Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “ANTHELMINTICS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Effects of repeated anthelmintic treatment on Enterobius vermicularis infection in chimpanzees.

Effects of repeated treatment with pyrantel pamoate on Enterobius vermicularis infection in chimpanzees were assessed by observing worms discharged in the feces after administration of anthelmintic treatment. Three of 9 chimpanzees reared in a zoological garden in Japan were subjected to fecal worm count and morphometric observation, and all were given oral pyrantel pamoate 6 times at 10-day intervals simultaneously. Following the first and second treatments, more than 30,000 pinworms were discharged from 1 chimpanzee. The number of discharged worms abruptly decreased after the third treatment, and only a few worms were recovered after the fifth treatment, indicating that repeated treatment at short intervals was very effective. Complete eradication was not achieved, however, presumably because of reinfection. The female proportion among discharged worms tended to increase as the treatment was repeated.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Internal parasite levels and response to anthelmintic treatment by beef cows and calves.

Albendazole (methyl 5-propylthio-1 H-benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate) was used as an anthelmintic in a 3-yr study involving 578 beef cows and 438 nursing calves. Infection levels for nematodes, coccidia, and tapeworm were relatively low throughout the 3-yr period. Eggs per gram of feces in cows and calves were lower (P less than .01) 2 wk posttreatment but were not different 5 mo later, when calves were weaned. Cow weight gain, rate and time of conception, and adjusted calf weaning weights were not affected significantly by deworming of either cows or calves. Level of nematode infection measured as eggs per gram of feces was higher (P less than .01) in younger cows than in mature cows. Although deworming with Albendazole lowered (P less than .01) nematode infection levels, no responses were observed in cow or calf performance.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Effect of an anthelmintic program with morantel tartrate on the performance of beef cattle.

A field trial was conducted to determine (1) the effectiveness of an anthelmintic program using morantel tartrate (MT) to control subclinical gastrointestinal parasitism among cattle on pasture and (2) the effects of the program on the performance of cattle. Two Hereford herds, each on a separate pasture with forage of comparable quality and quantity, were used. A stocking rate of .62 ha/cow-calf was maintained in both pastures. One herd consisted of 124 cows and 122 calves and served as a non-mediated control group. The second herd consisted of 126 cows and 124 calves. Cows and calves from the latter group were treated with a bolus formulation of MT at a dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight at the beginning of the trial and again 55 d later. Calves were treated again 42 d after the second treatment. Cattle were weighed individually each month and rectal fecal samples for nematode egg counts were obtained from 36 cows and 36 calves from each group at that time. These donor cattle were selected at random at the time of the first weighing; fecal samples were then obtained from the same animals throughout the study. Eggs of the Cooperia-Ostertagia-Trichostrongylus complex predominated in all fecal samplings. There was no difference in the number of nematode eggs from the two groups of cows. However, the medicated cows gained significantly more weight than the controls and had an average weight gain advantage of 28.8 kg. The medicated calves had significantly lower average egg counts and made higher weight gains than the unmedicated calves. The medicated calves had an average weight gain advantage over the control group of 11.1 kg.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Anthelmintic treatment of nonpastured dairy cows in California.

Many dairy cattle are housed under drylot conditions, which generally are not considered conducive to elevated populations of gastrointestinal parasites. Thus, an examination of the potential benefits to be obtained by anthelmintic treatment of lactating cows under these circumstances was initiated. Because there were no statistically significant differences in milk production between control and treated groups, routine deworming cannot be considered economically sound under the management conditions described.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Evaluation of anthelmintic treatment of Enterobius vermicularis infection in highly endemic population by prolonged observation.

