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PubMed2002

[Thyroid peroxidase antibodies and thyroid diseases in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type I diabetes].

The objective of the authors was to evaluate the prevalence of TPO Ab and thyroid diseases in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. The examination included 153 patients (85/55.6% girls) from southeast Poland aged 11 months to do 17.4 years (mean age 9.5 +/- 3.9 years). Apart from clinical assessment, all children had determinations made of serum TPO Ab, FT4 and TSH, while thyroid ultra sound was performed in each patients with abnormal thyroid morphology and/or positive TPO Ab titter. Positive TPO Ab was detected in 45 patients (29.4%). In this group 26 had isolated serum TPO Ab elevation, 18 had Hashimoto's disease, 1 Graves's disease. Another 12 children (7.8%) were demonstrated to have euthyroid goiter. Thyroid abnormalities were thus seen in 37.2% children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. No association was demonstrated between the prevalence of thyroid abnormalities and sex. Children with subclinical stage of autoimmune thyreoiditis were significantly younger in comparison to patients with Hashimoto's disease (8.9 +/- 4.2 vs. 12.0 +/- 3.1 years) and had significantly lower serum TPO Ab and TSH levels (314.2 +/- 232.4 vs. 2076.8 +/- 1300.8 U/ml, 1.7 +/- 0.82 vs. 4.1 +/- 2.9 ulU/ml, respectively). Thyroid dysfunction was detected in 7 (4.6%) children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. In comparison to the entire group with positive serum TPO Ab titer in these 7 children the percentage of patients with thyroid dysfunction was significantly higher (15.5%). Six patients were hypothyroid and 1 had hyperthyreosis. The present results justify the need for comprehensive screening for thyroid disorders in all children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Relationship of clinical features and laboratory parameters to thyroid echogenicity measured by standardized grey scale ultrasonography in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

BACKGROUND: Hashimoto's thyroiditis is associated with a diffuse reduction in thyroid echo levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of hypoechogenicity in correlation to clinical features and laboratory parameters. MATERIAL/METHODS: 52 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis under substitutive therapy with levothyroxine (50-200 g daily) and 100 normal euthyroid volunteers (with no features of autoimmune disease who were not taking any thyroid medication) as controls were investigated. Determination of plasma free thyroxine (FT4) and TSH as well as peroxidase- (TPO), thyroglobulin- and TSH receptor (TSH-R) antibodies were performed. Thyroid volume was measured by conventional ultrasonography. Tissue echogenicity was characterized by standardized grey scale ultrasonography under defined operating conditions. Mean densities were given in a histogram range of grey scales between 0-63 GWE (= Grauwerteinheiten). RESULTS: Patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis revealed significantly lower echo levels (19.6+/-2.6 GWE) than controls (25.6+/-2.0 GWE, p<0.001). High graded hypoechogenicity was associated with large goiters, persistently increased TSH levels (subclinical hypothyroidism) and highly elevated TPO-antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: Standardized grey scale ultrasonography allows for reproducable correlations between functional status and morphological characteristics of the thyroid gland in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The results hint at a stronger inflammatory process in higher grades of hypoechogenicity.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

The incidence of primary thyroid lymphoma in thyroid malignancies.

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the incidence of primary thyroid lymphoma in thyroid malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 304 patients whose diagnoses were made as thyroid malignancies between January 1990 and December 2000 were retrospectively evaluated. Of these, primary thyroid lymphoma was documented in four female patients (1.3%; mean age 56.2 years; range 40 to 65 years). Findings from history, physical examination, blood biochemistry, thyroid hormone levels (T3, T4, TSH, thyroglobulin), thyroid scintigraphy, fine-needle aspiration biopsy, and cervical computed tomography (CT) were evaluated. Histopathologic results were evaluated according to the Revised European-American Lymphoma (REAL) classification. RESULTS: The most common complaints on admission were a rapidly growing cervical mass, hoarseness, and dyspnea. In all the cases, thyroid hormone levels were normal, but thyroglobulin levels were 5 to 10 times as high as normal. Preoperative fine-needle aspiration was not helpful in two cases, whereas cervical CT was diagnostic. Pathologic diagnosis was diffuse large B cell lymphoma in all the cases. Postoperatively, three cases underwent chemotherapy and one case chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy. All the patients were operated on before 1997; one patient died, the remaining three patients have been under follow-up with no recurrences. CONCLUSION: In our cases, treatment of localized thyroid lymphoma by surgery combined with chemotherapy or/and radiotherapy was effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Normal thyroid size versus goiter--postmortem thyroid weight and ultrasonographic volumetry versus physical examination.

