Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “retinal development”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 865 records · Page 48Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Development of dopaminergic neurons is insensitive to optic nerve section in the neonatal rat retina.

The development of tyrosine-hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR) cells was studied in pre- and postnatal rat retinas. Using a modified staining method, TH-IR cells were first detectable in retinal wholemounts at embryonic day 19 (E19), much earlier than previously reported. By E20, TH-IR cells were present in every retina examined. These 'early' TH-IR cells were always concentrated at the peripheral dorsal part of the retina, in contrast to the expected distribution predicted by the center to peripheral gradient of retinal development. The development of TH-IR cells and their pattern of distribution were insensitive to optic nerve section, indicating that the postnatal development of dopaminergic neurons is independent of the presence of ganglion cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The acute retinal necrosis syndrome. Part 1: Clinical manifestations.

The acute retinal necrosis syndrome is characterized by necrotizing retinitis, vitritis, and retinal vasculitis occurring in otherwise healthy patients. Experience with 11 cases and the review of 30 additional cases in the literature are presented. In this series, 50% of the affected eyes developed retinal detachments, and 64% had a final visual acuity of less than 20/200. The natural history, diagnosis, postulated etiology, and suggestions for management will be discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

Target-controlled differentiation of axon terminals and synaptic organization.

These experiments investigate the processes regulating the morphological differentiation of synaptic connections. Electron microscopy showed that the terminal boutons and synaptic complexes of retinal afferent axons in the main thalamic visual nucleus, the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus, differ in their morphology from those of ascending afferent axons in the main thalamic somatosensory (ventrobasal) nucleus. Developing retinal ganglion cell axons in hamsters were made to project permanently to the ventrobasal nucleus, rather than to the lateral geniculate nucleus. With respect to most of the ultrastructural features examined, the terminals and synaptic complexes of mature, anterogradely labeled retino-ventrobasal axons more closely resembled those of normal somatosensory afferents to the ventrobasal nucleus than they did those of normal retinofugal axons within the lateral geniculate nucleus. These results suggest that the ultrastructural differentiation of axon terminals and synaptic complexes is regulated largely by the target environment, although some features appear to be intrinsic to the afferent axons themselves.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Deficiency of SHP-1 protein-tyrosine phosphatase in "viable motheaten" mice results in retinal degeneration.

PURPOSE: Viable motheaten mutant mice (abbreviated allele symbol me(v)) are deficient in Src-homology 2-domain phosphatase (SHP)-1, a critical negative regulator of signal transduction in hematopoietic cells. These mice exhibit immune dysfunction, hyperproliferation of myeloid cells, and regenerative anemia. This study focused on the role of SHP-1 in retinal homeostasis. METHODS: Ophthalmoscopy, histology, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electroretinography (ERG), immunohistochemistry, Western blot, bone marrow transplantation, and genetic crosses were performed for phenotypic characterization and functional studies of retinal degeneration (RD) in me(v)/me(v) mice. RESULTS: Fundus examinations of me(v)/me(v) mice revealed numerous, small white spots. Histologic examination demonstrated photoreceptor loss beginning at 3 weeks of age, and TEM revealed disorganization and reduction in the number of outer segments, as well as the presence of phagocytic cells in the subretinal space. Rod- and cone-mediated ERGs were abnormal. SHP-1 protein was expressed in mouse and human retinal lysates and was localized to the outer nuclear layer of the retina in me(v)/me(v) and control mice. Autoantibodies are not necessary for RD, as B-cell-deficient me(v)/me(v) Igh-6(tm1Cgn) mice had no attenuation of photoreceptor cell loss compared with age-matched me(v)/me(v) mice. Histologic examination of lungs and retinas from normal recipients of me(v)/me(v) marrow revealed the classic acidophilic macrophage pneumonia of me(v)/me(v) mice, but no retinal degeneration. CONCLUSIONS: me(v)/me(v) mice exhibit normal retinal development with the onset of RD at 3 weeks of age and a rapidly progressive loss of photoreceptors. These findings support the hypothesis that SHP-1 plays a critical role in retinal homeostasis.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Effect of bicarbonate on retinal vasculature and acidosis-induced retinopathy in the neonatal rat.

