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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Sleeve resection of the bronchus and the pulmonary artery for pulmonary lesions.

The tissue preserving resections for non-small-cell bronchial carcinoma can be grouped into three main categories: I. bronchoplastic procedures, II. angioplastic procedures, and III. concomitant broncho- and angioplastic procedures, and into the subgroups, standard and extended sleeve resection. The indication are; elderly patients, impaired respiratory reserve, limited tumour growth, and palliative surgery. The analysis of 229 cases yielded follow-up data in 192. The estimated 5 year survival rate was 34 per cent, 19 per cent and 14 per cent in categories I, II and III, respectively. The decrease in survival was due to a greater tumour burden. The operative mortality rate was 8.9 per cent in category I and 17 per cent in category III, such being comparable with standard or extended pneumonectomy, respectively. Surgical techniques and postoperative complications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Furosemide-induced bronchodilation in the rat bronchus: evidence of a role for prostaglandins.

Pretreatment with inhaled fuorsemide has been shown to protect against bronchoconstrictive stimuli that indirectly activate airway smooth muscle. However, it is controversial as to whether furosemide acts directly on airway smooth muscle. To investigate this we studied the effect of furosemide on both methacholine (MCh)- and serotonin (5-HT)-induced bronchoconstriction in explanted rat airways. Lungs from 21 Sprague-Dawley rats (269 +/- 15 g) were excised, inflated with agarose solution at 37 degrees C (1% w/v, 48 ml/kg), embedded in 4% agarose, and refrigerated to gel the agarose. Lung slices (0.5-1.0 mm thick) were cultured overnight at 37 degrees C. Explants were placed on a dissecting video microscope, and airway area was measured with an image analysis system. MCh or 5-HT was administered directly to explanted airways (final concentrations 3.8 x 10(-6) M and 3.8 x 10(-5) M, respectively). Five min later furosemide (3.7 x 10(-5) M or 3.7 x 10(-4) M) was added and airway area monitored 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min later. Results were expressed as a percentage of the maximal response. Significant bronchodilation was seen after 30 min in airways preconstricted with MCh and after 15 min in those preconstricted with 5-HT following 3.7 x 10(-4) M furosemide (p < 0.05). 3.7 x 10(-5) M furosemide caused bronchodilation only at 60 min in airways constricted with 5-HT. The effect was blocked by a 30-min incubation of explants with 10(-6) M indomethacin. The furosemide-induced bronchodilation effect was not observed in airways strongly constricted with 3.8 x 10(-5) M MCh. These findings indicate that in the rat at least, furosemide induces a weak bronchodilator effect present only at high doses, which seems to be dependent on the production of prostaglandins. This effect may be relevant to the observed therapeutic action of furosemide in asthmatics.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Endoluminal therapy of the trachea and bronchus].

The application of endoscopic techniques is common in the treatment of tracheal and bronchial diseases today. Bronchoscopic interventions are used in both elective and emergency situations. Laser therapy for malignant tumors is purely palliative in most cases and should only be performed in nonsurgical patients. However, 30% of lung cancers cause obstruction in the trachea and main bronchi. Benign tumors and tracheal stenoses could require laser recanalization or the implantation of stents, if surgery will be the second step or will not be possible. In patients with foreign body aspiration, massive hemoptysis, or severe obstruction of the trachea, emergency bronchoscopy is necessary. A more recent type of bronchoscopic intervention is the treatment of bronchial stump or anastomosis insufficiency as well as minimal iatrogenic injuries using spongiotic fillings or stent implantation. The use of therapeutic bronchoscopy requires great experience in rigid and flexible bronchoscopy, the possibility of high-frequency jet ventilation as well as laser and argon application, and the possibility to implant different types of stents. More advanced bronchoscopic interventions should only be done if a department of thoracic surgery exists, in view of the potential need to control complications or perform further treatment. Especially the bronchoscopic treatment of tracheal stenosis should be performed by the thoracic surgeon himself or in close contact with a thoracic surgeon who is experienced in tracheal resections.

Adult↗