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At least 883 records · Page 49Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Lipopolysaccharide induces inflammatory cytokines in the pig amnion.

Inflammatory mediators that are induced by gram-negative bacteria in the course of intrauterine infections threaten successful pregnancy. To compare the effect of two different routes of cytokine induction, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was administered in vivo either into the cord vein or into the amniotic cavity of pig fetuses in the second half of gestation for 20 h and cytokines were detected in the amnion.Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were induced in the amniotic epithelium after intra-amniotic but not after intra-venous administration of LPS. The presence of IL-8 was confirmed by RT-PCR. In contrast, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) was expressed constitutively and was found in all samples of the amniotic epithelium. Amniotic fluid contained only minute levels of TNF-alpha. IL-8 levels in amniotic fluid increased after the treatment with LPS and the highest IL-8 levels were found in dead LPS-treated fetuses.

Amnion↗
PubMed1997

Measurement of blood flow by the 133Xe clearance technique to grafts of amnion used in vestibuloplasty.

The purpose of this study was to determine the blood supply to lyophilized amniotic membranes when used as graft material in vestibuloplasties. 133Xe clearance technique was used to measure the blood flow to the grafts. A total of 20 patients had either Clark (10) or Kazanjian (10) vestibuloplasties. The blood flow was determined at 2-3 days preoperatively and at 10 and 30 days postoperatively. The preoperative mandibular anterior alveolar mucosal blood flow was 34.4 +/- 10.7 and 23.1 +/- 13.1 ml/100 g/min for the Clark and Kazanjian groups, respectively. Ten days after vestibuloplasty operation with lyophilized amniotic membrane graft application the blood flow to the graft increased to 56.8 +/- 45.4 and 62.6 +/- 30.4 ml/100 g/min for the Clark and Kazanjian groups, respectively. The corresponding values at 30 days postoperatively were 24.6 +/- 10.2 and 22.2 +/- 9.2 ml/100 g/min, indicating the return to normal levels. The changes in blood flow as a function of time were statistically significant in each group (P<0.05). Our results demonstrated the angiogenic effect of lyophilized amniotic membranes until mucoid degeneration after 10-15 days.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Micronucleus formation in human amnion cells after exposure to 50 Hz MF applied horizontally and vertically.

Micronucleus (MN) induction as a genotoxic effect of extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF, 50 Hz, 1 mT) was studied in human amniotic fluid cells (AFC) after continuous exposure to magnetic fields (MF), oriented horizontally and vertically with respect to the surface of the culture medium, at different time points. To compare the effectiveness of different exposure systems, a Helmholtz-coil system and a so-called Merritt-coil system was used. A statistically significant increase in MN frequency could be detected in exposed cells compared to controls after 72 h continuous exposure to MF applied vertically in the Merritt-coil system, while no effect was found after exposure in the Helmholtz-coil system. Furthermore, a significant increase in MN induction occurred after 24, 48 and 72 h exposure to MF applied horizontally in the Helmholtz-coil system in comparison to controls, whereas horizontally MF generated in the Merritt-coil system induced no genotoxic effects. To exclude suppression of indirect EMF-induced DNA-lesions, we studied MN formation in the presence of N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP, Paracetamol(R)), which is an inhibitor of DNA-repair mechanisms. We found a dose-dependent increase of MN formation in APAP-treated AFC cells, but no significant further increase in MN frequency after additional MF exposure. Therefore we conclude, that EMF-induced MN formation is not caused by directly or indirectly induced clastogenic mechanisms. The obtained results show that the orientation of MF with respect to the cell culture dish and the physical condition of the exposure system is of major importance for the induction of micronuclei in certain cell types. Therefore, the reason for inconsistent results published in the literature may be caused by the variability of exposure systems, the exposure conditions and the cell types used.

Acetaminophen↗