BACKGROUND: Systemic acidosis induces preretinal neovascularization (NV) analogous to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in the neonatal rat. Sodium bicarbonate is used in human neonates to treat acidosis. The effects of alkali administration on the developing retinal vasculature and on acidosis-induced retinopathy (AIR) are unknown. We investigated the effect of sodium bicarbonate gavage on the retinal vasculature of normal and acidotic neonatal rats to determine (1) whether bicarbonate treatment is associated with preretinal NV and (2) whether AIR can be prevented with systemic bicarbonate treatment. METHODS: The extent of acidosis and alkalosis were initially determined from carotid arterial blood samples. In the bicarbonate-alone study, newborn rats were randomized into litters of 25 and received bicarbonate doses of 15 mmol/kg twice daily and 20 mmol/kg once daily from days 2 to 7. Control animals received saline gavage. In the AIR treatment study, acidosis was induced in neonatal rats by intraperitoneal injection of acetazolamide 200 mg/kg from days 2 to 7. Acetazolamide-treated rats received either additional bicarbonate gavage or no additional treatment. Eyes were enucleated on day 13, and the retinal vasculature was assessed for NV using ADPase staining techniques and light microscopy. RESULTS: Systemic alkalosis (peak pH 7.55+/-0.02; mean +/- SD) was confirmed with bicarbonate gavage, and partial reversal of acidosis was confirmed when acetazolamide-treated rats received bicarbonate. Surviving rats receiving bicarbonate 15 mmol/kg twice daily (28% survival) and 20 mmol/kg bicarbonate once daily (45% survival) had an incidence of preretinal NV of 9% and 8%, respectively. No NV was seen in saline-control rats. In the acetazolamide-treated rats, the incidence of preretinal NV in surviving rats was numerically lower in bicarbonate-treated rats than acetazolamide-only controls (8% versus 24%, p=0.065) but with only 19% survival in the bicarbonate-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS: In the neonatal rat, alkalosis induced by bicarbonate gavage is associated with a low incidence of mild, preretinal NV similar to ROP. Although treating acidotic rats with bicarbonate may reduce the incidence of preretinal NV, treatment was associated with an unacceptable mortality rate.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed2002

Molecular diversity of the dystrophin-like protein complex in the developing and adult avian retina.

Mutations in dystrophin cause muscular dystrophy but also affect the CNS, including information processing in the retina. To better understand the molecular basis of these CNS deficits, we analyzed the molecular composition and developmental appearance of dystrophin and of the dystrophin-associated protein complex (DPC) in the embryonic and adult avian retina. We detected a concentration of the DPC at the vitreal border and in the outer plexiform layer of the adult retina. At both locations the complex had a different molecular composition and different developmental expression pattern. At the vitreal border, the complex was composed of utrophin, alpha-dystrobrevin-1, and dystroglycan, and was present at all stages of retinal development even before neurogenesis and gliogenesis. On the other hand, the complex in the outer plexiform layer consisted of dystrophin, beta-dystrobrevin and dystroglycan. The distribution of this complex changed from a diffusely distributed to an aggregated form during development concomitant with synapse formation in the outer plexiform layer. Solubilization of the retinal extracellular matrix by intravitreal injection of collagenase resulted in a redistribution of the complex at the retinal vitreal border but had no influence on the distribution of the dystrophin-associated proteins in the outer plexiform layer. These results demonstrate two types of dystrophin-like complexes in the chick retina with differential molecular compositions, different anchorage to the extracellular matrix, and different developmental expression patterns, suggesting distinct functions for the DPC at both locations.

