarcoma.

Intracranial metastasis is unusual in osteosarcoma. A case of osteosarcoma was presented with a large intracranial "stone" which was a subdural convexity metastasis. Smaller epidural metastases over other areas were noted also in brain CT scan. Using the radiographs and bone scans, many other lesions at bones, the mediastinum, pleura, perirenal space, and adrenal gland were detected simultaneously. This condition might result from either early metastases or multifocal osteosarcomas. Because many of the above lesion sites were not frequent locations of primary osteosarcoma and had been reported as metastatic targets of osteosarcoma. So the explanation of a very malignant osteosarcoma with early metastases may be more appropriate for this case. The baseball-like tumor in the subdural space with marked compression of the brain surface was grossly totally excised. Histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of osteosarcoma. Postoperatively, the man's condition improved dramatically, though only for two months. He died 5 months later. Reports of such metastatic osteosarcomas are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Patterns of injuries in athletes evaluated in an interdisciplinary clinic.

The pattern of sports injuries appears to be population-specific. The purpose of the present study is to describe 1750 injuries evaluated between April 1988 and April 1994 in our Olympic Training Center Interdisciplinary Sports Injury Clinic. Our patient population included elite and recreational athletes of both sexes between the ages of 7 and 71 years. Males comprised 73% of the patient population and approximately 80% of the injuries corresponded to the 10 to 29 age range. The most frequent sports in males were baseball (21.9%) and basketball (15.9%) and in females were track and field (17.1%) and gymnastics (15.1%). Most injuries (52%) were traumatic in nature, chronic (71.6%), and occurred during training sessions (57.4%). The most commonly affected anatomical areas were the knee (31.2%) and shoulder (15.5%). The most common diagnoses were tendinitis (25.4%), and first degree strains (11.8%) and sprains (9.3%). Finally, treatment strategies included medications (61.0%), physical therapy (48.9%), relative rest (35.7%), and home exercise programs (35.2%). The variety of musculoskeletal disorders seen in combination with the frequent use of conservative treatment confirms the importance of an interdisciplinary approach to sports injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Medial epicondylitis. Etiology, diagnosis, therapeutic modalities].

Medial epicondylitis is rather uncommon, less frequent than external epicondylitis. For this reason, the diagnosis is thought of rather late. While taking the history, one should try to find out the possible causative effects. Symptoms of irritation of the cubital nerve, which are present in one out of five cases should be looked for. Several sports such as baseball, javelin or weight throwing, volleyball, climbing, tennis, golf, which need a strong flexion of the hand and fingers can induce this condition. However, in more than half of our patients, sports or professional activities were not in cause. The majority were housewives and do-it-yourself enthusiasts. Among our 55 operated cases, out of which few had professional or sports activities, we did not encounter during the operation the macroscopic tendinous lesions that are sometimes described by some authors. The treatment should be conservative in all cases. This includes rest, anti-inflammatory drugs, physiotherapy, muscular stretching, immobilisation in a cast, steroid infiltrations. One patient out of ten will have to be operated on. The operative techniques differ on some details, but they all include the desinsertion of the flexor muscles on the medial epicondyle. When there are clinical signs of irritation of the cubital nerve, it should be transposed anteriorly. The result of these operations is good in more than 90 per cent of the cases. However, a come back to professional sport can take as long as 8 months.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMed1996

Proper swing technique and biomechanics of golf.

Golf is an alluring sport because there are many different ways for an individual to create good, effective golf swings. The key for teachers and players is to design good swings that are not physically debilitating. The human body certainly was not designed with golf in mind. That does not mean, however, that golf must be physically damaging. The current fixation on injury has more to do today with the type of player than the game itself. Many of the new players in golf today are older, generally between 30 and 55 years. They come to golf from other sports, such as tennis, jogging, basketball, baseball, and so on. The injuries we see today in golf have probably been brewing in other sports for many years. Golf is simply the current sport of choice, but it often is seen as the culprit for injury. This is all the more reason for continuing to educate players and teachers in the hope that they can create pain-free and injury-free golf swings. If injury prevention moves to the forefront of modern-day teaching, there will be an opportunity to change the way golf is taught and played. That is a mission well worth undertaking.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A campaign with street cred to target teenagers with asthma.

