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PubMed1984

Improvement in drug utilization in an ambulatory care setting by the use of drug profiles for physicians.

The purpose of this study was to determine if the use of drug profiles could improve drug utilization in an ambulatory care setting. Four clinics were provided drug profiles on each patient for a 6- to 9-month period. Evaluation of drug utilization and physician response to using the profiles was performed. The data indicated that, after the profiles were introduced, there was a reduction in the total number of medications and duplications in a majority of patients studied. In addition, physician time spent in reviewing the drug history was significantly reduced. Overall, the physicians who were surveyed felt that the profile helped them and improved patient care. These data support the conclusions that the integration of drug profiles within an ambulatory care setting can improve patient care and help the hospital with large outpatient workloads to realize significant savings.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

A time course study on STR profiles derived from human bone, muscle, and bone marrow.

The use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to define deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) types at several loci was investigated. PCR was used to amplify nine short tandem repeat (STR) loci along with the amelogenin locus on the X and Y chromosomes using the AmpF/STR Profiler Plus PCR amplification kit (Perkin Elmer). Rib bones were collected from 12 individuals. Five cm portions were buried at a depth of approximately 30 cm and 5 cm portions were left on the surface of the ground. Samples were exposed to the environment for periods of time ranging from two weeks to 17 months. Dried blood standards were prepared for use as reference standards for each rib sample. Bone, muscle, and bone marrow were collected from each sample. DNA from each tissue type was extracted. Complete profile results were obtained from the surface bone samples out to an exposure time of 17 months. None of the muscle or bone marrow samples produced complete profile results beyond eight weeks. All DNA typing results from complete or incomplete profiles were consistent with DNA typing results of the corresponding blood standard. Results suggest that using the AmpF/STR Profiler Plus PCR Amplification Kit is a valid way to establish the DNA profile of tissue types from human remains.

Alleles↗
PubMed2000

Differential expression of gender-dependent hepatic isoforms of cytochrome P-450 by pulse signals in the circulating masculine episodic growth hormone profile of the rat.

The masculine profile of growth hormone (GH) secretion characterized by episodic bursts ( approximately 200-300 ng/ml plasma) every 3.5 to 4 h, separated by interpulse periods devoid of detectable hormone, was restored at various peak heights to hypophysectomized, thyroxine-supplemented male rats to determine the minimum signaling amplitudes of the hormone pulse required to maintain male-like expression levels of gender-dependent hepatic cytochrome P-450s (CYP P-450s). Restoration of the pulse to as little as 2.5% of normal elevated CYP2C11 (the predominant isoform in male liver) protein and dependent catalytic activities to approximately 50% of normal, whereas transcript concentrations increased to 150% of physiologic. Renaturalizing the masculine plasma GH profile to 5% of normal was sufficient to increase CYP2C11 protein and catalytic activity to intact levels while further elevating mRNA to approximately 200% of normal (subsequently declining to intact concentrations with physiologic pulses). In dramatic contrast, CYP2C7 (mRNA and protein) declined to barely detectable levels following hypophysectomy and remained completely unresponsive to GH until replaced with the physiologic masculine profile. The repressive effects of the episodic GH profile on CYP2A2 and CYP3A2 expression similarly required replacement of near physiologic pulse amplitudes. Exhibiting an intermediate response to the masculine profile, restoration of 25% of the normal pulse amplitude was sufficient to significantly elevate CYP2A1 and CYP2C6 expression levels in hypophysectomized rats. These findings illustrate the importance of the pulse amplitudes (in addition to the interpulse periods) in the circulating masculine GH profile as differential signals regulating the expression and/or repression of each sex-dependent hepatic P-450 isoform in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

The health profile of incarcerated male youths.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the health needs of adolescent males incarcerated in a juvenile justice facility and to compare their health profiles with those of male adolescents in the community. METHODS: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted of incarcerated (N = 202) and school (N = 379) samples of male youths. Questionnaires were self-administered and completed before admission health screens (incarcerated youth) or in classrooms (school sample). Health status was assessed by the Child Health and Illness Profile, Adolescent Edition, using scale and item means and by categorizing each youth's pattern of health into 1 of 13 mutually exclusive health profile types. RESULTS: Compared with school counterparts, incarcerated male youths had significantly worse health status as demonstrated by poorer health and functioning scores in perceived well being, self-esteem, physical discomfort, acute, chronic, and psychosocial disorders, family involvement, physical activity, interpersonal problem-solving, risk behaviors, and academic performance. Three profile types-High Risks, High Risks/Low Resilience, and Worst Health-accounted for patterns of health for 69.8% of incarcerated youth versus 37.3% of an age-matched school sample. Just 6.4% of incarcerated males were in the Excellent/Good Health profile types, which contrasted with 34.2% of the age-matched school sample. CONCLUSIONS: The health profiles of incarcerated male youths were worse than those of male youths in school. Our results indicate that rehabilitation programs will need to address incarcerated youth's basic health needs as well as modifying their risk and antisocial behaviors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

World population data for the HLA-DQA1, PM and D1S80 loci with least and most common profile frequencies for combinations of loci estimated following NRC II guidelines.