Aging↗
PubMed2003

The signals that drive kidney development: a view from the fly eye.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Development of the mammalian kidney is a complex process involving numerous signals and signaling pathways. Other complex tissues have benefited enormously from studies in lower, simpler organisms. The present review provides an update on what we have learned from the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, and argues that Drosophila is an important but under-utilized organism for study of renal development. RECENT FINDINGS: The Malpighian tubules provide renal function to the fly. These require a number of signaling pathways for their development that are also seen in vertebrate kidney development, including the Notch, Ras, and Wnt signaling pathways, as well as nuclear factors such as Krüppel and Cut/Cux-1. Many of these factors are shared between early Malpighian tubule development and ureteric bud formation. The Ret signaling receptor, which is central to mammalian renal development, is poorly understood in flies, although its expression pattern is intriguing. Surprisingly, other signaling factors such as Neph-1, Pax2, and Wilms' tumor suppressor-1 appear to work within later fly retinal development, providing a surprising link between these two disparate tissues. SUMMARY: Drosophila offers a powerful palate of tools for dissecting developmental processes. Importantly, these tools can often be examined at the level of single cells, permitting us to address issues of differentiation with high resolution. If we are to take full advantage of Drosophila, however, then we must target specific issues and gain a better understanding of the details of Malpighian tubule development.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Histone deacetylase activity regulates apaf-1 and caspase 3 expression in the developing mouse retina.

PURPOSE: Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death essential for both tissue development and maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Apoptosis protease activating factor (Apaf)-1 and caspase 3 are downregulated in the retina during postnatal development. The decreased expression of these genes is potentially a critical survival strategy adopted to protect against accidental cell death. The purpose of this study was to investigate the transcriptional mechanism involved in the downregulation of Apaf-1 and caspase 3. METHODS: SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and semiquantitative PCR were used to examine Apaf-1 and caspase 3 expression levels during development. TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and DNA laddering were used to identify cells undergoing apoptosis. RESULTS: A decrease in expression of Apaf-1 and caspase 3 during retinal development correlated with a decreased susceptibility to an apoptotic stimulus. Furthermore, treatment with a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), resulted in widespread hyperacetylation in the retina, coinciding with transcriptional activation of Apaf-1 and caspase 3 and subsequent induction of apoptosis in postnatal day (P)5 and P15 retinas. However, inhibition of HDAC activity is not sufficient to induce apoptosis in the mature retina (P60). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these results elicit the conclusion that downregulation of Apaf-1 and caspase 3 in the developing retina correlates with a decreased susceptibility to apoptotic stimuli and ensures the survival of the retina. Furthermore, the authors propose that, in the early postnatal retina, HDAC activity governs the transcriptional regulation of these genes. Upregulation of Apaf-1 and caspase 3 coincides with an induction of apoptosis. In the mature retina transcriptional activation of these genes or induction of apoptosis was not observed.

Acetylation↗
PubMed2003

Retinectomy for treatment of intractable glaucoma: long term results.

AIM: To report long term efficacy and complications of retinectomy as an intraocular pressure lowering procedure for intractable glaucoma. METHODS: This was a consecutive interventional case series. In 44 consecutive eyes (39 patients, 22 men and 17 women) retinectomy was performed to lower the intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with uncontrolled IOP (>35 mm Hg for more than 4 months) despite conventional filtering surgery and drug treatment. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed and the peripheral retina was surgically excised to various degrees. The procedure was concluded by an intraocular gas tamponade of 20% C(3)F(8). Included were patients with neovascular glaucoma (12 eyes), infantile and juvenile glaucoma (three eyes), secondary glaucoma due to aphakia (13 eyes), severe ocular trauma (seven eyes), uveitis (seven eyes), and glaucoma in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (two). RESULTS: All patients underwent successful surgical retinectomy. All patients were followed for 5 years. Mean postoperative IOP after 4 years was 15.7 (SD 9.4) mm Hg, representing a decrease of IOP by 61% compared to the preoperative level (41.2 (9.4) mm Hg). In 52.3% of eyes long term regulation of IOP could be achieved without complications. Retinectomy was least effective in neovascular glaucoma because of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). Eyes with glaucoma secondary to uveitis showed a tendency towards low IOP levels with subsequent phthisis bulbi. The initial visual acuity of all patients was lower than 20/50 (mean 1.8 (0.8) logMAR) in the treated eye. Final visual acuity was 2.3 (0.6) logMAR. 21 out of 44 cases developed retinal complications (retinal detachment or proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR)) after surgery, requiring silicone tamponade in 11 eyes (52%) either for persistent low IOP or for PVR. Nine eyes developed phthisis, seven of which were enucleated during the follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Long term results after retinectomy demonstrate its efficacy in otherwise intractable glaucoma. Efficacy and safety of retinectomy are dependent on the underlying disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Development of parvalbumin immunoreactive neurons in normal and intracranially transplanted retinas in the rat.