The data on postmortem thyroid weight and on thyroid volume estimation with the aid of ultrasound are briefly reviewed and correlated with indicated or presumed intake of iodine in the appropriate area. The well known negative correlation between iodine intake and thyroid size may be supported even by this approach which shows that as a normal thyroid volume may be taken that obtained in areas with sufficient iodine intake such as Iceland, Sweden, Netherlands and USA. In these countries the average thyroid volume was found by various authors to be in a range of about 8 to 12 ml (or g) for females and about 11 to 15 ml (or g) in males which is approximately 10 ml (or g) less than the values considered as normal until recently. The comparisons of the data on postmortem weight or sonographically determined volume of the thyroid with palpatory findings showed that the same stage of thyroid size according to various recommended scales as found by palpation or inspection may correspond to a great variety of actual volumes and thus that the palpation may be considered as highly inaccurate method for precise estimation of thyroid size. From this view it may be recommended predominantly for large scale and low cost field epidemiological studies, while a most favourable ultrasonographic volumetry should be used for a majority of basal clinical studies and field surveys.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Blood and thyroid-infiltrating lymphocyte subclasses in juvenile autoimmune thyroiditis.

We have studied the distribution of T and B lymphocytes in the blood and in the thyroid lymphocytic infiltrates (obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsy) in sixteen patients with juvenile autoimmune thyroiditis (JAIT). The same cell populations were also tested for cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to thyroid antigen in the leucocyte migration test (LMT). The relative and absolute numbers of blood T lymphocytes were normal (71-76%), as were the numbers of blood B lymphocytes (19%). The thyroid infiltrate contained 48% B lymphocytes, whereas only 40-44% of the infiltrating lymphocytes were T cells. Half of the JAIT patients showed a positive CMI to thyroid antigen with blood leucocytes, but when thyroid-infiltrating lymphocytes of these patients were tested in the LMT, they were negative. Thus, in contrast to what is generally assumed, we were unable to demonstrate T cell-dominated lymphocytic infiltrates or the accumulation of specifically sensitized T lymphocytes within the thyroid gland in autoimmune thyroiditis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Iodinated proteins in normal human thyroid gland. Thyroid albumin.

Iodinated proteins in normal thyroid tissue extracts were analyzed immunochemically, immunohistochemically and physicochemically after isoelectric focusing. An albumin-like protein ranging from pI 4.80 to 5.21 was found in normal human thyroid tissue extracts, and its pI range was not compatible with that of serum albumin ranging from pI 4.85 to 6.16. An immunodiffusion study suggests that T3 loosely combines with the albumin-like protein, and that this compound is so-called thyroid albumin. Amino acid analysis revealed a difference in the basic amino acid composition of thyroid albumin and serum albumin, and our immunohistochemical study showed that thyroid albumin and T3 were localized in follicular epithelial cells, but not in the colloid. Based on these results, thyroid albumin may be described as consisting of T3 and an albumin-like protein which is distinguishable from serum albumin and distinct from thyroglobulin immunochemically. It appears that a low molecular weight hormone like T3 can be detected when it combines with a protein molecule. Recently, DeGroot et al. (1975) suggested a collateral pathway of hormone metabolism through the thyroid albumin in thyroid follicular cells. Our results seem to support the existence of this pathway.

Albumins↗
PubMed1987

Correlation of thyroid hormone dose-dependent regulation of K-ras protooncogene expression with oncogene activation by 3-methylcholanthrene: loss of thyroidal regulation in the transformed mouse cell.