To evaluate the efficacy of anthelmintic treatment of Enterobius vermicularis in highly endemic population, total 82 children in two orphanage institutes were divided into 4 groups and treated with placebo, 5 mg/kg of pyrvinium pamoate, 100 mg of mebendazole and 10 mg/kg of pyrantel pamoate respectively. Total 4 anal swabs were taken from each child before treatment and the even distributions of positive rate and consecutive results between groups were considered. Follow-up swabs were taken 8 times up to the 40th day after treatment. After remarkable and significant reduction of positive rates up to 19-27th day after treatment in respective groups, the remarkable egg positive conversions were observed 3-4 weeks after treatment. The positive conversion was the earliest and the most remarkable in pyrantel-treated children and the slowest and the least remarkable in mebendazole-treated cases. Also found was that the figures of negative conversion were different with statistical significance between two categories of cases, consecutively positive and alternately positive cases of pre-treatment swabs. This means that the conventional indices of cure rate in E. vermicularis infection may be variable by the selection of subjected cases. Above results mean that the spectrum of susceptible pinworms according to the developmental stages are different between currently available drugs, and the ability to remove pinworms completely in certain developmental stage are also different between chemotherapeutics. These results suggest the need of interval chemotherapy of Enterobius vermicularis infection in heavily infected cases of in highly endemic population to achieve the complete eradication of whole range of pinworms in intestine.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1977

[Anthelmintic Effect Of Oxantel And Oxantel/pyrantel Tablets Against Intestinal Nematode Infections]

Present trial was carried out to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy of oxantel/pyrantel tablets against intestinal nematode infections, and to determine the efficacy of oxantel tablels against Trichuris infection. A total of 34 subjects with the mixed infections were treated with oxantel/pyrantel tablets (100 mg/tablet each) in a single dose of 15 mg/kg body weight, and another group of 22 Trichuris infected cases received oxantel pamoate tablets (125 mg/tablet) in a single dose of 15 mg/kg. All stool examinations were done before the treatment and 3 weeks after the treatment. The cellophane thick smear (Kato's technique) and Stoll's dilution egg counting method were employed. The results of the trial were summarized as follows: 1. The cure rates (egg negative conversion rates) and egg reduction rates for oxantel/pyrantel tablets were 85.3% and 97% in trichuriasis, 100% each in ascariasis and ancylostomiasis. 2. The oxantel tablet treated group demonstrated a cure rate of 90.9% and an egg reduction rate of 96.3% in the treatment of Trichuris. 3. There were no detectable objective and subjective side effects in this trial. Both oxantel/pyrantel and oxantel pamoate tablets were readily accepted and well tolerated.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1978

[Anthelmintic Effects Of Various Drugs Against Metagonimiasis]

The infection of Metagonimus yokogawai has been known to be present nationwidely and endemic in some parts in Korea. In order to select a highly effective compound against Metagonimus infections, the therapeutic effects were observed in 156 cases who were treated with several anthelmintic i.e. bithionol, niclosamide, niclofolan and praziquantel. All of the above drugs showed highly effective to the treatment of metagonimiasis by a single or two medication days. The egg reduction rates were in the range of 80.2 to 100 per cent. However, relatively low cure rates(8.3 to 37.5%) were observed in the groups treated by two doses of 30 mg/kg of bithionol, a single day treatment with 100 mg/kg of niclosamide and two doses of 1.0 mg/kg of niclofolan. On the other hand, the high cure rates were observed at the following dose rates of each drugs, i.e. the cure rate of 66.7% was obtained at two doses of 100 mg/kg of niclosamide, 88.9% of cure rate was observed at two doses of 2.0 mg/kg of niclofolan and a single dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg of praziquantel were shown as 85.0% and 88.0% of cure rates respectively. But the complete radical cure was obtained in the group treated by two doses of 20 mg/kg of praziquantel in 10 metagonimiasis cases. From the above results praziquantel was shown as the most highly effective against metagonimiasis and it was well tolerated without any side effect. Therefore, praziquantel is a very promising drug for mass treatment against metagonimiasis.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1980

Anthelmintic effect of amidental (Bay d 8815) against Ancylostoma duodenale infection.

