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Peasant struggles and social change: migration, households and gender in a rural Turkish society.

"This article sheds light on the interrelationship of seasonal migration, subsistence production and peasant relations in a community (Sakli) located in Turkey's northwestern countryside.... While migrant labor is understood by local villagers as forming part of a continual battle to preserve local tradition and kinship ties, this article shows how it reduces the dominion of landlords while creating internal household differentiation and gendered hierarchies."

Asia↗

Decision, 1980.

The Court ruled that the right of a woman to custody over her ward is not affected by the fact that she goes out to work if she leaves the ward in the care of a suitably diligent and qualified person during her absence.

Asia↗

Age of retirement legislation, March 1987.

This legislation provides that, under any collective agreement in which the retirement age for female workers is lower than that for male workers, women can choose to retire at any point between the different ages set for men and women. Passage of this legislation followed a decision of the National Labour Court that setting a different retirement age for men and women in a collective agreement did not constitute discrimination.

Asia↗

Law No. 5 of 1985 (Civil Code), 1985.

Among other things this Law contains the following provisions: Article 71. (1) The personality (status of person) of a human being shall commence at the moment of being born alive. It shall terminate upon his death. (2) The law shall lay down the rights of a foetus in utero. Article 72. (1) The facts of birth and death shall be recorded (or: proved) by entries in registers kept for that purpose. (2) If there is no such evidence or if it should appear that the entries in the register are incorrect, it shall be permissible to prove the same by any legal means of proof. Article 76. (1) The family of a person shall consist of his spouse and relatives. (2) All persons coming from a common stock shall be deemed to be relatives. Article 77. (1) A direct relationship is the relationship of root and branch (direct lineage). An indirect relationship is the link between persons of common stock without direct lineage, whether or not within the degree of consanguinity precluding marriage. Article 78. In calculating the degree of direct relationship each upwards stage of generation to the source shall be regarded as one degree away from that source. In calculating the degree of indirect relationship degrees of ascent from the descendants to the common origin shall be taken into account, and then downwards from him to the last generation, and each stage shall be counted as a degree with the exception of the common source. Article 79. One of the relations of the spouses shall be regarded as having the same degree of relationship to the other spouse.

Asia↗

Penal Code, 20 December 1987.

Section 340 of this Code provides that any person inducing a voluntary pregnancy termination in a pregnant woman by providing her with medicaments or by using instruments for this purpose is liable to up to five years' imprisonment. The maximum penalty is increased to seven years if the termination is performed without the woman's consent.

Abortion, Induced↗