Previously, it has been demonstrated that thyroid hormone is an important cofactor of the initiation of oncogenesis in vivo and in vitro. In order to determine the mechanism of thyroid hormone modulation of the initiation of carcinogenesis we have addressed the hypothesis that thyroid hormone regulates the expression of the critical protooncogene at the time of exposure to the carcinogen, and that the transcriptional activity of the protooncogene correlates with the ability of a carcinogen to "activate" the oncogene and thus modulate the subsequent transformation event. It has previously been shown that 3-methylcholanthrene transformation of C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cells in culture is the result of activation of the k-ras oncogene. We report here that thyroid hormone modulates 3-methylcholanthrene transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells in a dose-dependent manner that is similar to a thyroid hormone dose-dependent modulation of k-ras-specific RNA levels in these cells. Further, nuclear transcriptional run-on experiments suggest that the thyroidal-induced changes in K-ras RNA levels are a result of a regulation of K-ras transcription. These data support the hypothesis that thyroid hormone modulation of transformation is through regulation of protooncogene expression. It was of further interest to find that 3-methylcholanthrene-transformed C3H/10T1/2 cells have lost the sensitivity to thyroid hormone regulation of "activated" K-ras oncogene transcription and subsequent K-ras-specific RNA levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Total or near total thyroidectomy versus limited resection for radiation-associated thyroid nodules: a twelve-year follow-up of patients in a thyroid screening program.

Controversy continues regarding the extent of thyroidectomy appropriate for patients with radiation-associated thyroid nodules. The incidence of cancer in this group of patients is more than 50% when near total or total thyroidectomy is done and all thyroid tissue is serially sectioned and examined. Tumor multicentricity is common. Is total or near total thyroidectomy warranted in all of these patients? A prospective study and follow-up program of 2118 patients with prior low-dose head and neck irradiation who entered into a thyroid screening program allowed us to examine how the extent of thyroidectomy influenced the clinical course of these patients. Near total or total thyroidectomy was performed in 59 patients (36 had cancer), and limited thyroid resection, that is, lobectomy or less, was done in 78 patients (four of whom had cancer). During follow-up, only three patients have developed recurrent cancer; two had near total thyroidectomy and one had total thyroidectomy at first operation. Two patients with limited thyroid resection have had reoperation for new thyroid nodules, both of whom had benign nodules. We conclude that although limited thyroid resection may leave occult malignancies in unresected thyroid tissue, there is no significant difference in outcome between patients with limited resection and those with near total or total thyroidectomy after a 12-year follow-up of the program. Significant differences in cancer recurrence rats may occur with longer follow-up.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1984

Serum thyroglobulin, a monitor of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in patients receiving thyroid hormone suppression therapy: concise communication.

Serum thyroglobulin levels were obtained in 86 patients who had undergone thyroidectomy and I-131 ablation for differentiated thyroid cancer, and who were receiving or had recently discontinued thyroid hormone suppression therapy. Excellent correlation was observed between serum thyroglobulin levels in patients receiving thyroid hormone suppression therapy and I-131 imaging studies. Serum thyroglobulin levels equal to or below 20 ng/ml indicate the absence of thyroid carcinoma, and values exceeding 60 ng/ml were indicative of active thyroid cancer but may include some patients without clinical evidence of disease. Intermediate serum thyroglobulin levels were observed in a small number of patients with postsurgical thyroid remnants or active disease. Serum thyroglobulin levels are of considerable value in monitoring the activity of thyroid cancer in patients who are receiving thyroid hormone suppression therapy.

Antithyroid Agents↗
PubMed1996

Thyroid hormone deiodinases--a selenoenzyme family acting as gate keepers to thyroid hormone action.