A new anthelmintic, amidantel(Bay d 8815), an acetylated p-amino-phenyl-acetamidine was tried in 140 patients with Ancylostoma duodenale and other helminth infections. In the first trial, each 16 cases in 64 patients with A. duodenale were treated with 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 or 10.0 mg/kg body weight of amidantel including placebo control. Another 76 patients infected with hookworms and other helminths were treated with 5.0, 6.0 and 8.0 mg/kg body weight of amidantel in the second trial. In order to assess the efficacy and safety of the drug, follow-up examination by repeated and replicated examinations over three consecutive days were performed at 14 to 16 days and 28 to 30 days after treatment, And complete laboratory studies including ECG were carried out before and one day after the medication. In the results, it was confirmed that amidantel is very effective against A. duodenale as well as Ascaris lumbricoides. With regard to dosage, a single dose of 6.0 mg/kg body weight of amidantel was found to be the most effective and well tolerated than the other dosages employed. In a single dose of 6.0 mg/kg body weight the cure rates were 93.8 and 96.6 per cent for A. duodenale infection and 90.9 and 93.1 per cent for ascariasis in the first and second trials respectivley. Relatively significant activity was also observed against Necator americanus at the dosages employed, however it was not superior to other drugs currently use. No significant activity was noted against Trichuris trichiura. Side effects including headache, nausea, dizziness and abdominal discomfort were usually mild and transient. No significant changes attributable to therapy were observed in hematology, blood biochemistry and urinalysis as well as ECG.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1981

[Anthelmintic Effects Of Single Doses Of Fenbendazole And Oxantel-Pyrantel Pamoate To The Intestinal Nematodes]

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anthelmintic effects of fenbendazole against intestinal nematode; Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura, and to compare the efficacy in fenbendazole, oxantel-pyrantel pamoate and placebo by means of double blind method. Out of 114 subjects harbouring Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura, 36 cases were treated with single dose of fenbendazole, 38 cases with oxantel-pyrantel pamoate, and the remaining 40 cases had received the placebo. The results were as follows: 1. In the group treated with fenbendazole (30~50 mg/kg), the cure rates were 83.9 per cent in 31 subjects with Ascaris lumbricoides and 83.3 per cent in 18 subjects with hookworm, and only 28.6 per cent in 28 subjects with T. trichiura respectively. 2. In the group treated with a single dose of oxantel-pyrantel pamoate (10 mg/mg), the cure rates were 96.7 per cent in 30 subjects with A. lumbricoides, 95.2 per cent in 21 subjects with hookworm, and 54.6 per cent in 33 subjects with T. trichiura. Egg reduction rate was 85.7 per cent in T. trichiura cases. 3. On the other hand, the egg negative conversion rates in placebo group were 9.7, 8.3 and 33.3 per cent in Ascaris, Trichuris and hookworm infections respectively. 4. The above results showed that fenbendazole was highly effective against Ascaris and hookworm. However, incomparisom with oxantel-pyrantel pamoate, fenbendazole was less effective in regards of A. lumbricoides, hookworm and T. trichiura infections.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1985

Effect of anthelmintics on the early stage of Enterobius vermicularis.

In order to determine the susceptible age of Enterobius vermicularis to anthelmintics and to observe the chronologic growth of female E. vermicularis in man, experimental infections were done. About 500 eggs were challenged to 19 volunteers. After 4, 8, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 and 35 days of infection, each case was treated by either mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate. On the 40th day of infection all cases including control were treated again to terminate the expermental infection and to evaluate the effect of previous treatment. Each case collected 3-day stools to harvest the expelled worms. The results could be summarized as follows: The infection rates of females were in range of 0.6~13.1% in control cases. Because the collected worms showed comparable growth and development by day, the worns were concluded to be derived from experimental infection. Cases that were treated with mebendazole on 4, 8 and 16 days after infection expelled 37.5%, 2.5% and 67.5% of the number expelled by a control case on the 40th day. Cases treated thereafter expelled no worms on the 40 days. Cases that were treated with pyrantel pamoates on 4, 8, 16, 24, 28, 32 and 35 days, expelled 90.7%, 25%, 45.3%, 8%, 2.7%, 5% and 29.3% of the number collected from control cases in respect. All the worms collected were females. The total body length increased consistently and comparably from the 20th day of infection. Those collected on the 20th day were 2.5~3.0 mm long with vigina, sac-like structure and strands of ovaries; 24 day-old worms may have short uterus, 28 day-old worms had long uterus without eggs, 32 day-old worms began to produce eggs, 35 day-old worms showed wide variations in egg deposit in uterus, and 40 day-old worms had uterus filled with eggs from vulva to anal levels. From the above results, it was inferred that the life span of female Enterobius vermicularis was longer than 40 days, and the developmental stages of worms younger than 16 days resisted considerably to both mebendazole and pyrantel pamoate.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Albendazole: a new broad spectrum anthelmintic. Double-blind multicenter clinical trial.