All published and unpublished gene frequency data for the PCR-based loci HLA-DQA1, LDLR, GYPA, HBGG, D7S8, GC, and D1S80 that could be located are presented in summary tables. These gene frequencies provide the data necessary for estimating probabilities of chance match according to NRC II guidelines for any DNA profile that includes any combination of these loci for any of the populations. To illustrate the range of polymorphism for combined locus profiles, least and most common profile frequencies were estimated following NRC II guidelines for: the PM loci for all populations for which PM data were available; and for combinations of HLA-DQA1/PM, HLA-DQA1/D1S80, PM/D1S80, and HLA-DQA1/ PM/D1S80 for populations for which data were available for the relevant combinations. The profile frequencies were calculated at theta values of zero and 0.01. Minimum allele frequencies (MAF) were calculated, and are shown, for each data set for which the MAF was greater than the lowest observed allele frequency. Least common profile frequencies were calculated using MAF in those cases to illustrate a conservative estimate. The effect of using MAF versus lowest observed allele frequency in estimating least common profile frequencies is briefly illustrated as well. We finally show that aggregate U.S. gene frequency data for the classical MN and GC polymorphisms for both Caucasian and African-American populations is fully in accord with the DNA-based gene frequency data obtained from PM reverse dot-blot strips for GYPA and GC, respectively.

Alleles↗
PubMed2000

A sensitive and convenient method for lipoprotein profile analysis of individual mouse plasma samples.

A simple and convenient method to determine plasma cholesterol profiles in individual mouse plasma samples is not presently available. With commonly used methods, plasma samples from several animals in a study group must often be pooled and analyzed, usually by the fast phase liquid chromatography (FPLC) method. The Column Lipoprotein Profile (or CLiP) method described here is a modification of the FPLC method that provides a simple and convenient procedure for determining plasma lipoprotein cholesterol profiles in small sample volumes, allowing determination of profiles from individual animals rather than from pooled plasma. The CLiP method is reproducible; a human sample measured five times over several days produced coefficients of variation as follows: VLDL, 10.0%; LDL, 0.93%; and HDL, 2.51%. CLiP-derived total cholesterol values of five different human samples (with total cholesterol levels ranging from 198 to 263 mg/dL) differed from VAP-II by -1.88% +/- 2.57%. Linearity of differing concentrations for each of the lipoprotein classes was determined by measuring the same sample with different aliquot sizes. The linear regression from VLDL had an r value of 0.996, while LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol all had r values of greater than 0.999. We present a direct comparison of plasma cholesterol profiles from several mouse models with gene modification or expression of transgenic proteins. In conclusion, the CLiP method provides a simple, reliable, and reproducible procedure for determination of plasma cholesterol profiles from individual plasma samples with very low sample volumes, using readily available equipment and reagents.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

The role of density on the release profiles of hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds from TCPL delivery systems.

Several studies have shown that tri-calcium phosphate lysine drug delivery systems (TCPL) are capable of releasing various organic compounds at a sustained manner for long duration. The fabrication of TCPL devices is complex and the manipulation of various factors can alter drug release profiles. The compression of the TCPL material into the capsular form is an instrumental factor when studying the desired release profile. The objectives of this investigation were: 1) to study the interrelationship between the release profiles of devices that had been cold pressed at two different densities (1.53 +/- 0.15 (Low density, TCPL-LD) and 1.98 +/- 0.7 gm/cm3 (High density, TCPL-HD)), and 2) to evaluate the role of the change in density that might have on the release of hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds in an in vitro environment. A total of 16 serum bottles were used and later subdivided into four groups (n = 4). Groups I and II contained TCPL-HD and TCPL-LD capsules each loaded with 20 mg of progesterone (P). Groups III & IV contained TCPL-HD and TCPL-LD capsules that were loaded with 20 mg of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). Each serum bottle in groups III and IV was filled with 100 mL of phosphate buffer saline (pH 7.4) and 10 microL of sodium azide (antibacterial agent). Serum bottles in groups I and II were filled with 50% alcohol (wt/vol). Samples were withdrawn at various time intervals and the release profiles were analyzed by using standard spectrophotometer techniques. Data analysis was conducted by using Jandel Sigma Stat Statistical software. Results of this investigation suggest that: 1) TCPL-HD and TCPL-LD devices were capable of releasing P and BSA at sustained levels, 2) regardless of the loaded drugs, the release profiles from TCPL-LD devices was found to be significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the release profiles of P and BSA from TCPL-HD, and 3) physiochemical characteristics of the drug to be delivered are instrumental in regulating the rate of release and duration or availability of an effective and safe dose (BSA > P).