Retinas from embryonic day 14 Sprague-Dawley rats were transplanted to the midbrain or cerebral cortex of newborn (P0) rats of which the right eye was enucleated at the time of transplantation. Parvalbumin immunoreactive (PV-I) neurons were studied in the developing retinal transplants, and in the remaining retina of the host, as well as in normal retinas. PV-I neurons were identifiable in retinas of normal and host rats from postnatal day 5 (P5) onward, with the PV-I somata primarily in the inner half of the inner nuclear layer and in the ganglion cell layer. An adult-like distribution of PV-I neurons was attained at P35, as judged by cell packing density, intensity of immunostaining, laminar distribution and soma size of subpopulations of PV-I cells. A similar time course of development and distribution of PV-I somata was observed in the retinal transplants, except for some minor differences such as a slight delay in PV-I cells achieving their final distribution. These findings provide evidence that PV-I neurons can survive, differentiate and mature according to predetermined programmes intrinsic to the retinal tissue following transplantation to a new and foreign environment.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Spontaneous Ca2+ transients and their transmission in the developing chick retina.

The development of the central nervous system is dependent on spontaneous action potentials and changes in [Ca2+]i occurring in neurons [1-4]. In the mammalian retina, waves of spontaneous electrical activity spread between retinal neurons, raising [Ca2+]i as they pass [5-7]. In the ferret retina, the first spontaneous Ca2+ waves have been reported at postnatal day 2 and are thought to result from the Ca2+ influx associated with bursts of action potentials seen in ganglion cells at this time [5-7]. These waves depend on depolarisation produced by voltage-gated sodium channels, but their initiation and/or propagation also depends upon nicotinic cholinergic synaptic transmission between amacrine cells and ganglion cells [8]. Here, we report contrasting results for the chick retina where Ca2+ transients are seen at times before retinal synapse formation but when there are extensive networks of gap junctions. These Ca2+ transients do not require nicotinic cholinergic transmission but are modulated by acetylcholine (ACh), dopamine and glycine. Furthermore, they propagate into the depth of the retina, suggesting that they are not restricted to ganglion and amacrine cells. The transients are abolished by the gap-junctional blocker octanol. Thus, the Ca2+ transients seen early in chick retinal development are triggered and propagate in the absence of synapses by a mechanism that involves several neurotransmitters and gap junctions.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1994

The role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of HSV-1 induced chorioretinitis in BALB/c mice.

PURPOSE: To examine the effects of modification of immune effector cells, including macrophages, in the pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus retinitis in BALB/c mice. METHODS: Two intravitreal injections (2 microliters each) of anti-CD11b monoclonal antibody (mAb) [13 micrograms/microliters] were administered to the contralateral eyes of 10 BALB/c mice on days 6 and 8 after HSV inoculation into the right anterior chamber (AC) with HSV-1. A control group consisted of mice injected with anti-HLA-DR mAb in the same fashion. Specific macrophage depletion was performed in an additional group of 12 BALB/c mice by intravenous (i.v.) injection of dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP)-liposomes 7 days before AC HSV-1 inoculation into the eye. Control group consisted of mice receiving i.v. PBS-liposomes. Mice were clinically observed for 14 days postinfection, and the incidence of chorioretinal disease was confirmed by histopathologic studies. RESULTS: Intravitreal injections of anti-CD11b mAb produced a dramatic suppression of the contralateral retinal necrosis (2 of 10 mice) compared to 9 of 10 controls receiving an irrelevant antibody therapy (P < 0.05). Mice treated with i.v. Cl2MDP-liposomes also showed a significant inhibition of the development of contralateral chorioretinitis, with only 3 of 12 mice developing retinal disease compared to 9 of 12 mice from the control group (P < 0.05). FACS analysis performed on peripheral blood and spleen cells showed a significant depletion of Mac-1+ cells of Cl2MDP-liposome-treated but not of PBS-liposome-treated mice (controls). CONCLUSION: Intravitreal anti-CD11b mAb therapy, a broadly directed depletion strategy against many effector cells (macrophages, granulocytes, natural killer cells, and even cytotoxic T-cells) was most efficient in suppressing the HSV-1 induced contralateral disease. A more specific technique (i.v. Cl2MDP-liposome therapy) to deplete macrophages also produced a significant inhibition of HSV-1 induced contralateral chorioretinitis. These findings suggest that macrophages are important participants in the effector phase of the destructive inflammatory immune response induced by HSV-1 in the eye.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Sequential differentiation of retinal cells in the mouse studied by diaphorase staining.