A new anthelmintic drug, albendazole, has been tested in a multicenter double-blind placebo controlled study in 392 patients from France and West Africa in children and adults with single or mixed infections caused by roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, threadworms and tapeworms. All patients were closely observed before and after treatment for clinical side effects, hematological or clinical blood chemical changes. Fecal samples obtained before, and 7 days and 21 days after treatment were examined using a concentration technic (Ritchie), a coproculture (Harada-Mori) and an egg count (Kato). Following a single dose of 400 mg in adults, cure rates of 96% in ascaridiasis, 96% in ancylostomiasis caused by dose of 400 mg in adults, cure rates of 96% in ascaridiasis, 96% in ancylostomiasis caused by Ancylostoma duodenale, 90% in ancylostomiasis caused by Necator americanus and 76% in trichuriasis were recorded. About 48% of the patients infected by Strongyloides stercoralis were cured following administration of 400 mg per day for 3 consecutive days. The efficacy of half of the adult dose (200 mg) was much lower in children. None of the patients who received placebo were cured. The drug did not produce any significant side effects and approximately the same numbers were reported in the albendazole and the placebo groups. No variations of the hematology and clinical blood chemistry values were recorded.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Clinical trials with mebendazole a new broad spectrum anthelmintic.

This paper presents our experience with mebendazole, a new broad-spectrum anthelmintic, in 91 cases with ascariasis, 71 cases with necatoriasis 54 cases with trichuriasis and 10 cases with T. saginata infection. Various dosage schedules were evaluated. In ascariasis, a single dose of 200 mg was effective in totally clearing the infection in 100 per cent cases. In necatoriasis 200 mg twice daily for four days was found to be the most effective dose. With this dose total eradication of the infection was seen in 92 per cent cases. In trichuriasis, 200 mg twice daily for four days totally eradicated the infection in 90 per cent cases. In T. saginata infection, the drug was totally ineffective. The anthelminitic activity of the drug was demonstrated by the recovery of roundworms, hookworms and whipworms from the stools. The drug was well tolerated. No side effects or toxic effects were seen in any of the cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Influence of the anthelmintic mebendazole on microtubules and intracellular organelle movement in nematode intestinal cells.

The ultrastructural changes in the intestines of Ascaris suum and Syngamus trachea, induced by in vivo treatment of the hosts with the anthelmintic mebendazole, are reported. The primary site of drug action seemed to be the organelles involved in the secretory mechanism of the intestinal cells. The block in the transport of secretory granules and in the movement of other subcellular organelles coincided clearly with the disappearance of cytoplasmic microtubules. On the other hand, the microtubular system of the host cells was unaffected by the treatment. Degenerative changes in the intestinal cells of the parasites observed afterwards were correlated with the primary deteriorative effect of the drug on cytoplasmic microtubules.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed2002

The anthelmintic drug mebendazole induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis by depolymerizing tubulin in non-small cell lung cancer cells.