Calcium Phosphates↗
PubMed2000

Evaluation of profile esthetic change with mandibular advancement surgery.

Our purpose was to investigate the impact of mandibular advancement surgery on profile esthetics and to attempt to define guidelines that could be of value to the clinician in predicting profile esthetic change. The sample consisted of 34 patients who had been treated with a combination of orthodontics and mandibular advancement surgery without genioplasty. Initial (pretreatment) and final (posttreatment) cephalometric radiographs of each patient were used to produce silhouette images and to quantify skeletal changes that occurred with surgery. The images were displayed randomly to lay persons and orthodontic residents who were asked to score the esthetics of each profile. On average, after mandibular advancement surgery, B point moved forward 5.0 mm (SD = 2.6 mm) and downward 4.7 mm (SD = 3.1 mm), and the ANB angle decreased 3.0 degrees (SD = 1.6 degrees ) Graphical analysis and results of paired t tests revealed that for patients with an initial ANB angle >/= 6 degrees, a consistent improvement in profile esthetics was seen following surgery (P </=.001). This represented, on average, about a 45% improvement in esthetics. For patients with an initial ANB angle < 6 degrees, an improvement in profile esthetics after surgery was seen about half the time but poorer esthetics were equally likely. These results underscore the importance of using the ANB angle as a skeletal guideline when deciding whether to treat patients with mandibular advancement surgery. If improved profile esthetics are a desired outcome, an initial ANB angle of at least 6 degrees is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Investigation of anthropometric and work-rate profiles of elite South American international soccer players.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the current investigation was to determine the movement profiles of elite South American soccer players during international competition and examine the relationship between anthropometric profile and work-rate variables. METHODS: Seventeen full-time professional soccer players were filmed while competing for their countries. Anthropometric profiles were obtained for eleven of these players. Six full-time professional players from the English Premier League were also filmed for comparative purposes. RESULTS: The South American international players covered significantly less (p<0.05) total distance during match-play than English Premier League players (International, 8638+/-1158 m; English Premier League, 10104+/-703 m). The total distance covered during the second half of the game was significantly reduced (p<0.05) compared to the first half distance for both groups of players (mean+/-SD first half 4605+/-625 m; mean+/-SD second half 4415+/-634 m). The data for both groups of players were combined to evaluate positional differences in the workrate profile. Midfield players covered a significantly greater (p<0.05) distance than forward players (midfield, 9826+/-1031 m; forwards, 7736+/-929 m) and defenders covered a greater (p<0.05) distance jogging backwards than forward players (defenders, 276+/-155 m; forwards, 68+/-25 m). Forwards sprinted a greater distance (p<0.05) than defensive players (defenders, 231+/-142 m; forwards, 557+/-142 m). Mean somatotype was a balanced mesomorph (2-5 1/2-2). Body mass and muscle mass was related to the total distance covered (r=0.43, r=0.53, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these data, it seems that an individual's work-rate profile is dependent upon the type of competition and the playing position. Relationships between anthropometric profile and work-rate are complex due to the interaction between the variables that determine work-rate.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Incremental validity of WISC-III profile elevation, scatter, and shape information for predicting reading and math achievement.

The use of cognitive subtest profiles to hypothesize about children's learning strengths and weaknesses implicitly assumes that subtest profiles are predictive of academic performance. To test this assumption, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition (WISC-III) subtest profiles were decomposed into elevation, scatter, and shape components and sequentially regressed onto reading and math achievement scores for 1,118 nonexceptional and 538 exceptional students. Profile elevation was statistically and practically significant for both exceptional (R = .36-.61) and nonexceptional (R = .72-.75) students. Profile scatter did not aid in the prediction of achievement. Profile shape accounted for an additional 5%-8% of the variance in achievement measures. It was concluded that using WISC-III subtest scatter and shape to predict academic performance was not supported by the accumulated scientific evidence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Concordance study on population database samples using the PowerPlex 16 kit and AmpFlSTR Profiler Plus kit and AmpFlSTR COfiler kit.