Development and tissue-specific deiodination of thyroid hormone leads to both activation of the prohormone thyroxine to the thyromimetically active T3 as well as to inactivation of T3 and its conjugates or inactivation of T4 to yield potential regulatory active rT3. At least three deiodinase isoenzymes have so far been characterized and cloned, and the deiodinase isozymes represent a new family of eukaryotic selenoproteins for which an enzyme function could be assigned. Selenium status apparently regulates the expression of these deiodinase isozymes to different extent indicating that a hierarchy of selenium incorporation exists for those enzymes. Currently, it appears that selenium deficiency does not affect expression of type II 5'-deiodinase or 5-deiodinase to a marked extent in vivo whereas type I 5'-deiodinase at least in liver and kidney is reduced in severe selenium deficiency. However, daily selenium intake in normal mideuropeans already saturates the requirement for the expression of the deiodinase isoenzymes. So far, only reduced expression of 5'-D I and decreased T 3 production has been observed in specific diets such as for PKU or in cystic fibrosis, where transport of ions (iodide, selenite?) might be affected. Further alterations of T3 production by 5'-D I activity are observed under the conditions of the low T3 syndrome, which comprise a broad spectrum of clinical disorders from carbohydrate withdrawal to intensive care patients. It is not yet clear if selenium supplementation or T3 treatment is beneficial to these patients. The marked tissue-specificity of expression of the deiodinases requires more detailed examinations on the relation between these enzymes and the expression of thyroid hormone action, which is mediated by the nuclear T3 receptor family or receptors and signal transduction molecules in the mitochondria, plasma membrane, or cytoskeleton. The location of the deiodinase enzymes either at the inner side of the plasma membrane or the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum positions these enzymes to a strategically important location enabling them to act as gate-keepers to the nuclear receptors. Similar to other enzymes involved in the activation or inactivation of compounds with hormone or signalling function, the deiodinases are key elements in the intracrine regulation of hormone activation in target tissues or inactivation in non-target tissues. Therefore, a detailed molecular, cell biological and physiological analysis of the function, regulation and gene structure of these enzymes is required before a development of tissue- or enzyme-specific pharmacological intervention is possible. Nevertheless, first data indicate that reduced 5'-deiodinase type I expression in tumor tissues can be re-induced by treatment with retinoids at least in follicular thyroid carcinoma. Further studies are needed to prove that retinoids might be a useful therapeutic tool for re-differentiation therapy of thyroid carcinoma which are inaccessible to surgical intervention or lack radio-iodide uptake and storage. The important function and regio- and cell-specific expression of deiodinase isozymes in the central nervous system is far from being understood. Current first evidence suggests a close interaction between thyroid hormone deiodination, thyroid hormone concentration, and expression of thyroid hormone responsive genes in the adult brain as well as tight regulation and interaction between thyroid hormone metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis release and action.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Mixed medullary-follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland: a clinicopathologic variant of medullary thyroid carcinoma.

A rare case of mixed medullary-follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland, which occurred in a 44-year-old man, is reported. The thyroid tumor was composed of solid nests of polygonal cells, with an admixture of many evenly distributed thyroid follicles that contained colloid. The lymph node metastases were the same composition as the primary, with follicle formations that contained colloid. Immunohistochemically, in both the primary and metastatic lesions, calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen were present in the predominant solid areas of medullary carcinoma, whereas thyroglobulin was demonstrated in the follicular structures. At the ultrastructural level, most of the tumor cells contained numerous neurosecretory granules, but some showed follicular cell differentiation. These findings fulfilled the criteria of mixed medullary-follicular carcinoma of the thyroid according to the World Health Organization classification and also suggested dual neuroendocrine and follicular differentiation of this type of thyroid carcinoma. We reviewed the literature on mixed medullary-follicular carcinoma of the thyroid and concluded that it might constitute another clinicopathologic entity different from conventional medullary thyroid carcinoma; it occurs predominantly in younger males and is associated with a more favorable clinical course than the usual medullary thyroid carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ectopic thyroid and late-onset functional deficit of the thyroid gland].

