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PubMedDate not supplied

Bacteriuria in intermittent catheterization users: the effect of sterile versus clean reused catheters.

Monthly urine cultures were analyzed at the University of Alberta Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases to determine whether single-use sterile catheters and clean technique reduced the incidence of bacterial colonization in those using long-term intermittent self-catheterization. Thirty subjects with spina bifida, ages 3 years to 16 years, entered a crossover study with random assignment to 6 months of sterile single-use catheters or clean reused catheters. Seventeen subjects were catheterized by a parent or caregiver; 13 were responsible for self-catheterization and cleaning of the catheters. Six months of descriptive data were also collected at Alberta Children's Hospital from a similar group of subjects with spina bifida who used sterile catheters only. In the crossover group, 38% of all urine cultures were positive regardless of whether sterile single-use or clean reused catheters were employed. The other group using only sterile catheters had a 36% positive culture rate. No difference in positive cultures was found between males and females or between children who catheterized themselves and children whose parents catheterized them. The authors concluded that plastic urethral catheters may be reused.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The electrified catheter. Role in sterilizing urine and decreasing bacteriuria.

A catheter was designed to decrease the incidence of catheter-induced urinary infections. A randomized, controlled study was performed to assess its safety and efficacy. The study comprised 24 patients subjected to hemorrhoidectomy. The criteria for entry were a preoperative urinary pathogen count below 10(5) colony-forming units/ml urine as well as postoperative urinary retention that did not respond to conservative measures. The 24 patients were randomly assigned to treatment using a Nelaton catheter in 12 patients and an electrified catheter in the remaining 12. The catheters were left in place for 3 days, during which cephalosporin was given parenterally. The electrified catheter (EC) carried two silver-silver chloride electrodes. During the 3 days of catheterization and for 4 days thereafter, daily urine samples were cultured. The criterion for catheter-induced urinary infection was a pathogen count above 10(5) colony-forming units/ml urine. No complication was encountered from catheterization. Electrodes were not broken. A bacterial count above 10(5) colony-forming units was found in 7 of 12 patients in the Nelaton catheter group, and a count below 10(5) units was determined in the 12 patients in the EC group. The study demonstrated that the EC can decrease the incidence of catheter-induced urinary infections. The EC is safe, cost-effective, and without complications.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1985

The use of acridine orange staining and image analysis to detect bacteriuria.

Fifty urine samples from a variety of urological patients were analysed using the fluorochrome acridine orange in an automated system. The results were compared with standard colony counts. The method has a potential value in the detection of significant infection particularly in population studies.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed1985

The screening of more than 2,000 schoolgirls for bacteriuria using an automated fluorescence microscopy system.

After initial evaluation of a manual fluorescence microscopy system on a variety of urines the method was automated and subsequently tested in a population survey of urinary tract infection in schoolgirls. This automated Bactoscan system allowed a rapid analysis of urine samples and with the introduction of modifications to the staining protocol it correctly eliminated 91% of samples as being not significantly infected.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed1985

A survey of bacteriuria in 2,234 schoolgirls in a Scottish new town.

The prevalence of urinary tract infection in a modern Scottish town has been ascertained in female school children aged 5-12. In 2,234 girls the initial prevalence of urinary tract infection is 3.3%. In addition to the information on urinary tract infection the social and personal history was available including data on incontinence, enuresis and current antibiotic therapy. The necessity to have a system available which allows a cheap and rapid assessment of population surveys is made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

A modified nitrite test as a screening test for significant bacteriuria.

The presence of nitrite was initially assessed in 306 specimens of urine. If the initial result was negative a sample of urine was incubated at 37 degrees C. The other portion was also incubated but with the addition of one drop of 1% NaNO3, and the nitrite test was then repeated. The results were correlated with the results of quantitative routine urine culture. The modified test significantly (P less than 0.01) improved the sensitivity (93% v 21%), and the predictive negative value (97% v 80%).

Bacteriuria↗