Over 500 population database samples comprising African Americans, Bahamians, and Southwestern Hispanics were typed using the PowerPlex 16 and the Profiler Plus COfiler kits. There was only one sample in which a typing difference was observed. An FGA heterozygote profile was observed using the PowerPlex 16 primers, and a single allele FGA profile was observed using Profiler Plus primers. Thus, the extant data suggest that the primers used in the PowerPlex 16, Profiler Plus, and COfiler kits are reliable for typing reference samples destined for use in CODIS. In addition, African American, Bahamian, and Southwestern Hispanic databases have been established for the STR loci Penta D and Penta E. Both loci are highly polymorphic. The application of the product rule is valid for estimating the rarity of a multiple loci profile consisting of these two and the 13 core STR loci.

DNA Fingerprinting↗
PubMed2001

[The introduction of a new clinical laboratory system, so-called the profiles for each diagnosis related group].

We try to establish a new clinical laboratory system, so-called profiles for each diagnosis related group which have features as shown below. 1) The profiles are clinical manuals that are utilized by home doctors and show how to diagnose, follow up, observe complications and judge therapeutic effect. 2) The profiles are constructed on condition that they cover 60% of cases and cases that they cannot handle are supposed to be referred to the major hospitals or the specialized doctors. 3) The profiles are guaranteed to be reformed and maintained according to medical advancement. 4) The target diseases of the profiles are thyroid disease, liver diseases, diabetes mellitus, respiratory disease, infectious disease, renal disease, cardiac disease, hyperlipemia, collagen disease, hematological disease, osteoporosis and gynecological disease. We present the profiles for thyroid disease, hyperlipemia and collagen disease which have been accomplished.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed2002

[Interpretation of DNA profiles for mixed stains].

This article review the advance in interpretation of mixed forensic stains using DNA profiling, including autosome STR profiling, sex profiling determined by PCR, Y-specific STR profiling, mitochondrial DNA profiling and single nucleotide polymorphism profiling. The statistics methods for mixed stain has also been reviewed.

Alleles↗
PubMed2003

[Changes in the gene expression profile of the left heart ventricle during growth in the rat].

Wistar rats of 8, 10 and 12-week-old were chosen for study of the relationship between cardiac growth and its gene expression profile changes during maturation. The ultrasonic parameters of rat hearts were recorded before sacrifice, then total RNA of left ventricle were extracted and gene expression profiles were analyzed by cDNA microarray. During growth from 8 weeks to 12 weeks, the body weight increased by 45.5% (287+/-13 g vs 197+/-10 g), and the increment in the first two-week period was equal to that of the second two-week period. The mass of left ventricle and the posterior wall thickness increased by 27.7% (0.60+/-0.03 g vs 0.47+/-0.02 g) and 23.6% (2.04+/-0.04 mm vs 1.65+/-0.13 mm), respectively, and their increment in the first two-week period was much more than that in the second one. Meanwhile, the gene expression profile of the left ventricle changed significantly, which involved cellular structure, metabolism, oxidative stress, signal transduction, etc. Compared with the 8-week-old rats, these genes were mostly up-regulated in 10-week-old rats, while for 12-week-old rats, the gene expression profile of the left ventricle recovered to the pattern of 8-week-old rats again on the whole. These results suggest that the relationship between the changes in cardiac function and gene expression profile can be analyzed comprehensively with the technique of microarray, and that the changes in gene expression profile of the left ventricle during rat maturation adapt to the physiological growth of heart, which is of benefit for keeping the metabolism balance between materials and energy.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Recognition of remotely related structural homologues using sequence profiles of aligned homologous protein structures.

In order to bridge the gap between proteins with three-dimensional (3-D) structural information and those without 3-D structures, extensive experimental and computational efforts for structure recognition are being invested. One of the rapid and simple computational approaches for structure recognition makes use of sequence profiles with sensitive profile matching procedures to identify remotely related homologous families. While adopting this approach we used profiles that are generated from structure-based sequence alignment of homologous protein domains of known structures integrated with sequence homologues. We present an assessment of this fast and simple approach. About one year ago, using this approach, we had identified structural homologues for 315 sequence families, which were not known to have any 3-D structural information. The subsequent experimental structure determination for at least one of the members in 110 of 315 sequence families allowed a retrospective assessment of the correctness of structure recognition. We demonstrate that correct folds are detected with an accuracy of 96.4% (106/110). Most (81/106) of the associations are made correctly to the specific structural family. For 23/106, the structure associations are valid at the superfamily level. Thus, profiles of protein families of known structure when used with sensitive profile-based search procedure result in structure association of high confidence. Further assignment at the level of superfamily or family would provide clues to probable functions of new proteins. Importantly, the public availability of these profiles from us could enable one to perform genome wide structure assignment in a local machine in a fast and accurate manner.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Features of developmental functions and autistic profiles in children with fragile X syndrome.