During retinal development in mice the early stages of differentiating of ganglion, amacrine and horizontal cells are characterized by high diaphorase activity in the perikarya. The reaction in the ganglion cells, which start differentiation at day 12 of gestation when the layer of nerve fibres is developing, was first localized near the axonal end, but later, in the period of dendritic growth, it shifted to the scleral side. Amacrine cells were first detected on day 16, and showed a transient activity at the initial stage of their differentiation. A variety of large amacrine cells with long bifurcating processes appeared at day 7 after birth, and showed particularly high TPN diaphorase activity. The horizontal cells could be followed from the 16th day of embryonic life. Their activity increased during the period of formation of the outer plexiform layer. Along the outer limiting membrane diaphorase activity was marked from day 13 of embryonic life, and seemed to concentrate later in the rod inner segments. Activity in the bipolar cells first appeared at day 7 after birth, and increased therafter, coinciding with the period of synaptic development in the outer, plexiform layer. Activity in the Müller cells appeared around 14 days after birth, and was most pronounced in the inner processes and basal end feet. The sequential differentiation of retinal cells and cellular interrelationships during retinal histogenesis are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Fetal ocular movements and retinal cell differentiation: analysis employing DNA microarrays.

As developmental biologists we study the role of fetal movements in providing continuity between prenatal and postnatal life. There are two major categories of fetal motility. The first category consists of movements that have an obvious effect on the survival or development of the fetus (e.g., changes of position, sucking and swallowing). The second category consists of fetal movements that anticipate postnatal functions. For example, fetal ocular movements (FOMs) predict postnatal eye function (e.g., motion vision) of the newborn and therefore represent an important indicator of fetal health. However, while the clinical significance of fetal motility is obvious, its biological significance is elusive. We propose to use retina of genetically modified mouse embryos to study the biological role of FOMs in the genesis of cell diversity and organ functional maturation. Our results have already demonstrated the importance of fetal eye motility in the differentiation of cholinergic amacrine cells (CACs) in the retina (Kablar, 2003). Apparently, these cells are sensitive to motion and also responsible for motion vision. In the current report, we suggest employing the unique opportunity provided by the mouse Myf5-/-:MyoD-/- knock-outs that lack skeletal musculature and FOMs, microarray analysis and the follow-up experiments to identify a group of candidate genes that are essential for the molecular regulation of CAC differentiation and in turn for the functional maturation of the visual system towards its ability to perform motion vision. Finally, the molecules identified via this approach may be important in the mechanochemical signal transduction pathways employed during the process of conversion of a mechanical stimulus into an instruction understandable by the developing retinal neurons and glia cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Retinal detachment as a potential hazard in surgical correction of severe myopia with phakic anterior chamber lenses.

Phakic anterior chamber lenses have been proposed as an effective refractive surgical procedure for the correction of severe myopias. We managed three cases of retinal detachment that complicated this operation. Two patients had retinal detachment in the immediate postoperative period at the fourth and sixth weeks, respectively. Both patients had preoperative equatorial lattice degeneration, which was prophylactically managed with argon laser in one case. The third patient developed retinal detachment at the eighth postoperative month and was associated with a severe fibrinoid uveitis and a combined exudative and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. This third patient did not have any previous retinal degenerative lesion. Scleral buckling was successful in two of the patients, whereas the patient with preoperative inflammation required vitreous surgery because of proliferative vitreoretinopathy. The retinas were reattached in all three patients without explanting the phakic anterior chamber lens, but severe loss of visual acuity occurred in one patient. Retinal detachment should be regarded as a potentially important hazard in this type of refractive surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The relationship between iris color, hair color, and skin sun sensitivity and the 10-year incidence of age-related maculopathy: the Beaver Dam Eye Study.