PURPOSE: To evaluate retrospectively the incidence of ectopic thyroid gland causing hypothyroidism in patients referred to "Di Venere" Hospital, Bari. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Over a period of 14 years, ectopic thyroid gland has been detected by thyroid scan in 56 out of 122 patients with hypothyroidism due to congenital thyroid abnormalities. Of these 56 patients, 48 were < 1 year old, 2 were < 2 years old, while 8 with late onset of the disease were 7 to 35 years old. RESULTS: Among the eight patients with late onset hypothyroidism, 3 had normal serum levels of thyroid hormones at birth. Overall, an ectopic thyroid gland was observed in 6 out of 32 (18.7%) patients with hypothyroidism beginning between 2.5 and 14 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: Thyroid scan is a safe and effective procedure in the diagnosis of ectopic thyroid gland in neonatal patients. It should be recommended as neonatal screening in order to prevent irreversible damage to central nervous system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Thyroid metastasis from rectal carcinoma coexisting with Hashimoto's thyroiditis: gray-scale and power Doppler sonographic findings.

We present the gray-scale and power Doppler sonographic findings in a case of rectal carcinoma metastasis to the thyroid that mimicked a primary thyroid neoplasm and coexisted with Hashimoto's thyroiditis in a 67-year-old man. Gray-scale sonography revealed a hypoechoic mass with ill-defined borders in the left lobe of the thyroid; the mass extended through the isthmus to the right lobe. Sonography also showed multiple enlarged cervical lymph nodes. Power Doppler sonography showed increased flow in the nontumorous thyroid gland and decreased flow in the tumor. This contributed to the differentiation between the tumor and the remainder of the thyroid, which was involved with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Spinal bone mass after long-term treatment with L-thyroxine in postmenopausal women with thyroid cancer and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.

This study investigated the effect of long-term treatment upon bone density with L-Thyroxine in postmenopausal women compared with untreated postmenopausal women with climacteric symptoms. We measured spinal bone density in three groups (n = 84) of postmenopausal women: (A) those treated with TSH-suppressive doses of L-Thyroxine for a medium of 5 years after removal of thyroid cancer; (B) those on L-Thyroxine treatment for a median of 9 years after being diagnosed with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT); and (C) those with no thyroid disease or other known pathology and without any treatment. There were no differences in dietary calcium intake and daily activity between untreated and L-Thyroxine-treated women. Measurements of bone mineral density were performed at spine level L1-L4 using a dual X-ray densitometer and serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid hormones, and bone markers (serum osteocalcin, procollagen I, urinary calcium), and PTH levels were assayed and found to be within normal ranges. Women receiving L-Thyroxine after thyroid cancer had slightly higher FT4 levels compared with women who had CLT and lower TSH levels, with serum T4 and T3 levels normal and similar in both groups. No significant differences were found in spinal bone density after L-Thyroxine treatment between Groups A and B and compared with Group C. Bone loss according to 2 SD below reference standards (age and sex matched) was found in the 12.9% of L-Thyroxine-treated patients versus 22.6% of untreated women. No correlation was found between bone loss and thyroid hormone levels and duration of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2006

Long-term outcome of thyroid function after amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis, as compared to subacute thyroiditis.

BACKGROUND: Two main forms of amiodarone- induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) exist: type 1 AIT is a condition of true hyperthyroidism developing in patients with pre-existing thyroid disorders, and usually requires thyroid ablative treatment. On the other hand, type 2 AIT is a form of destructive thyroiditis occurring in normal thyroids, the management of which usually consists in glucocorticoid treatment. AIM: To assess the long-term outcome of thyroid function in a prospective study of type 2 AIT patients, as compared to patients with De Quervain's subacute thyroiditis (SAT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty consecutive patients with type 2 AIT were evaluated during oral glucocorticoid treatment (oral prednisone 30 mg/day, gradually tapered and withdrawn over a 3-month period) and followed for 38+/-4 months (range 6-72) thereafter. Sixty consecutive patients with SAT, referred to our Institutes during the same period and treated with the same therapeutic schedule, served as controls. RESULTS: Type 2 AIT patients were older (p<0.0001) and showed a larger male preponderance (M:F 3.6:1 vs 0.5:1, p<0.0001) than SAT patients. Mean serum free T4 (FT4) and free T3 (FT3) concentrations at diagnosis were increased in both conditions, but higher in type 2 AIT than in SAT (FT4 47.6+/-18.8 and 29.6+/-8.3 pmol/l, respectively, p<0.0001; FT3 15.4+/-7.0 and 11.2+/-3.0 pmol/l, respectively, p<0.001). Correction of thyrotoxicosis was obtained in all patients in both groups, but restoration of euthyroidism occurred earlier in SAT than in type 2 AIT (p=0.006). Ten type 2 AIT patients (17%) and 3 SAT patients (5%, p<0.03) became permanently hypothyroid after glucocorticoid withdrawal and required levothyroxine replacement. CONCLUSIONS: A relevant proportion of type 2 AIT patients develop permanent hypothyroidism after correction of thyrotoxicosis. Thus, periodic surveillance of thyroid status is required after type 2 AIT.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Leukocyte migration test (LMT) in patients with thyroid disease: the response to human thyroid subcellular fractions.