BACKGROUND: In this study, we investigated the developmental functions and autistic profiles in children with Fragile X syndrome (FXS). In addition, we established the relationships between developmental and autistic profiles in these children. METHODS: The medical records of 12 children with FXS, aged 2 to 7 years, were collected. Fifteen children with autism, without FXS, who were age- and sex-matched were selected as the comparison group. All children underwent assessments of developmental functions according to the Chinese Child Development Inventory (CCDI), and autistic profiles according to the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Differences in genders between the two groups were determined with the Fisher's exact test. Differences in developmental functions (CCDI) and autistic profiles (CARS) between the two groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U test and Bonferroni adjustment. The Spearman's rho correlation was used to determine the relationship of developmental functions and autistic profiles. RESULTS: All developmental functions in children with FXS were better than those with autism except for gross motor, fine motor and expressive language functions. Children with FXS had the worst expressive language function (56% Development Quotient, DQ) as compared with other developmental functions (> 70% DQ). The major difference between the children with FXS and those with autism was personal social function with a difference of 33% DQ. The average total CARS score were lower in children with FXS (average score, 28) than children with autism (average score, 34). Spearman's correlation demonstrated the CARS total score were negatively correlated with all developmental functions, except for gross motor function. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the FXS children had multifaceted and disproportional development patterns in motor, speech and social domains when compared with the autism children without FXS. The developmental functions were inversely correlated with autistic profiles. Therefore, when applying comprehensive assessment, we were able to identify the special developmental features in children with FXS.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed2005

[Association of Internet addiction with health promotion lifestyle profile and perceived health status in adolescents].

OBJECTIVES: To identify the relationship between the internet addiction of adolescents and their Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile and Perceived Health Status, and thereby to detect the impact of internet addiction on the health of adolescents, produce the basic information necessary to develop a prevention program for internet addiction and to plan for a health promotion program. METHODS: This study was designed as a cross-sectional study, and the subjects were the second-grade students of three junior-high and three high schools located in the city of K in Kyung Gi Province. Out of 769 subjects, 764 completed the questionnaires (99.3%); 369 (48.3%) junior-high school students and 395 (51.7%) high school students. The questionnaires were composed of Young's Internet Addiction, Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile, Perceived Health Status, and general characteristics. We used t-test, ANOVA in means comparison between groups, chi2-test in frequency analysis, and multiple regression analysis in multivariate analysis, using the SAS 8.1 program. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile according to internet addiction status (severe addiction vs. other status, P < 0.0001). The Perceived Health Status scores was lowest in the severe addiction group (P < 0.001). There was also a significant negative correlation between internet addiction and Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile (P < 0.0001). The results of multiple regression showed that Young's Addiction Score was significant for the subjects' Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile after controlling for other variables (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that the severe internet addiction group had the lowest score in Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile and Perceived Health Status, which suggests that the addiction could have a negative effect on the health status of adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The relationships among psychosocial profile, maternal size, and smoking in predicting fetal growth retardation.

OBJECTIVE: We explored the relationships among measures of psychosocial well-being, maternal size, and smoking in predicting infant size at birth. METHODS: Participants in this population-based cohort study were drawn from public health prenatal clinics in Jefferson County, Alabama during 1985-1988. Para 1 and 2 women were screened for 11 risk factors for low birth weight, including small stature, a previous low birth weight infant, and smoking. RESULTS: Poor scores on five of six psychosocial scales, as well as on a combined profile, were associated with a significantly higher relative risk of fetal growth retardation (FGR) only in thinner women, defined as having a body mass index less than the median (relative risk [RR] 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47, 3.04). A significant association between the psychosocial profile and birth weight was demonstrated for thin women in a multivariate analysis adjusting for gestational age, race, infant sex, and smoking (P = .0003). The relationship remained significant when hypertension, alcohol and drug use, and weight gain were added to the model (P = .003). In women with a body mass index above the median, a poor psychosocial profile showed little association with FGR (RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.73, 1.98) and did not have a significant association with birth weight. A poor profile had a greater association with FGR in non-smokers (RR 2.04, 95% CI 1.29, 3.22) than in smokers (RR 1.4, 95% CI 0.95, 2.06). CONCLUSIONS: Greater pre-pregnancy weight for height appears to protect against the adverse effects of a poor psychosocial profile in a population of poor, primarily black women. In thinner women, both smoking and a poor psychosocial profile were associated with a substantially increased rate of FGR, indicating a subgroup of women who may receive greater benefits from intervention programs.

Body Mass Index↗