Microtubules have a critical role in cell division, and consequently various microtubule inhibitors have been developed as anticancer drugs. In this study, we assess mebendazole (MZ), a microtubule-disrupting anthelmintic that exhibits a potent antitumor property both in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of lung cancer cell lines with MZ caused mitotic arrest, followed by apoptotic cell death with the feature of caspase activation and cytochrome c release. MZ induces abnormal spindle formation in mitotic cancer cells and enhances the depolymerization of tubulin, but the efficacy of depolymerization by MZ is lower than that by nocodazole. Oral administration of MZ in mice elicited a strong antitumor effect in a s.c. model and reduced lung colonies in experimentally induced lung metastasis without any toxicity when compared with paclitaxel-treated mice. We speculate that tumor cells may be defective in one mitotic checkpoint function and sensitive to the spindle inhibitor MZ. Abnormal spindle formation may be the key factor determining whether a cell undergoes apoptosis, whereas strong microtubule inhibitors elicit toxicity even in normal cells.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Controlled evaluation of fenbendazole as a bovine anthelmintic.

Calves experimentally infected with Haemonchus, Ostertagia, and Cooperia, and to lesser degrees with Trichostrongylus, Oesophagostomum, Nematodirus, and Bunostomum were used in a controlled experiment to record the anthelmintic efficacy of a benzimidazole compound methyl 5-(phenylthio)-2-benzimidazolecarbamate at dosage levels of 3.5, 5, and 7.5 mg/kg bodyweight. With the 3 dosages, reductions of Haemonchus were 96.7, 99.2, and 99.8%; of Ostertagia, 97.2, 97.2, and 99.5%; and of Cooperia, 99.9, 99.9, and 99.9%. Pronounced reductions were also recorded for Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Trichuris, and Capillaria, but these populations were too numerically small or too unevenly distributed within the control groups to be given much emphasis. The experimental parasitic populations which developed in the 10 control calves amounted to 91, 763 worms (total).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The search for new antiparasitic agents. 11. The acute toxicity and anticestodal activity of the new anthelmintic Tizanox compared with Azinox].

A synthesis is described and the results of toxicological trial of the potential anthelmintic agent G-1587 are presented. The agent is 2-(cyclohexylcarbonyl)-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-[1, 2,5] thiadiazino [3,2-a] isoquinoline-4,4-dioxide. The agent was shown to have a low toxicity, the maximal sublethal dose for mice being 4.0 g/kg when given per os.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of the anthelmintic activity of extracts from Luxemburgia octandra St. Hill. in mice naturally infected with Aspiculuris tetraptera and Vampirolepis nana].

The anthelmintic activity of the extracts obtained from Luxemburgia octandra was evaluated naturally infected mice with Aspiculuris tetraptera and Vampirolepis nana. The leaves extracts were obtained through maceration and given to the animals by gavage in doses 8 and 20 mg/kg during three days. The ethanolic and ethyl acetate extracts presented significant increase of the V. nana elimination, but did not present the nematicide effect against A. tetraptera.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Effect of strategic anthelmintic treatment and pasture management on productivity and control of nematode parasites in weaner-yearling beef cattle.

Three groups of 17 beef calves were used to evaluate effects of strategic anthelmintic treatment on safe (group 1) and contaminated (group 2) pasture in comparison with minimal treatment at weaning and contaminated pasture (group 3). The investigation extended from weaning in November 1982 to the following August. Results of faecal egg counts, herbage larval counts, plasma pepsinogen and tracer calf worm counts in autumn and spring indicated minimal levels of infection on safe pastures provided in November and April (group 1). A decided weight gain advantage for group 1 was achieved from November to April, but the rate of gain was not consistent after April and transfer to the second safe pasture. Final average weights in late August were: group 1, 368 kg; group 2, 336 kg; group 3, 262 kg. All were significantly different (P less than 0.05). Worm counts from representative yearlings in September revealed low to moderate levels of Ostertagia ostertagi in group 1. In contrast group 2 cattle had large, almost exclusively O ostertagi infections; group 3 cattle had exceedingly high levels of Trichostrongylus axei infection and moderate to high levels of O ostertagi. Marginal evidence of type 2 ostertagiasis was observed in individual animals of group 2 and group 3.

Animal Feed↗