PURPOSE: To examine the association between iris color, hair color, and skin sun sensitivity and the 10-year incidence of age-related maculopathy (ARM). DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: A population of 4926 adults (range, 43-86 years of age at baseline) living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, was studied at baseline (1988-1990); of these, 3684 and 2764 subjects, respectively, participated in 5-year and 10-year follow-up examinations. METHODS: Data on hair color at age 15 years and skin responsiveness to sun exposure were obtained from a standardized questionnaire administered at the baseline examination. Iris color was determined with penlight illumination during the baseline examination by using photographic standards. Age-related maculopathy status was determined by grading stereoscopic color fundus photos with the Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Incidence and progression of ARM. RESULTS: When controlling for age and gender, people with brown eyes were significantly more likely to develop soft indistinct drusen (risk ratio [RR], 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-1.97; P < 0.01) than were people with blue eyes. However, people with brown eyes were significantly less likely to develop retinal pigment epithelial depigmentation (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.41-0.82; P < 0.01) than were people with blue eyes. When compared with persons with blond hair, persons with brown hair were at decreased risk of developing pigmentary abnormalities (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.53-1.00; P = 0.05). Iris color, hair color, and skin sun sensitivity were not associated with the development of late ARM. CONCLUSION: Iris color and hair color were found to be associated with the 10-year incidence of pigmentary abnormalities. Iris color seems to be inconsistently related to the 10-year incidence of early ARM lesions and the progression of ARM.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Representation of the temporal raphe within the optic tract of the cat.

The retinal topography of the cat's optic tract was determined by means of injections of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the tract. This analysis was accomplished by the subtraction of all HRP injection sites not labeling a defined retinal area from those injection sites which resulted in ganglion cell labeling (Venn diagram analysis). Using this method, the following correspondences were demonstrated for the ipsilateral and contralateral projections: superior retina represented in medial optic tract; inferior retina in lateral tract; and area centralis in a dorsocentral location (which was part of a larger area representing the visual streak). The temporal raphe was represented in the ipsilateral tract as a band curving from the area centralis region toward the dorsomedial border of the tract. Contralateral fibers from a region superior to the optic disc were found to be displaced with respect to the general retinal representation in the optic tract and this appeared to be related to retinal development. The ratio of contralateral to ipsilateral fibers was determined and found to be nonuniform within the tract. Injection of HRP into the optic tract of the cat also allowed the axons from labeled retinal ganglion cells to be traced within the retina and optic disc. Axons from ganglion cells lying temporal to the raphe curve around the area centralis enter the optic disc on the lateral and inferior aspects. Ganglion cells lying nasal to the raphe send their axons more directly to enter the optic disc on its superior aspect. A schema is proposed whereby the retina is mapped onto the optic tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A critical role for ACAID in the distinctive pattern of retinitis that follows anterior chamber inoculation of HSV-1.

To test the hypothesis that ACAID induction is instrumental in producing the distinctive pattern of retinal pathology that follows anterior chamber inoculation of HSV-1 in BALB/c mice, panels of mice received uniocular anterior chamber, uniocular intravitreal, and bilateral anterior chamber inoculations of HSV-1. It was found that contralateral retinitis developed after the first two routes, and ACAID was induced by all three. Enucleation of eyes inoculated with HSV-1 before 3 days post-inoculation (but not thereafter) prevented both ACAID and contralateral retinitis. Intracameral inoculations of HSV-2 induced vigorous delayed hypersensitivity and failed to incite contralateral retinitis. It is concluded that ACAID induction plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of contralateral retinitis following anterior chamber inoculation of HSV-1.

Animals↗