Failure to use asthma medication among young people has contributed to significant levels of morbidity. This report describes an attempt to address this issue through the development of a teenage-asthma initiative focusing on an inhaler rap record. The help of Byker Grove stars, the former Newcastle United player Scott Sellars and many other famous names was enlisted to facilitate the campaign. A nine-minute pop video which has been produced in collaboration with the multidisciplinary health care team forms the campaign's centerpiece. The video is supported by karaoke version of the inhaler rap, aerobic type exercises, posters, T-shirts and baseball caps. An education quiz is used to evaluate the programme.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Shatter resistance of spectacle lenses.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relative strength and shatter resistance of spectacle lenses currently used in sunglasses and dress, sports, and industrial eyewear. DESIGN: Seven lenses that met the US American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z80 standards for dress glasses (made of high-index plastic, allyl resin plastic, heat tempered glass, chemically tempered glass, and polycarbonate, and with center thickness ranging from 1 mm to 2.2 mm) and 4 lenses that met ANSI Z87 standards for industrial safety eyewear (allyl resin plastic, heat-tempered glass, chemically tempered glass, and polycarbonate, all with 3.0-mm center thickness) were tested for impact resistance to 5 projectiles (air gun pellets, golf balls, tennis balls, lacrosse balls, and baseballs). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Impact energy required to shatter spectacle lenses. RESULTS: Based on 348 lens impacts, dress and industrial lenses made from glass, allyl resin plastic, and high-index plastic shattered at impact energies less than those expected to be encountered from the test projectiles during their routine use. Polycarbonate lenses demonstrated resistance to impact for all tested projectiles exceeding the impact potential expected during routine use. CONCLUSIONS: Under the test conditions of this study, polycarbonate lenses demonstrated greater impact resistance than other commonly used spectacle lenses that conform to prevailing eyewear standards. These findings suggest that current ANSI Z80 and ANSI Z87 standards should be reevaluated.

Eye Protective Devices↗
PubMed1996

[Non-cardiac causes of acute ischemia in the arms].

Among a series of 286 cases of acute ischemia of the upper limb, we analyzed the files of 176 patients (61.5%) with noncardiac ischemia in order to identify the causes and treatment. Trauma was the most frequent cause (126 cases) including trauma of the forearm especially due to stab wounds. Lesions with a subclavian-axillary localization were predominantly due to tear wounds or blunt trauma. We analyzed two groups among the trauma cases: iatrogenic lesions (9 cases) usually resulted from orthopedic surgery (5 cases) or vascular catheterization (3 cases) as well as near-total limb amputations (13) cases. Thrombosis of the subclavian artery occurred in 33 patients; 9 had acute ischemia including 3 due to a cervical rib and 6 due to compression by the rib and the clavicle. Only 4 of these 33 patients suffered ischemia of the hand due to embolization. Acute ischemia was caused by arteriopathy of the hand in 8 patients including 2 volley ball players, 1 baseball player and 3 subjects with occupational microtrauma and 1 with thrombosis of the palmar arch. Finally 1 patient had thrombosis after intravenous drug injection. These files demonstrated the variety of non-cardiac causes of acute ischemia of the upper limb. During the acute phase, we propose locoregional thrombolysis in case of thrombosis and embolectomy for emboli followed by treatment of the casual lesion. An arteriography is essential for correct diagnosis and should include the subclavian artery in the hyperabduction position and the hand. Duplex scanning of the subclavian artery is indicated in case of ischemia of the hand using the Adson, McGowan and Wright maneuvers in order to guide the radiologist for invasive radiography before initiating appropriate treatment.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Athletic physeal injury in children and adolescents.

Physeal injuries occur in 15% of children with fractures, and 10% of all physeal injuries are sport related. Soccer, alpine skiing, gymnastics, weight lifting and baseball are sports commonly associated with physeal injury. Swelling, hyperemia, and deformity in the physeal area are the classical signs of physeal injury. Pain may be less intense than with other fractures. Treatment usually includes immobilization. Growth disturbance depends on extent of the injury and the amount of remaining growth potential. Prevention should focus on sport participation within the parameters of ability, maturation, and use of proper equipment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Flexor digitorum superficialis rupture: a case report.

A rupture of the musculotendinous junction of the flexor digitorum superficialis to the index finger in a baseball pitcher is described. No underlying abnormality could be detected. Because of loss of strength and dexterity, repair of the rupture was accomplished with an improved result.

Adolescent↗