The response of circulating leukocytes to thyroid subcellular fractions was investigated in 19 patients with Graves' disease, 15 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, 7 patients with toxic adenoma, 19 patients with nontoxic goiter and in 10 healthy students as control subjects. For this purpose, the leukocyte migration test of Soborg and Bendixen was performed against human crude thyroid extract (CTE), cell plasma membranes, nuclei, ribosomes, mitochondria and microsomes. Our results show positive LMT against: 1) CTE in patients with Graves' disease (61 +/- 13, p less than 0.001) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (65 +/- 11, p less than 0.001) compared to controls (90 +/- 11); 2) cell plasma membranes in patients with Graves' disease (41 +/- 14, p less than 0.001) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (64 +/- 21, p less than 0.05) compared to controls (88 +/- 19); 3) nuclei in patients with Graves' disease (53 +/- 25, p less than 0.001) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (53 +/- 23, p less than 0.001) compared to controls (83 +/- 11). Our findings of circulating leukocytes sensitized to cell plasma membranes and nuclear fraction in patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis provide the additional information that these patients have a specific defect in immune-surveillance.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1996

[Autonomy and malignancy of thyroid glad tumors. A critical analysis of the literature on the existence of hyperfunctioning follicular and papillary thyroid gland carcinomas].

Data in the literature communicated in 63 publications were evaluated in which scintigraphically warm or hot nodules were described as identical to a follicular or papillary carcinoma diagnosed based on histology of the resection specimen, thus suggesting autonomous hyperfunction of a malignant thyroid neoplasia. In the majority of cases, this assumption could not be accepted, or only within strict limits. In these patients, it appeared more likely that the carcinoma was located adjacent to or within a benign hyperfunctioning thyroid area or that large masses of a thyroid carcinoma had only simulated the picture of a hyperfunctioning nodule by suppression of endogenous TSH and thus of the residual parenchyma's function. In other cases, the diagnosis of a hyperfunctioning thyroid carcinoma had to be doubted or rejected owing to the lack of plausibility of the documented morphological findings. At the end of the literature survey, only 10 case descriptions unequivocally verified that, though very rarely, a papillary or follicular thyroid carcinoma may manifest itself as a solitary warm or hot thyroid nodule. Such a scintigraphical finding thus cannot be regarded as proof of benignancy of a given thyroid tumour.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1983

The decreased growth rate of obese strain chicken thyroid cells provides in vitro evidence for a primary target organ abnormality in chickens susceptible to autoimmune thyroiditis.

The obese (OS) strain of chickens develops severe autoimmune thyroiditis, whereas its progenitor, the Cornell (CS) strain, rarely does. To detect possible developmental abnormalities in the OS thyroid, CS and OS embryonic thyroid epithelia were cultured in vitro and compared in several assays for growth and DNA metabolism. It was found that OS thyroid cells incorporated less tritiated thymidine, reached lower saturation densities, and possessed a significantly longer doubling time (26.1 hr) than CS cells (17.6 hr). The decreased growth rate of OS thyroid cells correlated with their inability to condition their own media. These abnormalities in the embryonic development of OS thyroid cells were discussed in the context of factors predisposing to autoimmune thyroiditis.

Animals↗